[英譯漢]
When one uses the scientific method to study or investigate nature or the universe, one is practicing scientific thinking. All scientists practice scientific thinking, of course, since they are actively studying nature and investigating the universe by using the scientific method. But scientific thinking is not reservedsolely for scientists. (1)Anyone can "think like a scientist" who learns the scientific method and, most importantly, applies its precepts, whether he or she is investigating nature or not. (2)When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life--such as when studying history or literature, investigating societies or governments, seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy, or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence-one is said to be practicing critical thinking. Critical thinking is thinking correctly for oneself that successfully leads to the most reliable answers to questions and solutions to problems. In other words, critical thinking gives you reliable knowledge about all aspects of your life and society, and is not restricted to the formal study of nature.
Some professionals in the humanities, social sciences, jurisprudence, business; and journalism practice critical thinking as well as any scientist, but many, alas, do not. (3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful, but the qualifications for success in other professions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinking, a fact that is the source of much confusion, discord, and unhappiness in our society.
The scientific method has proven to be the most reliable and successful method of thinking in human history, and it is quite possible to use scientific thinking in other human endeavors. For this reason, critical thinking is being taught in schools throughout the United States, and its teaching is being encouraged as a universal ideal. (4)The important point is this: critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college, since if you master its skills, you know how to think successfully and reach reliable conclusions, and such ability will prove valuable in any human endeavor, including the humanities, social sciences, commerce, law, journalism, and government, as well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits. (5)Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are, as I claim, the same thing, only applied for different purposes, it is therefore reasonable to believe that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class, one learns, at the same time, the most important skill a student can possess--critical thinking. This, to my mind, is perhaps the foremost reason for college students to study science, no matter what on&s eventual major, interest, or profession. [436 words]
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Anyone can“think like a scientist”[who learns the scientific method and，most importantly。applies its precepts，(whether he or she is investigating nature or not)]．
(2)[When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life—such as(when studying history or literature，investigating societies or governments，seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy，or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence)]一one is said to be practicing critical thinking．
(3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful。But the qualifications for success in other profes—sions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinkin9，fl fact[that is the source of much confusion，discord， and unhappiness in our society]．
(4)The important point is this：critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college]，Esince (if you master its skills)，you know(how to think successfully and reach reliable conclu— sions)，andsuch ability will prove valuablein any human endeavor，including the humanities，social sciences。commerce，law，journalism，and government，fls well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits]．
(5)[Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are，as I claim，the same thing，(only applied for different purposes)]，it is therefore reasonable[to believe(that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class)，one learns，at the same time，the most important skill(a student can possess)一critical thinking]]． 全文翻譯
如果一個(gè)人應(yīng)用科學(xué)方法研究自然或者宇宙，那么他就是在應(yīng)用科學(xué)思維。當(dāng)然，所有的科學(xué)家都在應(yīng)用科學(xué)思維，因?yàn)樗麄冋诜e極地應(yīng)用科學(xué)方法研究自然和宇宙。但是，科學(xué)思維并不僅僅是科學(xué)家所獨(dú)有。(1)任何人，無(wú)論是否研究自然界，只要學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法，更重要的是，應(yīng)用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學(xué)家一樣思維”。(2)一個(gè)人在每日生活中，比如，學(xué)習(xí)歷史或文學(xué)時(shí)，研究社會(huì)或政府管理時(shí)，尋求解決經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)或哲學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，或者只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個(gè)人問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)用了科學(xué)思想方法和原則，就可以說(shuō)，他在進(jìn)行嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維對(duì)于一個(gè)人而言，是指能成功找到問(wèn)題的佳答案，為難題尋找佳解決方案的思維。換言之，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維為你生活和社會(huì)的各個(gè)方面提供可靠的知識(shí)，并不限于正式的自然科學(xué)研究。
如同任何科學(xué)家一樣，人文學(xué)科、社會(huì)學(xué)科、法學(xué)、商業(yè)以及傳媒學(xué)科中部分人士也使用嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維，不過(guò)，也有許多人不使用。(3)科學(xué)家的思維必須嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。這個(gè)事實(shí)是造成社會(huì)中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
科學(xué)方法已經(jīng)被證明是人類歷可靠和成功的思維方法，在人類的其他事業(yè)中也可能利用科學(xué)思維。出于這種考慮，全美國(guó)的學(xué)校都在教授嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維，而且把教授嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維看做普遍理想來(lái)提倡。(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維是學(xué)生在學(xué)校中能夠?qū)W會(huì)的重要技能。因?yàn)椋绻阏莆樟诉@種技能，你就知道如何正確思考問(wèn)題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學(xué)術(shù)和科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域，而且在人類活動(dòng)的任何領(lǐng)域，包括人文學(xué)科、社會(huì)科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。(5)正如我所說(shuō)，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維和科學(xué)思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問(wèn)題。因此，有理由認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)人在科學(xué)課上學(xué)會(huì)了科學(xué)思維，那么，與此同時(shí)，也就學(xué)會(huì)了一個(gè)學(xué)生應(yīng)該具備的重要技能——嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。在我看來(lái)，不管自己的專業(yè)、興趣或者職業(yè)如何，這一點(diǎn)也許是大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的主要原因。
【參考譯文】
(1)任何人，無(wú)論是否研究自然界，只要學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法，更重要的是，應(yīng)用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學(xué)家一樣思維”。
(2)一個(gè)人在每日生活中，比如，學(xué)習(xí)歷史或文學(xué)時(shí)，研究社會(huì)或政府管理時(shí)，尋求解決經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)或哲學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，或者 只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個(gè)人問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)用了科學(xué)思想方法和原則，就可以說(shuō)，他在進(jìn)行嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?思維。
(3)科學(xué)家的思維必須嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。這個(gè)事 實(shí)是造成社會(huì)中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維是學(xué)生在學(xué)校中能夠?qū)W會(huì)的重要技能。因?yàn)?，如果你掌握了這種技能，你就知道如何正 確思考問(wèn)題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學(xué)術(shù)和科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域，而且在人類活動(dòng)的任何領(lǐng)域，包括人文學(xué) 科、社會(huì)科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。
(5)正如我所說(shuō)，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維和科學(xué)思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問(wèn)題。因此，有理由認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)人在科學(xué) 課上學(xué)會(huì)了科學(xué)思維，那么，與此同時(shí)，也就學(xué)會(huì)了一個(gè)學(xué)生應(yīng)該具備的重要技能——嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。
超綱詞匯
Jurisprudence n．法學(xué)，法理學(xué)
discord n．不一致，分歧；爭(zhēng)論
When one uses the scientific method to study or investigate nature or the universe, one is practicing scientific thinking. All scientists practice scientific thinking, of course, since they are actively studying nature and investigating the universe by using the scientific method. But scientific thinking is not reservedsolely for scientists. (1)Anyone can "think like a scientist" who learns the scientific method and, most importantly, applies its precepts, whether he or she is investigating nature or not. (2)When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life--such as when studying history or literature, investigating societies or governments, seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy, or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence-one is said to be practicing critical thinking. Critical thinking is thinking correctly for oneself that successfully leads to the most reliable answers to questions and solutions to problems. In other words, critical thinking gives you reliable knowledge about all aspects of your life and society, and is not restricted to the formal study of nature.
Some professionals in the humanities, social sciences, jurisprudence, business; and journalism practice critical thinking as well as any scientist, but many, alas, do not. (3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful, but the qualifications for success in other professions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinking, a fact that is the source of much confusion, discord, and unhappiness in our society.
The scientific method has proven to be the most reliable and successful method of thinking in human history, and it is quite possible to use scientific thinking in other human endeavors. For this reason, critical thinking is being taught in schools throughout the United States, and its teaching is being encouraged as a universal ideal. (4)The important point is this: critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college, since if you master its skills, you know how to think successfully and reach reliable conclusions, and such ability will prove valuable in any human endeavor, including the humanities, social sciences, commerce, law, journalism, and government, as well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits. (5)Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are, as I claim, the same thing, only applied for different purposes, it is therefore reasonable to believe that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class, one learns, at the same time, the most important skill a student can possess--critical thinking. This, to my mind, is perhaps the foremost reason for college students to study science, no matter what on&s eventual major, interest, or profession. [436 words]
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Anyone can“think like a scientist”[who learns the scientific method and，most importantly。applies its precepts，(whether he or she is investigating nature or not)]．
(2)[When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life—such as(when studying history or literature，investigating societies or governments，seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy，or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence)]一one is said to be practicing critical thinking．
(3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful。But the qualifications for success in other profes—sions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinkin9，fl fact[that is the source of much confusion，discord， and unhappiness in our society]．
(4)The important point is this：critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college]，Esince (if you master its skills)，you know(how to think successfully and reach reliable conclu— sions)，andsuch ability will prove valuablein any human endeavor，including the humanities，social sciences。commerce，law，journalism，and government，fls well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits]．
(5)[Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are，as I claim，the same thing，(only applied for different purposes)]，it is therefore reasonable[to believe(that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class)，one learns，at the same time，the most important skill(a student can possess)一critical thinking]]． 全文翻譯
如果一個(gè)人應(yīng)用科學(xué)方法研究自然或者宇宙，那么他就是在應(yīng)用科學(xué)思維。當(dāng)然，所有的科學(xué)家都在應(yīng)用科學(xué)思維，因?yàn)樗麄冋诜e極地應(yīng)用科學(xué)方法研究自然和宇宙。但是，科學(xué)思維并不僅僅是科學(xué)家所獨(dú)有。(1)任何人，無(wú)論是否研究自然界，只要學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法，更重要的是，應(yīng)用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學(xué)家一樣思維”。(2)一個(gè)人在每日生活中，比如，學(xué)習(xí)歷史或文學(xué)時(shí)，研究社會(huì)或政府管理時(shí)，尋求解決經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)或哲學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，或者只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個(gè)人問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)用了科學(xué)思想方法和原則，就可以說(shuō)，他在進(jìn)行嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維對(duì)于一個(gè)人而言，是指能成功找到問(wèn)題的佳答案，為難題尋找佳解決方案的思維。換言之，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維為你生活和社會(huì)的各個(gè)方面提供可靠的知識(shí)，并不限于正式的自然科學(xué)研究。
如同任何科學(xué)家一樣，人文學(xué)科、社會(huì)學(xué)科、法學(xué)、商業(yè)以及傳媒學(xué)科中部分人士也使用嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維，不過(guò)，也有許多人不使用。(3)科學(xué)家的思維必須嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。這個(gè)事實(shí)是造成社會(huì)中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
科學(xué)方法已經(jīng)被證明是人類歷可靠和成功的思維方法，在人類的其他事業(yè)中也可能利用科學(xué)思維。出于這種考慮，全美國(guó)的學(xué)校都在教授嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維，而且把教授嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維看做普遍理想來(lái)提倡。(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維是學(xué)生在學(xué)校中能夠?qū)W會(huì)的重要技能。因?yàn)椋绻阏莆樟诉@種技能，你就知道如何正確思考問(wèn)題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學(xué)術(shù)和科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域，而且在人類活動(dòng)的任何領(lǐng)域，包括人文學(xué)科、社會(huì)科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。(5)正如我所說(shuō)，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維和科學(xué)思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問(wèn)題。因此，有理由認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)人在科學(xué)課上學(xué)會(huì)了科學(xué)思維，那么，與此同時(shí)，也就學(xué)會(huì)了一個(gè)學(xué)生應(yīng)該具備的重要技能——嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。在我看來(lái)，不管自己的專業(yè)、興趣或者職業(yè)如何，這一點(diǎn)也許是大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的主要原因。
【參考譯文】
(1)任何人，無(wú)論是否研究自然界，只要學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法，更重要的是，應(yīng)用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學(xué)家一樣思維”。
(2)一個(gè)人在每日生活中，比如，學(xué)習(xí)歷史或文學(xué)時(shí)，研究社會(huì)或政府管理時(shí)，尋求解決經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)或哲學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，或者 只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個(gè)人問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)用了科學(xué)思想方法和原則，就可以說(shuō)，他在進(jìn)行嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?思維。
(3)科學(xué)家的思維必須嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。這個(gè)事 實(shí)是造成社會(huì)中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維是學(xué)生在學(xué)校中能夠?qū)W會(huì)的重要技能。因?yàn)?，如果你掌握了這種技能，你就知道如何正 確思考問(wèn)題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學(xué)術(shù)和科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域，而且在人類活動(dòng)的任何領(lǐng)域，包括人文學(xué) 科、社會(huì)科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。
(5)正如我所說(shuō)，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維和科學(xué)思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問(wèn)題。因此，有理由認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)人在科學(xué) 課上學(xué)會(huì)了科學(xué)思維，那么，與此同時(shí)，也就學(xué)會(huì)了一個(gè)學(xué)生應(yīng)該具備的重要技能——嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)思維能力。
超綱詞匯
Jurisprudence n．法學(xué)，法理學(xué)
discord n．不一致，分歧；爭(zhēng)論