Astronaut
U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit (MMU) outside the Challenger in 1984. Picture courtesy NASA
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航天員，意思是“太空航行者”，指到太空旅行的人，或以此為職業(yè)的人。確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以誰完成人類宇宙飛行而變化。在美國，以旅行高度超過海拔80公里（50英里）的人被稱為宇航員（astronaut）。國際航空聯(lián)合會（FAI）定義的宇宙飛行則需超過100公里。到2004年4月18日為止，按照美國的定義共計440人，在太空里度過了一共27,082個全體乘員天（crew-day，美國的定義），在太空中散步共享了98個全體乘員天。在國際航空聯(lián)合會的定義下，只有434人符合資格。進(jìn)入太空的宇航員來自至少32個國家。在香港及東南亞，航天員亦稱太空人。
An astronaut, cosmonaut (космонавт), spationaut or taikonaut (taikongren, 太空人) is a person who travels into space, or who makes a career of doing so. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary (see edge of space). In the United States, people who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (approximately 80 kilometers) are designated as astronauts. The FAI defines spaceflight as over 100 km (approximately 62 miles). As of October 12, 2005, a total of 448 humans have reached space according to the U.S. definition, 442 people qualify under the FAI definition, while 438 people have reached Earth orbit or beyond. These individuals have spent over 28,000 crew-days (or a cumulative total of 76.7 years) in space including over 100 crew-days of spacewalks. A person who has traveled in space is said to hold astronaut wings. Astronauts from at least 34 countries have gone into space.
U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit (MMU) outside the Challenger in 1984. Picture courtesy NASA
閱讀提示
航天員，意思是“太空航行者”，指到太空旅行的人，或以此為職業(yè)的人。確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以誰完成人類宇宙飛行而變化。在美國，以旅行高度超過海拔80公里（50英里）的人被稱為宇航員（astronaut）。國際航空聯(lián)合會（FAI）定義的宇宙飛行則需超過100公里。到2004年4月18日為止，按照美國的定義共計440人，在太空里度過了一共27,082個全體乘員天（crew-day，美國的定義），在太空中散步共享了98個全體乘員天。在國際航空聯(lián)合會的定義下，只有434人符合資格。進(jìn)入太空的宇航員來自至少32個國家。在香港及東南亞，航天員亦稱太空人。
An astronaut, cosmonaut (космонавт), spationaut or taikonaut (taikongren, 太空人) is a person who travels into space, or who makes a career of doing so. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary (see edge of space). In the United States, people who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (approximately 80 kilometers) are designated as astronauts. The FAI defines spaceflight as over 100 km (approximately 62 miles). As of October 12, 2005, a total of 448 humans have reached space according to the U.S. definition, 442 people qualify under the FAI definition, while 438 people have reached Earth orbit or beyond. These individuals have spent over 28,000 crew-days (or a cumulative total of 76.7 years) in space including over 100 crew-days of spacewalks. A person who has traveled in space is said to hold astronaut wings. Astronauts from at least 34 countries have gone into space.