第三部分: 閱讀理解 (共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Pets are no strangers to the White House. Many of American Presidents have been animal lovers. In recent times, White House pets have been tame dogs and cats. Long ago, however, presidential pets, like our nation itself, were wilder!
In 1806, President Thomas Jefferson lived in the White House. Passers-by often caught sight of his pet bears. Explorers had discovered these fierce bears, caught a pair of small ones, and sent them to Jefferson. While the President was excited about his bears, his enemies in Congress (國會(huì)) constantly laughed at his pets, calling the White House “The President’s Bear Garden”.
By 1825, the bears were long gone from the White House scene. Now, the building was home to President John Quincy Adams and his crocodile. The green beast actually belonged to General Lafayette, a French hero who had helped the United States win the Revolutionary War. When Lafayette asked Adams to keep the crocodile for him, the President couldn’t refuse. While President Adams babysat (擔(dān)任臨時(shí)保姆) the huge crocodile, First Lady Louisa Adams was busy raising thousands of silkworms. She used the silk from the silkworms to make cloth for her dresses.
When President Martin Van Buren moved into the White House in 1837, he brought his tigers with him. At first, Van Buren said the tigers were his. The Sultan of Oman had sent the tigers when Van Buren was elected, so Congress argued that the tigers belonged to the American people. A fight over the tigers continued for months. In the end, Congress sent someone to seize the tigers and put them in a zoo.
Twenty years later, President James Buchanan received another valuable gift when he was in his first year in the White House. This time, the King of Siam sent several elephants! Buchanan had no desire to share his building with the big creatures, so he sent them to the zoo. Buchanan did, however, keep another gift –a pair of birds. They were a fitting symbol of presidential power.
56. How did the Presidents mentioned get their unusual pets?
A. They got them in the forest.
B. They bought them at the market.
C. The pets were given to them by others.
D. Their family members offered them the pets.
57. What similar political effect did Jefferson’s bears and Van Buren’s tigers have?
A. The pets made them happy and gay.
B. It took them too much time to look after them.
C. It made people believe that they were animal lovers.
D. It brought about dissatisfaction with them in Congress.
58. According to the passage, we can infer that ________.
A. the pets the Presidents raised were all huge ones
B. the pets the Presidents owned were all their favorite ones
C. the Presidents kept the pets not only at home but in the zoo
D. the Presidents’ Pets were not only cared about by their families
59. The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. The president’s bear garden B. Historical American presidents’ pets
C. The White House as a zoo D. American presidents’ favorites
B考試大www.examda.com
Full face transplants (移植) are no longer science fiction fantasy (幻想), a leading surgeon has said, adding that they are technically feasible（可行的）but ethically (道德) complex.
Peter Butler from London’s Royal Free Hospital called for a debate on the ethics of such an operation made possible by new drugs which stop the body’s immune （免役） system rejecting a transplanted face. “It is not ‘can you do it?’ but ‘should we do it?’” he told the BBC. “The technical part is not complex, but I don’t think that’s going to be the very great difficulty… The ethical and moral debate is obviously going to have to take place before the first facial transplantation.”
The British Association of Plastic Surgeons will discuss the microsurgical procedure (微型外科技術(shù)), which could give new skin, bone, nose, chin, lips and ears from deceased donors to patients disfigured （毀容的） by accidents, burns or cancer. But surgeons could have trouble finding enough willing donors. Butler said his survey of doctors, nurses and members of the public showed most would accept a face transplant but few were willing to donate their own after dying.
Despite a number of ethical concerns, Christine Piff, who founded the charity Let’s Face It after suffering a rare facial cancer 25 years ago, welcomed the possibility of face transplants. She rejected the idea that the procedure would mean people would end up living with a dead person’s face. “There are so many people without faces, I have half a face… but we are all so much more than just a face… you don’t take on their personality. You are still you,” she told reporters. “If we can donate other organs of the body then why not the face. I can’t see anything wrong with it.”
60. The underlined word “deceased” in the third paragraph probably means _________.
A. living B. dead C. diseased D. dying
61. When Christine Piff says “There are so many people without faces…”, she refers to the people _________.
A. who are dishonorable and shameless
A. who disagree with the full face transplant
B. who are seriously injured by an accident
C. who are disfigured by accidents, burns and cancer
62. According to the passage, what makes it likely to carry out a facial transplantation?
A. Drugs are available to stop the body’s immune system rejecting a transplanted face.
B. It’s morally practical, though technically complex.
C. Most people accept the idea of face transplants.
D. There are some people who are willing to donate their faces after dying.
63. What is implied but not stated in the passage?
A. Christine Piff has been the first lucky patient to receive a face transplant.
B. Surgeons have difficulty finding enough willing donors.
C. The main difficulty with the operation lies in the matter of ethics and morality.
D. Nobody other than Christine Piff is quite in favor of the donation of organs.
C
Research suggests that parents who reward self-control and independence tend to have children with high achievement motivation(動(dòng)機(jī)). Such parents set high standards for their children but allow them to work at their own level and to make their own mistakes. By contrast, parents of low need achievers typically set impossibly high goals for their children and make extreme demands. In addition, parents of high need achievers encourage good performance but do not reproach their children when they fail. If a child comes home from school with four A’s and one B on a report card, the parents focus on the A’s; parents of a potentially low need achiever tend to ask, “why the B?” Parents of high need achievers respond to mediocre (普普通通的) grades with warmth and suggestions for reasonable goals and ways to reach them. Parents of low need achievers might say, “You’re dumb and lazy you’ll never amount to anything”, and punish the child. When a child is having trouble with a math problem, the parent of a potentially high need achiever will suggest the general measures and let the child work out the particular solution; a low need achiever’s parent will solve the problem and then hand the child the answer.
That needs for affiliation (隸屬關(guān)系) and achievement exist within all of us, to varying degrees, is undeniable (不可否認(rèn)的). And although biological bases for at least the affiliation need have been proposed, a great deal more is known about the psychological bases of these needs and how they come about.
Closely related to motivation are emotions, which can activate (刺激) and direct behavior in much the same way as physiological, social, and psychological motivations do.
64. Parents of high need achievers _______.
A. usually leave their children alone
B. sent very high standards for their children
C. allow for failure on the part of their children
D. control their children to a minimum degree
65. If a child gets good marks for some courses and lower marks for others, a parent of a high-need achiever will ______.
A. criticize him for the lower marks and praise him for the good
B. praise him and give some suggestions for further improvement
C. praise him for the good marks and reward him
D. criticize him for the lower marks and punish him
66. In the first paragraph, the underlined expression “reproach their children” probably means______.
A. praise them B. ignore them C. scold them D. beat them
67. The passage is mainly about the role of ______.
reward in promotion their children’s study
self-control and independence in child growth
emotional reaction in promoting achievement
praise in promoting desired behaviour
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Pets are no strangers to the White House. Many of American Presidents have been animal lovers. In recent times, White House pets have been tame dogs and cats. Long ago, however, presidential pets, like our nation itself, were wilder!
In 1806, President Thomas Jefferson lived in the White House. Passers-by often caught sight of his pet bears. Explorers had discovered these fierce bears, caught a pair of small ones, and sent them to Jefferson. While the President was excited about his bears, his enemies in Congress (國會(huì)) constantly laughed at his pets, calling the White House “The President’s Bear Garden”.
By 1825, the bears were long gone from the White House scene. Now, the building was home to President John Quincy Adams and his crocodile. The green beast actually belonged to General Lafayette, a French hero who had helped the United States win the Revolutionary War. When Lafayette asked Adams to keep the crocodile for him, the President couldn’t refuse. While President Adams babysat (擔(dān)任臨時(shí)保姆) the huge crocodile, First Lady Louisa Adams was busy raising thousands of silkworms. She used the silk from the silkworms to make cloth for her dresses.
When President Martin Van Buren moved into the White House in 1837, he brought his tigers with him. At first, Van Buren said the tigers were his. The Sultan of Oman had sent the tigers when Van Buren was elected, so Congress argued that the tigers belonged to the American people. A fight over the tigers continued for months. In the end, Congress sent someone to seize the tigers and put them in a zoo.
Twenty years later, President James Buchanan received another valuable gift when he was in his first year in the White House. This time, the King of Siam sent several elephants! Buchanan had no desire to share his building with the big creatures, so he sent them to the zoo. Buchanan did, however, keep another gift –a pair of birds. They were a fitting symbol of presidential power.
56. How did the Presidents mentioned get their unusual pets?
A. They got them in the forest.
B. They bought them at the market.
C. The pets were given to them by others.
D. Their family members offered them the pets.
57. What similar political effect did Jefferson’s bears and Van Buren’s tigers have?
A. The pets made them happy and gay.
B. It took them too much time to look after them.
C. It made people believe that they were animal lovers.
D. It brought about dissatisfaction with them in Congress.
58. According to the passage, we can infer that ________.
A. the pets the Presidents raised were all huge ones
B. the pets the Presidents owned were all their favorite ones
C. the Presidents kept the pets not only at home but in the zoo
D. the Presidents’ Pets were not only cared about by their families
59. The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. The president’s bear garden B. Historical American presidents’ pets
C. The White House as a zoo D. American presidents’ favorites
B考試大www.examda.com
Full face transplants (移植) are no longer science fiction fantasy (幻想), a leading surgeon has said, adding that they are technically feasible（可行的）but ethically (道德) complex.
Peter Butler from London’s Royal Free Hospital called for a debate on the ethics of such an operation made possible by new drugs which stop the body’s immune （免役） system rejecting a transplanted face. “It is not ‘can you do it?’ but ‘should we do it?’” he told the BBC. “The technical part is not complex, but I don’t think that’s going to be the very great difficulty… The ethical and moral debate is obviously going to have to take place before the first facial transplantation.”
The British Association of Plastic Surgeons will discuss the microsurgical procedure (微型外科技術(shù)), which could give new skin, bone, nose, chin, lips and ears from deceased donors to patients disfigured （毀容的） by accidents, burns or cancer. But surgeons could have trouble finding enough willing donors. Butler said his survey of doctors, nurses and members of the public showed most would accept a face transplant but few were willing to donate their own after dying.
Despite a number of ethical concerns, Christine Piff, who founded the charity Let’s Face It after suffering a rare facial cancer 25 years ago, welcomed the possibility of face transplants. She rejected the idea that the procedure would mean people would end up living with a dead person’s face. “There are so many people without faces, I have half a face… but we are all so much more than just a face… you don’t take on their personality. You are still you,” she told reporters. “If we can donate other organs of the body then why not the face. I can’t see anything wrong with it.”
60. The underlined word “deceased” in the third paragraph probably means _________.
A. living B. dead C. diseased D. dying
61. When Christine Piff says “There are so many people without faces…”, she refers to the people _________.
A. who are dishonorable and shameless
A. who disagree with the full face transplant
B. who are seriously injured by an accident
C. who are disfigured by accidents, burns and cancer
62. According to the passage, what makes it likely to carry out a facial transplantation?
A. Drugs are available to stop the body’s immune system rejecting a transplanted face.
B. It’s morally practical, though technically complex.
C. Most people accept the idea of face transplants.
D. There are some people who are willing to donate their faces after dying.
63. What is implied but not stated in the passage?
A. Christine Piff has been the first lucky patient to receive a face transplant.
B. Surgeons have difficulty finding enough willing donors.
C. The main difficulty with the operation lies in the matter of ethics and morality.
D. Nobody other than Christine Piff is quite in favor of the donation of organs.
C
Research suggests that parents who reward self-control and independence tend to have children with high achievement motivation(動(dòng)機(jī)). Such parents set high standards for their children but allow them to work at their own level and to make their own mistakes. By contrast, parents of low need achievers typically set impossibly high goals for their children and make extreme demands. In addition, parents of high need achievers encourage good performance but do not reproach their children when they fail. If a child comes home from school with four A’s and one B on a report card, the parents focus on the A’s; parents of a potentially low need achiever tend to ask, “why the B?” Parents of high need achievers respond to mediocre (普普通通的) grades with warmth and suggestions for reasonable goals and ways to reach them. Parents of low need achievers might say, “You’re dumb and lazy you’ll never amount to anything”, and punish the child. When a child is having trouble with a math problem, the parent of a potentially high need achiever will suggest the general measures and let the child work out the particular solution; a low need achiever’s parent will solve the problem and then hand the child the answer.
That needs for affiliation (隸屬關(guān)系) and achievement exist within all of us, to varying degrees, is undeniable (不可否認(rèn)的). And although biological bases for at least the affiliation need have been proposed, a great deal more is known about the psychological bases of these needs and how they come about.
Closely related to motivation are emotions, which can activate (刺激) and direct behavior in much the same way as physiological, social, and psychological motivations do.
64. Parents of high need achievers _______.
A. usually leave their children alone
B. sent very high standards for their children
C. allow for failure on the part of their children
D. control their children to a minimum degree
65. If a child gets good marks for some courses and lower marks for others, a parent of a high-need achiever will ______.
A. criticize him for the lower marks and praise him for the good
B. praise him and give some suggestions for further improvement
C. praise him for the good marks and reward him
D. criticize him for the lower marks and punish him
66. In the first paragraph, the underlined expression “reproach their children” probably means______.
A. praise them B. ignore them C. scold them D. beat them
67. The passage is mainly about the role of ______.
reward in promotion their children’s study
self-control and independence in child growth
emotional reaction in promoting achievement
praise in promoting desired behaviour