成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)同義詞解析二

字號(hào):

elevate 一般具有l(wèi)ift和raise的含義,但elevate 常用于抽象概念的提高,如“提高文學(xué)鑒賞力”,“提高情操”等
    Good reading elerates the mind.
    讀好書可以提高情操。
    hoist 尤指“以機(jī)械提升重物”
    The cargo was soon hoisted into the ship.
    貸物很快就被吊進(jìn)船艙。
    change,alter,vary,modify這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“改變”或“變化”。
    change 是通用詞,它有兩層基本含義:“變”和“換”?!白儭笨梢灾负驮瓉?lái)的樣子或性質(zhì)稍有不同,也可以指有本質(zhì)的差異。
    At first,she decided to go to the police,but fearing that she would never see Rastus again-the letter had made that quite clear-she changed her mind.
    起初,她決定去警察局,但是她由于擔(dān)心再也見不到拉斯特斯了-那封信說(shuō)得相當(dāng)清楚-她改變了主意。
    He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.
    然后他換上工裝褲,作為清潔工人度過(guò)接下去的八小時(shí)。
    alter 所表示的“改變”只是細(xì)節(jié)的,或外表的變化,并不表示本質(zhì)的改變。如:把一件衣服改小一些或只把衣袖稍放肥一些,但衣服的式樣仍然不變,這時(shí)用alter便很確當(dāng)
    He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be alltered.
    他可以溫和地指責(zé)一個(gè)官員,或者甚至建議議會(huì)修改法律條款。
    vary 一般表示轉(zhuǎn)換、變易、增生所致的“變化”或“不同”
    The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
    他所采取的行動(dòng),根據(jù)怨言的性質(zhì),而有所不同。
    modify 主要用來(lái)表示有局限性的“改變”,當(dāng)用于事物時(shí),它所表示的“改變”,在程度上要大于 alter, 在用于人的態(tài)度時(shí),它僅僅表示略加修飾,并不含有很大的變化
    The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.
    工業(yè)革命變革了英國(guó)的整個(gè)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
    change alter vary
    都含“改變”的意思 .
    change 指“使改變得與原物完全不同”或“使發(fā)生以新代舊的變化”,如:
    The appearance of the town is quite changed.
    這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的外觀變化頗大。
    alter 指“局部的、外表的變化, 但特點(diǎn)不變”, 如:
    This coat should be altered.
    這件外套應(yīng)該改改。
    vary 指“不規(guī)則或連續(xù)地改變”, 如:
    Customs vary with the times.
    習(xí)俗隨時(shí)代而異。
    keep retain withhold reserve
    都含“保持”、“保存”的意思。
    keep 系常用詞, 指“使繼續(xù)下去”“使較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期地置于不脫離控制、掌握、照料或變化之下”, 如:
    keep the room clean.
    保持室內(nèi)清潔。
    retain 較正式, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)保持”, 特指“保持使不失去或被奪走”, 如:
    He has managed to retain most of his fortune.
    他設(shè)法保存了他的大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)。
    withhold 強(qiáng)調(diào)“保留”、“隱匿”, 指“阻止其離去或泄漏”, 如:
    Fear made him withhold the truth.
    恐懼使他不敢說(shuō)實(shí)話。
    reserve 指“為一目的保持, 或保存一段時(shí)間”, 如:
    A great future is reserved for you.
    光明的前程在等待著你。
    remain stay
    都指“繼續(xù)停留”或“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)、關(guān)系或行動(dòng)?!?BR>    remain ??膳cstay 互換, 但它強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)停留于一處或保持原狀態(tài)、情況性質(zhì)而不改變”, 如:
    This place remains cool all summer.
    這個(gè)地方整個(gè)夏天都涼爽。
    stay強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人[物]繼續(xù)留在原地而不離開”, 如:
    He stayed to see the end of the game.
    他一直呆到比賽結(jié)束
    ability, capacity, faculty, talent, skill, competence, aptitude
    These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.
    這些名詞都表示某人具有取得進(jìn)步或成功的素質(zhì)。
    Ability is the power, mental or physical, to do something:
    Ability 是指智力或體力上具有做某事的能力:
    “To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient”
    (Ihara Saikaku)。
    “要致富,光靠能力是不夠的,還得看機(jī)遇” (伊哈拉。塞科古)。
    Capacity refers to an innate potential for growth, development, or accomplishment:
    Capacity 指天賦的,如生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展或成功的潛力:
    “Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired” (Plautus)。
    “智慧的獲得是依靠才能而不是年齡” (普洛提斯)。
    Faculty denotes an inherent power or ability:
    Faculty 指內(nèi)在的力量或能力:
    An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.
    能無(wú)誤地看出偽善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。
    Talent emphasizes inborn ability, especially in the arts:
    Talent 強(qiáng)調(diào)天生的才能,尤其是在藝術(shù)方面:
    “There is no substitute for talent. Industry and all the virtues are of no avail”
    (Aldous Huxley)。
    “勤奮及其他的品質(zhì)都不能彌補(bǔ)天分的不足” (阿爾多斯。赫胥黎)。
    Skill stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience:
    Skill 強(qiáng)調(diào)由經(jīng)驗(yàn)而獲得或發(fā)展的能力:
    “The intellect, character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received”
    (Edward L. Thorndike)。
    “任何人的知識(shí)、性格和能力都是由起初的興趣加上后來(lái)接受的訓(xùn)練而得到的?!?(愛(ài)德華L.桑戴克)。
    Competence suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well:
    Competence 指能做到使人滿意但并不一定特別出眾的能力:
    The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.
    小提琴家所演奏的協(xié)奏曲毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是出色的,但是缺乏想像力。