[英譯漢]
When one uses the scientific method to study or investigate nature or the universe, one is practicing scientific thinking. All scientists practice scientific thinking, of course, since they are actively studying nature and investigating the universe by using the scientific method. But scientific thinking is not reservedsolely for scientists. (1)Anyone can "think like a scientist" who learns the scientific method and, most importantly, applies its precepts, whether he or she is investigating nature or not. (2)When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life--such as when studying history or literature, investigating societies or governments, seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy, or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence-one is said to be practicing critical thinking. Critical thinking is thinking correctly for oneself that successfully leads to the most reliable answers to questions and solutions to problems. In other words, critical thinking gives you reliable knowledge about all aspects of your life and society, and is not restricted to the formal study of nature.
Some professionals in the humanities, social sciences, jurisprudence, business; and journalism practice critical thinking as well as any scientist, but many, alas, do not. (3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful, but the qualifications for success in other professions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinking, a fact that is the source of much confusion, discord, and unhappiness in our society.
The scientific method has proven to be the most reliable and successful method of thinking in human history, and it is quite possible to use scientific thinking in other human endeavors. For this reason, critical thinking is being taught in schools throughout the United States, and its teaching is being encouraged as a universal ideal. (4)The important point is this: critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college, since if you master its skills, you know how to think successfully and reach reliable conclusions, and such ability will prove valuable in any human endeavor, including the humanities, social sciences, commerce, law, journalism, and government, as well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits. (5)Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are, as I claim, the same thing, only applied for different purposes, it is therefore reasonable to believe that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class, one learns, at the same time, the most important skill a student can possess--critical thinking. This, to my mind, is perhaps the foremost reason for college students to study science, no matter what on&s eventual major, interest, or profession. [436 words]
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Anyone can“think like a scientist”[who learns the scientific method and，most importantly。applies its precepts，(whether he or she is investigating nature or not)]．
(2)[When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life—such as(when studying history or literature，investigating societies or governments，seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy，or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence)]一one is said to be practicing critical thinking．
(3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful。But the qualifications for success in other profes—sions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinkin9，fl fact[that is the source of much confusion，discord， and unhappiness in our society]．
(4)The important point is this：critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college]，Esince (if you master its skills)，you know(how to think successfully and reach reliable conclu— sions)，andsuch ability will prove valuablein any human endeavor，including the humanities，social sciences。commerce，law，journalism，and government，fls well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits]．
(5)[Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are，as I claim，the same thing，(only applied for different purposes)]，it is therefore reasonable[to believe(that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class)，one learns，at the same time，the most important skill(a student can possess)一critical thinking]]． 全文翻譯
如果一個人應用科學方法研究自然或者宇宙，那么他就是在應用科學思維。當然，所有的科學家都在應用科學思維，因為他們正在積極地應用科學方法研究自然和宇宙。但是，科學思維并不僅僅是科學家所獨有。(1)任何人，無論是否研究自然界，只要學習科學方法，更重要的是，應用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學家一樣思維”。(2)一個人在每日生活中，比如，學習歷史或文學時，研究社會或政府管理時，尋求解決經(jīng)濟學或哲學問題時，或者只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個人問題時，應用了科學思想方法和原則，就可以說，他在進行嚴謹?shù)乃季S。嚴謹思維對于一個人而言，是指能成功找到問題的佳答案，為難題尋找佳解決方案的思維。換言之，嚴謹思維為你生活和社會的各個方面提供可靠的知識，并不限于正式的自然科學研究。
如同任何科學家一樣，人文學科、社會學科、法學、商業(yè)以及傳媒學科中部分人士也使用嚴謹思維，不過，也有許多人不使用。(3)科學家的思維必須嚴謹才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴謹思維能力。這個事實是造成社會中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
科學方法已經(jīng)被證明是人類歷可靠和成功的思維方法，在人類的其他事業(yè)中也可能利用科學思維。出于這種考慮，全美國的學校都在教授嚴謹思維，而且把教授嚴謹思維看做普遍理想來提倡。(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴謹思維是學生在學校中能夠?qū)W會的重要技能。因為，如果你掌握了這種技能，你就知道如何正確思考問題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學術(shù)和科學研究領域，而且在人類活動的任何領域，包括人文學科、社會科學、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。(5)正如我所說，嚴謹思維和科學思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問題。因此，有理由認為，如果一個人在科學課上學會了科學思維，那么，與此同時，也就學會了一個學生應該具備的重要技能——嚴謹思維能力。在我看來，不管自己的專業(yè)、興趣或者職業(yè)如何，這一點也許是大學生學習科學的主要原因。
【參考譯文】
(1)任何人，無論是否研究自然界，只要學習科學方法，更重要的是，應用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學家一樣思維”。
(2)一個人在每日生活中，比如，學習歷史或文學時，研究社會或政府管理時，尋求解決經(jīng)濟學或哲學問題時，或者 只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個人問題時，應用了科學思想方法和原則，就可以說，他在進行嚴謹?shù)?思維。
(3)科學家的思維必須嚴謹才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴謹思維能力。這個事 實是造成社會中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴謹思維是學生在學校中能夠?qū)W會的重要技能。因為，如果你掌握了這種技能，你就知道如何正 確思考問題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學術(shù)和科學研究領域，而且在人類活動的任何領域，包括人文學 科、社會科學、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。
(5)正如我所說，嚴謹思維和科學思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問題。因此，有理由認為，如果一個人在科學 課上學會了科學思維，那么，與此同時，也就學會了一個學生應該具備的重要技能——嚴謹思維能力。
超綱詞匯
Jurisprudence n．法學，法理學
discord n．不一致，分歧；爭論
When one uses the scientific method to study or investigate nature or the universe, one is practicing scientific thinking. All scientists practice scientific thinking, of course, since they are actively studying nature and investigating the universe by using the scientific method. But scientific thinking is not reservedsolely for scientists. (1)Anyone can "think like a scientist" who learns the scientific method and, most importantly, applies its precepts, whether he or she is investigating nature or not. (2)When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life--such as when studying history or literature, investigating societies or governments, seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy, or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence-one is said to be practicing critical thinking. Critical thinking is thinking correctly for oneself that successfully leads to the most reliable answers to questions and solutions to problems. In other words, critical thinking gives you reliable knowledge about all aspects of your life and society, and is not restricted to the formal study of nature.
Some professionals in the humanities, social sciences, jurisprudence, business; and journalism practice critical thinking as well as any scientist, but many, alas, do not. (3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful, but the qualifications for success in other professions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinking, a fact that is the source of much confusion, discord, and unhappiness in our society.
The scientific method has proven to be the most reliable and successful method of thinking in human history, and it is quite possible to use scientific thinking in other human endeavors. For this reason, critical thinking is being taught in schools throughout the United States, and its teaching is being encouraged as a universal ideal. (4)The important point is this: critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college, since if you master its skills, you know how to think successfully and reach reliable conclusions, and such ability will prove valuable in any human endeavor, including the humanities, social sciences, commerce, law, journalism, and government, as well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits. (5)Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are, as I claim, the same thing, only applied for different purposes, it is therefore reasonable to believe that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class, one learns, at the same time, the most important skill a student can possess--critical thinking. This, to my mind, is perhaps the foremost reason for college students to study science, no matter what on&s eventual major, interest, or profession. [436 words]
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Anyone can“think like a scientist”[who learns the scientific method and，most importantly。applies its precepts，(whether he or she is investigating nature or not)]．
(2)[When one uses the methods and principles of scientific thinking in everyday life—such as(when studying history or literature，investigating societies or governments，seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy，or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence)]一one is said to be practicing critical thinking．
(3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful。But the qualifications for success in other profes—sions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinkin9，fl fact[that is the source of much confusion，discord， and unhappiness in our society]．
(4)The important point is this：critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college]，Esince (if you master its skills)，you know(how to think successfully and reach reliable conclu— sions)，andsuch ability will prove valuablein any human endeavor，including the humanities，social sciences。commerce，law，journalism，and government，fls well as in scholarly and scientific pursuits]．
(5)[Since critical thinking and scientific thinking are，as I claim，the same thing，(only applied for different purposes)]，it is therefore reasonable[to believe(that if one learns scientific thinking in a science class)，one learns，at the same time，the most important skill(a student can possess)一critical thinking]]． 全文翻譯
如果一個人應用科學方法研究自然或者宇宙，那么他就是在應用科學思維。當然，所有的科學家都在應用科學思維，因為他們正在積極地應用科學方法研究自然和宇宙。但是，科學思維并不僅僅是科學家所獨有。(1)任何人，無論是否研究自然界，只要學習科學方法，更重要的是，應用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學家一樣思維”。(2)一個人在每日生活中，比如，學習歷史或文學時，研究社會或政府管理時，尋求解決經(jīng)濟學或哲學問題時，或者只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個人問題時，應用了科學思想方法和原則，就可以說，他在進行嚴謹?shù)乃季S。嚴謹思維對于一個人而言，是指能成功找到問題的佳答案，為難題尋找佳解決方案的思維。換言之，嚴謹思維為你生活和社會的各個方面提供可靠的知識，并不限于正式的自然科學研究。
如同任何科學家一樣，人文學科、社會學科、法學、商業(yè)以及傳媒學科中部分人士也使用嚴謹思維，不過，也有許多人不使用。(3)科學家的思維必須嚴謹才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴謹思維能力。這個事實是造成社會中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
科學方法已經(jīng)被證明是人類歷可靠和成功的思維方法，在人類的其他事業(yè)中也可能利用科學思維。出于這種考慮，全美國的學校都在教授嚴謹思維，而且把教授嚴謹思維看做普遍理想來提倡。(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴謹思維是學生在學校中能夠?qū)W會的重要技能。因為，如果你掌握了這種技能，你就知道如何正確思考問題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學術(shù)和科學研究領域，而且在人類活動的任何領域，包括人文學科、社會科學、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。(5)正如我所說，嚴謹思維和科學思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問題。因此，有理由認為，如果一個人在科學課上學會了科學思維，那么，與此同時，也就學會了一個學生應該具備的重要技能——嚴謹思維能力。在我看來，不管自己的專業(yè)、興趣或者職業(yè)如何，這一點也許是大學生學習科學的主要原因。
【參考譯文】
(1)任何人，無論是否研究自然界，只要學習科學方法，更重要的是，應用其規(guī)則，都能“像科學家一樣思維”。
(2)一個人在每日生活中，比如，學習歷史或文學時，研究社會或政府管理時，尋求解決經(jīng)濟學或哲學問題時，或者 只是試圖回答有關(guān)自己或人生意義等個人問題時，應用了科學思想方法和原則，就可以說，他在進行嚴謹?shù)?思維。
(3)科學家的思維必須嚴謹才能取得成功。但是，在其他行業(yè)取得成功并不一定要求具備嚴謹思維能力。這個事 實是造成社會中許多混亂、分歧和煩惱的根源。
(4)關(guān)鍵在于：嚴謹思維是學生在學校中能夠?qū)W會的重要技能。因為，如果你掌握了這種技能，你就知道如何正 確思考問題并得出可靠結(jié)論；這種能力不僅在學術(shù)和科學研究領域，而且在人類活動的任何領域，包括人文學 科、社會科學、商業(yè)、法律、新聞，以及政府管理等，都極其寶貴。
(5)正如我所說，嚴謹思維和科學思維是同一回事，只是用于解決不同問題。因此，有理由認為，如果一個人在科學 課上學會了科學思維，那么，與此同時，也就學會了一個學生應該具備的重要技能——嚴謹思維能力。
超綱詞匯
Jurisprudence n．法學，法理學
discord n．不一致，分歧；爭論