(六)形容詞、副詞
1.形容詞修飾名詞/代詞;副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或整個句子,在句中可充當定語、狀語、補語、表語。
序號
功用
詞類
位置用法
例詞/例句
1
定語
形容詞
在中心詞前
He’s a small Japanese boy.
副詞
在中心詞后
I’ve got used to the life here.
2
狀語
形容詞
句首/中,表原因/時間
句末/中,表伴隨/結(jié)果
Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest.
He lay in bed, awake.
副詞
在被修飾詞前、后修飾全句,位置靈活
You are quite right.
Sometimes he goes to school on foot.
3
表語
形容詞
副詞
系動詞后
He is tired.
They are out.
4
補語
形容詞
作主補在謂語后
作賓補在賓語后
The little boy was found dead.
He find it very useful.
副詞
作主補在謂語后
作賓補在賓語后
She was seen out.
Let me show you out.
注意:
(1)the/these/those+形容詞表示一類人/物;成對的形容詞這樣用時可省去the。
The rich are not always happy.
High and low all like this flower.
(2)“enough足夠的”作定語時既可放在中心詞前也可放在中心詞后;但作副詞時只能后置。
We have enough food to eat.
We have food enough to eat.
It’s warm enough.
(3)許多以前綴a-構(gòu)成的形容詞常作后置定語,這樣的形容詞有:awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。
It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
(4)形容詞修飾由some/any/no/every與one/body/thing構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時,要后置。
I have something important to tell you.
(5)形容詞(與其他詞組/語構(gòu)成的)短語作定語時要后置。
English is a language difficult to master.
(6)幾個副詞作狀語并列時,位置一般按方式→地點→時間順序排列。
He came here by air yesterday.
(7)幾個形容詞并列作表語時,并列的詞之間用逗號隔開,最后兩個詞之間用and(but/yet)等連接,并列詞的先后順序較靈活(有時將強調(diào)的詞放在最后)。
He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容詞、副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成及形式:
規(guī)
則
變
化
構(gòu) 成
形 式
原級
比較級
級
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er, -ow, -le, -y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞
一般
tall
加-er
taller
加-est
tallest
以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾
noble
加-r
nobler
加-st
noblest
以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)
wet
big
雙寫最后輔音字母再加-er
wetter
bigger
雙寫最后輔音字母再加-est
wettest
biggest
輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞
easy
heavy
改y為i再加-er
easier
heavier
改y為i再加-est
easiest
heaviest
多音節(jié)詞,多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及部分加-ly等變來或由分詞變來的詞
delicious
slowly
tired
tiresome
詞前加more
more delicious
more slowly
more tired
more tiresome
詞前加most
most delicious
most slowly
most tired
most tiresome
不
規(guī)
則
變
化
good
well
better
best
bad/ill
badly
worse
worst
many
much
more
most
little
less
least
old
elder
eldest
older
oldest
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
late
later
latest
latter
last
注意:
(1)形容詞級前要用the,而副詞級前的the可省。
(2)下面這些詞的比較等級可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most構(gòu)成。
cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc
1.形容詞修飾名詞/代詞;副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或整個句子,在句中可充當定語、狀語、補語、表語。
序號
功用
詞類
位置用法
例詞/例句
1
定語
形容詞
在中心詞前
He’s a small Japanese boy.
副詞
在中心詞后
I’ve got used to the life here.
2
狀語
形容詞
句首/中,表原因/時間
句末/中,表伴隨/結(jié)果
Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest.
He lay in bed, awake.
副詞
在被修飾詞前、后修飾全句,位置靈活
You are quite right.
Sometimes he goes to school on foot.
3
表語
形容詞
副詞
系動詞后
He is tired.
They are out.
4
補語
形容詞
作主補在謂語后
作賓補在賓語后
The little boy was found dead.
He find it very useful.
副詞
作主補在謂語后
作賓補在賓語后
She was seen out.
Let me show you out.
注意:
(1)the/these/those+形容詞表示一類人/物;成對的形容詞這樣用時可省去the。
The rich are not always happy.
High and low all like this flower.
(2)“enough足夠的”作定語時既可放在中心詞前也可放在中心詞后;但作副詞時只能后置。
We have enough food to eat.
We have food enough to eat.
It’s warm enough.
(3)許多以前綴a-構(gòu)成的形容詞常作后置定語,這樣的形容詞有:awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。
It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
(4)形容詞修飾由some/any/no/every與one/body/thing構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時,要后置。
I have something important to tell you.
(5)形容詞(與其他詞組/語構(gòu)成的)短語作定語時要后置。
English is a language difficult to master.
(6)幾個副詞作狀語并列時,位置一般按方式→地點→時間順序排列。
He came here by air yesterday.
(7)幾個形容詞并列作表語時,并列的詞之間用逗號隔開,最后兩個詞之間用and(but/yet)等連接,并列詞的先后順序較靈活(有時將強調(diào)的詞放在最后)。
He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容詞、副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成及形式:
規(guī)
則
變
化
構(gòu) 成
形 式
原級
比較級
級
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er, -ow, -le, -y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞
一般
tall
加-er
taller
加-est
tallest
以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾
noble
加-r
nobler
加-st
noblest
以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)
wet
big
雙寫最后輔音字母再加-er
wetter
bigger
雙寫最后輔音字母再加-est
wettest
biggest
輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞
easy
heavy
改y為i再加-er
easier
heavier
改y為i再加-est
easiest
heaviest
多音節(jié)詞,多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及部分加-ly等變來或由分詞變來的詞
delicious
slowly
tired
tiresome
詞前加more
more delicious
more slowly
more tired
more tiresome
詞前加most
most delicious
most slowly
most tired
most tiresome
不
規(guī)
則
變
化
good
well
better
best
bad/ill
badly
worse
worst
many
much
more
most
little
less
least
old
elder
eldest
older
oldest
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
late
later
latest
latter
last
注意:
(1)形容詞級前要用the,而副詞級前的the可省。
(2)下面這些詞的比較等級可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most構(gòu)成。
cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc