(九)構(gòu)詞法
1.概念及種類:
英語單詞的構(gòu)成有一定的規(guī)律,這些規(guī)律叫構(gòu)詞法。主要有四種:合成、轉(zhuǎn)化、派生和縮略。常見的是前三種。見下圖。
種類
構(gòu)成方法
例詞
合成
由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成為一個(gè)詞
Classroom,newspaper,blackboard
Schoolmate,newly-born,hard-working
轉(zhuǎn)化
由一詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞類
taste,answer,back,hand,empty
派生
在詞根上加前綴或后綴
care,careful,carefully
careless carelessness carelessly
2.高中階段主要構(gòu)詞方法歸納:派生法和合成法
(1)派生法
①常用前綴
表“否定”
un-
unfair unable unlikely
in-
impossible incapable
dis-
discover disagree dislike dishonest
表“重復(fù)”
re-
rewrite retell repeat reconsider
②常用后綴
類型
加法
后綴意義
例詞
名
詞
后
綴
-er/or
-tion
-ese
-ist
-ing
-ment
-ness
-ian
“動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者”
變成了名詞
“…地方的人”
“人”
名詞化
名詞化
變?yōu)槊~
變?yōu)椤啊娜恕?BR> teacher visitor inventor
organization congratulation invention
Chinese Japanese
pianist scientist violinist
living greeting wedding
movement treatment
happiness illness sickness carelessness
Australian
動(dòng)
詞
后
綴
-ify
-ice
-ise
-en
使…變…
beautify
realise organise
sacrifice
lengthen strengthen
形
容
詞
后
綴
-able
-ful
-y
-ive
-al
-an
可…的,能…的
充滿…的
帶有…的
有…特征的
屬于…的
…的
suitable comfortable movable
beautiful careful useful
sunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,salty
active,instructive
musical medical physical
American European Australian
-ly
副詞后綴
carefully really certainly
數(shù)
詞
后
綴
-teen
表“十三至十九”
fourteen fifteen nineteen
-ty
表“二十、三十…七十”
forty sixty eighty
-th
表“第幾”
fourth sixtieth ninth
(2)合成法:
police+man=policeman play+ground=playground
birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon
hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere
bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere
hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere
grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however
what+ever=whatever
1.概念及種類:
英語單詞的構(gòu)成有一定的規(guī)律,這些規(guī)律叫構(gòu)詞法。主要有四種:合成、轉(zhuǎn)化、派生和縮略。常見的是前三種。見下圖。
種類
構(gòu)成方法
例詞
合成
由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成為一個(gè)詞
Classroom,newspaper,blackboard
Schoolmate,newly-born,hard-working
轉(zhuǎn)化
由一詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞類
taste,answer,back,hand,empty
派生
在詞根上加前綴或后綴
care,careful,carefully
careless carelessness carelessly
2.高中階段主要構(gòu)詞方法歸納:派生法和合成法
(1)派生法
①常用前綴
表“否定”
un-
unfair unable unlikely
in-
impossible incapable
dis-
discover disagree dislike dishonest
表“重復(fù)”
re-
rewrite retell repeat reconsider
②常用后綴
類型
加法
后綴意義
例詞
名
詞
后
綴
-er/or
-tion
-ese
-ist
-ing
-ment
-ness
-ian
“動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者”
變成了名詞
“…地方的人”
“人”
名詞化
名詞化
變?yōu)槊~
變?yōu)椤啊娜恕?BR> teacher visitor inventor
organization congratulation invention
Chinese Japanese
pianist scientist violinist
living greeting wedding
movement treatment
happiness illness sickness carelessness
Australian
動(dòng)
詞
后
綴
-ify
-ice
-ise
-en
使…變…
beautify
realise organise
sacrifice
lengthen strengthen
形
容
詞
后
綴
-able
-ful
-y
-ive
-al
-an
可…的,能…的
充滿…的
帶有…的
有…特征的
屬于…的
…的
suitable comfortable movable
beautiful careful useful
sunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,salty
active,instructive
musical medical physical
American European Australian
-ly
副詞后綴
carefully really certainly
數(shù)
詞
后
綴
-teen
表“十三至十九”
fourteen fifteen nineteen
-ty
表“二十、三十…七十”
forty sixty eighty
-th
表“第幾”
fourth sixtieth ninth
(2)合成法:
police+man=policeman play+ground=playground
birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon
hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere
bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere
hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere
grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however
what+ever=whatever