英漢翻譯中的詞序錯位60詞

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總的來說,漢英的語序基本一致。正是因為這種語序是基本一致的,在漢英翻譯時不一致的地方就容易出差錯。由于兩種語言文化的表達(dá)、表述的習(xí)慣不同,形成一些固定說法的格式不同,如下面的例子,翻譯時只有死記硬背。這種死記硬背非常重要,是翻譯的重要基本功之一。在過去的翻譯書中技巧講得很多,但也應(yīng)該重視固定說法的背誦功底。
    1、英漢詞序錯位   
    水火 fire and water    
    貧富 rich and poor   
    新舊 old and new    
    長短 short and long    
    細(xì)長 long and thin    
    男嬰 baby boy    
    女嬰 baby girl    
    冷熱 hot and cool    
    涼爽 nice and cool    
    前后 back and forth    
    左右 right and left    
    軟硬 hard and soft    
    輕重 heavy and light    
    晴雨 rain or shine    
    增損 loss and gain    
    水陸 land and water    
    飲食 food and drink    
    鋼鐵 iron and steel    
    死活 life and death    
    手臂 arms and hands  
    河流湖泊 lakes and rivers    
    山水 waters and mountains    
    科學(xué)技術(shù) art and science    
    中小型 small and medium    
    文藝 art and literature    
    衣食 food and clothing    
    的 one and the only    
    同一的 one and the same    
    血肉 flesh and blood    
    此時此地 here and now    
    文武 military and civilian    
    三三兩兩 in twos and threes    
    敵我 ourselves and the enemy    
    物理化學(xué) chemistry and physics    
    工農(nóng)業(yè) agriculture and industry    
    年月 month and year,time and tide    
    田徑(運動) track and field (events)    
    遲早 sooner or later,first and last    
    水土流失 soil erosion and water loss    
    新郎 新娘 the bride and the bridegroom    
    手疾眼快 quick of eye and deft of hand    
    喜怒哀樂 anger, grief, joy and happiness    
    水乳交融 as well blended as milk and water
    2、有一些情況漢英說法順序差不多  如:   
    上下 up and down    
    高低 high and low    
    老幼 old and young    
    父母 father and mother    
    夫婦 man and wife    
    黑白 black and white    
    (生活)沉浮 ups and downs    
    徹頭徹尾 from head to foot    
    來龍去脈 from beginning to end    
    來來往往 come and go, back and forth
    3、漢語習(xí)語中常有同義重復(fù)表達(dá)。如“徘徊”、“回環(huán)”、“溫暖”、“思想”、“道路”等,英語中也有這種結(jié)構(gòu)  如:   
    time and tide 歲月   
    wear and tear 磨損   
    near and dear 親近   
    lord and master 主人   
    wants and likes 喜好   
    the rank and file 百姓   
    (or,rank-and-filer)