閱讀材料的分類：
1.定義+解釋——多層例證
2.新發(fā)現(xiàn)+三點(diǎn)證據(jù)、理論
3.問題 + 解決方案 + 理由
4.歷史現(xiàn)象+原因分析
5.事物、現(xiàn)象+ 利弊分析
6.打分偏高（inflation of marks）
reading
例題： 老師給學(xué)生打的分?jǐn)?shù)越來越高
閱讀主要內(nèi)容
1.分?jǐn)?shù)打得低會減低學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)意志
2.會影響教師自己的測評結(jié)果
3.因?yàn)閯e的老師給的成績高，如果不跟著給高分，學(xué)生出去找工作會吃虧
lecture
解決方案www.Ｅxamda.CoM
1.應(yīng)從小灌輸正確的學(xué)習(xí)觀念，不應(yīng)因一次小失利而喪失信心
2.教師的評測可以改在學(xué)期結(jié)束前進(jìn)行，這樣學(xué)生的成績就不會影響到評測結(jié)果
3.企業(yè)在選拔人才時(shí)可以看學(xué)生在班級中的排名而不是單純的成績
例文：來源：www.examda.com
第一段：
概括雙方論點(diǎn)，構(gòu)成第一次相關(guān)
語言和用此要考究，但是絕對不要使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)模板
The inflation in college grading is said to be positive in reading. But the lecturer 反駁？this assertion after providing …
表達(dá)反駁的詞語
1.Gainsay her claims by…
2.Do not grant or concede or acknowledge that…
3.Refuse to accept as true
4.A refusal to accept as positive
5.Contradicts that…
6.Disaffirm
7.Assail
8.Resist
9.Impugn
10.Refute
11.Disprove來源：www.examda.com
12.Confound——不能隨意使用
13.Rebut： to contradict or oppose by formal legal argument, plea, or countervailing proof b : to expose the falsity of : REFUTE
14.一個(gè)學(xué)生的段落分析：
The speaker challenges the reasoning that supports the current inflation in college grading system, and provides very specific alternatives to teacher evaluation timing and employer methodology in judging a student.
改寫：
第二段：
告訴讀者聽力中的第一次反駁
1.反駁的點(diǎn)在哪里？What?
2.閱讀材料上是怎么說的？what?
3.說話人是如何反駁的？ HOW？
4.你使用定語從句了沒有？
5.你使用狀語從句沒有？
6.你的句子之間有沒有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系？
7.你是怎么表達(dá)這些邏輯關(guān)系的？
8.你試用了那些過渡詞語？
第一個(gè)句子： 說話人直接/坦率地反駁閱讀觀點(diǎn)。
副詞：
1.Straightforwardly
2.Candidly
3.Frankly
4.Unequivocally
5.Pretenselessly
6.Outspokenly來源：考試大
7.Barefacedly
8.Straight-from-the-shoulder
閱讀觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為……但是說話人直接反駁到……
As the reading indicates, it is …for …to do…Nevertheless, the lecturer unequivocally contradicts that…
It is claimed in the reading that…However, the speaker believes that this concept stands on a weak ground.
The lecture completely refutes the passage. It is said in the lecture that... Contrary to the belief in the passage that… the professor says that… are in fact less prone to ... The alarm sentinels give off causes to group to move rashly which draws the predators attention towards them, thus drawing away the attention from the sentinels.
The speaker first argues that the inflated grades will not enable students to truly know their weakness, not to mention improve upon them. According to the reading, low grades will discourage students. The speaker rebuts this point and argues that the true meaning of education is not just to satisfy students. Letting the students make progress is the purpose and inflated grades will not help students in this way. As for the reading's concerns that low grades will adversely affect teachers' evaluation, the speaker offers a solution. By finishing the teachers' evaluation before the end of the semester, we can sever the connections between the students' grades and teachers' evaluations.
Lastly, the speaker argues that the school does not have to follow the trend of inflated grades invariably. The reading argues that if the school does not follow the trend, their students will be discriminated, the lecture says that this problem can be solved by providing a weighted relative score. This score will pinpoint a student's percentile in the whole student body and show the other students' scores, thus allowing employers to clearly position the student among the entire student body。
翻譯練習(xí)：
閱讀文章中認(rèn)為北美印第安人大量死亡的主要原因是歐洲移民入侵時(shí)期為了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益主要是為了獲得土地和資源而對印第安人進(jìn)行大規(guī)模屠殺。但是教授從醫(yī)學(xué)史料和病例分析提出質(zhì)疑。該教授基于人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)死亡率的數(shù)據(jù)，認(rèn)為是印第安人不具備抗體和免疫能力較低導(dǎo)致的死亡。這個(gè)教授列舉了淋病，梅毒等疾病作為證據(jù)。并且應(yīng)用印第安遺骸的DNA證據(jù)來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，反對閱讀觀點(diǎn)。
提示：
massacre.
decimate
shoot.
slaughter.
annihilate.
exterminate.
ruin
put (or do) to death, put to sleep, take one's life
immunity
sexually transmitted diseases
1.定義+解釋——多層例證
2.新發(fā)現(xiàn)+三點(diǎn)證據(jù)、理論
3.問題 + 解決方案 + 理由
4.歷史現(xiàn)象+原因分析
5.事物、現(xiàn)象+ 利弊分析
6.打分偏高（inflation of marks）
reading
例題： 老師給學(xué)生打的分?jǐn)?shù)越來越高
閱讀主要內(nèi)容
1.分?jǐn)?shù)打得低會減低學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)意志
2.會影響教師自己的測評結(jié)果
3.因?yàn)閯e的老師給的成績高，如果不跟著給高分，學(xué)生出去找工作會吃虧
lecture
解決方案www.Ｅxamda.CoM
1.應(yīng)從小灌輸正確的學(xué)習(xí)觀念，不應(yīng)因一次小失利而喪失信心
2.教師的評測可以改在學(xué)期結(jié)束前進(jìn)行，這樣學(xué)生的成績就不會影響到評測結(jié)果
3.企業(yè)在選拔人才時(shí)可以看學(xué)生在班級中的排名而不是單純的成績
例文：來源：www.examda.com
第一段：
概括雙方論點(diǎn)，構(gòu)成第一次相關(guān)
語言和用此要考究，但是絕對不要使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)模板
The inflation in college grading is said to be positive in reading. But the lecturer 反駁？this assertion after providing …
表達(dá)反駁的詞語
1.Gainsay her claims by…
2.Do not grant or concede or acknowledge that…
3.Refuse to accept as true
4.A refusal to accept as positive
5.Contradicts that…
6.Disaffirm
7.Assail
8.Resist
9.Impugn
10.Refute
11.Disprove來源：www.examda.com
12.Confound——不能隨意使用
13.Rebut： to contradict or oppose by formal legal argument, plea, or countervailing proof b : to expose the falsity of : REFUTE
14.一個(gè)學(xué)生的段落分析：
The speaker challenges the reasoning that supports the current inflation in college grading system, and provides very specific alternatives to teacher evaluation timing and employer methodology in judging a student.
改寫：
第二段：
告訴讀者聽力中的第一次反駁
1.反駁的點(diǎn)在哪里？What?
2.閱讀材料上是怎么說的？what?
3.說話人是如何反駁的？ HOW？
4.你使用定語從句了沒有？
5.你使用狀語從句沒有？
6.你的句子之間有沒有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系？
7.你是怎么表達(dá)這些邏輯關(guān)系的？
8.你試用了那些過渡詞語？
第一個(gè)句子： 說話人直接/坦率地反駁閱讀觀點(diǎn)。
副詞：
1.Straightforwardly
2.Candidly
3.Frankly
4.Unequivocally
5.Pretenselessly
6.Outspokenly來源：考試大
7.Barefacedly
8.Straight-from-the-shoulder
閱讀觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為……但是說話人直接反駁到……
As the reading indicates, it is …for …to do…Nevertheless, the lecturer unequivocally contradicts that…
It is claimed in the reading that…However, the speaker believes that this concept stands on a weak ground.
The lecture completely refutes the passage. It is said in the lecture that... Contrary to the belief in the passage that… the professor says that… are in fact less prone to ... The alarm sentinels give off causes to group to move rashly which draws the predators attention towards them, thus drawing away the attention from the sentinels.
The speaker first argues that the inflated grades will not enable students to truly know their weakness, not to mention improve upon them. According to the reading, low grades will discourage students. The speaker rebuts this point and argues that the true meaning of education is not just to satisfy students. Letting the students make progress is the purpose and inflated grades will not help students in this way. As for the reading's concerns that low grades will adversely affect teachers' evaluation, the speaker offers a solution. By finishing the teachers' evaluation before the end of the semester, we can sever the connections between the students' grades and teachers' evaluations.
Lastly, the speaker argues that the school does not have to follow the trend of inflated grades invariably. The reading argues that if the school does not follow the trend, their students will be discriminated, the lecture says that this problem can be solved by providing a weighted relative score. This score will pinpoint a student's percentile in the whole student body and show the other students' scores, thus allowing employers to clearly position the student among the entire student body。
翻譯練習(xí)：
閱讀文章中認(rèn)為北美印第安人大量死亡的主要原因是歐洲移民入侵時(shí)期為了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益主要是為了獲得土地和資源而對印第安人進(jìn)行大規(guī)模屠殺。但是教授從醫(yī)學(xué)史料和病例分析提出質(zhì)疑。該教授基于人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)死亡率的數(shù)據(jù)，認(rèn)為是印第安人不具備抗體和免疫能力較低導(dǎo)致的死亡。這個(gè)教授列舉了淋病，梅毒等疾病作為證據(jù)。并且應(yīng)用印第安遺骸的DNA證據(jù)來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，反對閱讀觀點(diǎn)。
提示：
massacre.
decimate
shoot.
slaughter.
annihilate.
exterminate.
ruin
put (or do) to death, put to sleep, take one's life
immunity
sexually transmitted diseases