PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
The World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid is passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. Its scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billion a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important changes have taken place in the size of the bank's operations and in the emphasis of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank's loan program. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includes hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, which are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank's affiliate-the International Development Association.
In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take into account the population explosion which is occurring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. Unfortunately, wide-ranging country section programs do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a link between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fertility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services, by introducing better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income distribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lend ing strategy, where previously it concentrated on the big infrastructure project s, such as dams, roads and bridges. It begun to switch to projects which directly improve the basic services of the country. There was a shift, if you like, from building dams to digging water holes to provide clear water.
A second reason for the change of approach was that the bank has learned a big lesson from projects financed in the 1960s. Many of its major capital investment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they created much employment. The project did not have the trigger-down effect they have in industrialized countries. Instead the huge dams, steel-mills, and so on were left as monuments to themselves. This redirection of its lending has meant that the bank has tended to support labour intensive activities, rather than capita l intensive ones. Both rural and urban areas, there is a better chance in the first case, that its funds will benefit the bottom 40% of the country's population.
The bank is also looking for ways of stimulating the growth of the small businesses in many developing countries since this would create employment opportunities for people with lower incomes. Being such a big, obvious target, the bank has often come under fire. For example, its officials have been taken to task for u sing Concord supersonic aircraft so frequently, about 500 times in one year. Also, the large growth of the organization's personnel has not pleased some critic s . A more substantial criticism has concerned the bank's policy of setting annual target for lending to specified countries. This could lead to the deterioration in quality of loans, some say. One former bank official has said, rather than encourage growth for its own sake, the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of a financial deal-maker, combining official wit h the private resources for specific purposes.
Finally, some people maintain that the impact of the projects funded by the bank has been modest. When one looks around the world at regions or countries that have successfully transformed to industrial status, it seems that one should be aware of over-estimating the bank's impact. Take Hong Kong for example. Its changes have come about as a result of trade offensive. The purpose has been to flood western market with low price goods made by capitalist methods of production. The example seems to indicate that some regions can prosper without the bank's aid as well.
SECTION B CONVERSATION
W: Well, it seems quite common actually. A lot of people in Australia no w are travelling and taking time off. And when I was actually travelling, I met so many people doing the same thing.
M: Yeah, yeah, so where did you start off?
W: Well, I went to New Zealand first. Eh, and got a job in a computer company as a secretary. And I worked there for 4 months.
M: Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it's possible for anyone to get a j ob in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander?
W: No, not everybody, only Australians and New Zealanders can exchange either. Y ou know you can work in either country.'
M: Right, yeah.
W: So that was easy. So I worked there for 4 months and raised enough money for the rest of travels really. So from there I went to Indonesia, and travelled around the different islands around Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China , Nepal and India.
M: What about Indonesia? What did you do? Did you fly mostly between the Islands?
W: Eh, I did a bit of that, and boats, mainly local boats between the Islands.
M: What about Singapore? People said it's very very modern. But because it is s o modern, it's rather boring. Did you find that?
W: Well, it's difficult to say really. It has different attractions. You know t h e Chinese, Malay, and Hindu communities are there. Each has his own culture and custom, very different from the others. And it's a great big shopping center an d I really enjoy it from that point of view. And it was very clean.
M: And after, you said you went what, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and then China? That's a great country to travel in, isn't it?
W: Eh, it was. Yeah, it was fabulous. It really was. You have been there then?
M: No, I haven't. No, I mean it's very big. What did you do?
W: Yeah. Well, I had only one month to travel in China, and that was too short f or such a vast country as China. I felt I didn't have enough time, so I sacrifced a lot of places and did the main tourist throughout really. I went to Beijing, the capital, Kaifeng, Yinchuan, and Tibet.
M: Well, how exciting! You said after Beijing, you went to?
W: That was Kaifeng in central China's Henan province. It's a charming city, and has got a lot to look around, like temples and pagodas, very traditional.
M: Eh, eh.
W: What fascinated me when I was there was that some Jews went to live in Kaifen g many years ago. As early as 16th century, there were Jewish families there. They have their synagogue and five books of Masses. Even today several hundred descendants of the original Jews still live in Kaifeng.
M: Really, I've never heard of that. And where did you go after Kaifeng?
W: I went to northwest to Yinchuan, the provincial city of Ningxia Hui autonomous region.
M: Is this the place where there always is a shortage of water?
W: No, no, on the contrary, it has got abundant supply of water, because it is n ear the Yellow River. In this sense, Yinchuan has a favorable geographical posit on in otherwise harsh surroundings.
M: What did you see there then?
W: Ningxia was once the capital of Western Xia during the 11th century. So outside Yinchuan, you can still see the Western Xia mausoleum, where the Kings and t heir Kingdoms were buried. The tombs were scattered in a pretty big area at the foot of the Henan Mountain, and inside the city there are famous mosques in the architectural style of Middle East. It's really a place worth visiting. You got to know something about Chinese Moslems.
M: And that sounds really interesting. Where did you travel after that?
W: I was lucky enough to get into Tibet, and that was brilliant.
M: Yeah. What was the most interesting place you visited, do you think?
W: Well, I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I've never been anywhere so different. The people there are wonderful, the clothes .they w ear, the food they eat.
M: And you said you went to Nepal as well?
W: Yeah, eh, that's a sort of easier passion of Tibetans really and there are a lot of Tibetans——there as well as other tribes and Nepalese, so that was good because I went trekking in Nepal, you should do that.
M: How long did you trek for?
W: Oh, I only did a short one, only for a week. I was lazy.
M: Was it very tiring?
W: No, it wasn't actually. I mean you just set your own pace, and don't pace y ourselves too hard, that was a stupid thing to do. Eh, you don't have to walk very far, so that was great.
M: So how did you feel after all this travelling? How did you feel to stop travelling? I mean you were on the move alone for months and months ,and suddenly you're here ,and not traveling any more. How does it feel?
W: I was ready to stop anyway. You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, and washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for longer than two days. And since I was ready to stop, I don't think I could keep doing it. I mean I've met people who've been travelling for 2 or 3 years. I couldn't do it.
M: Yeah, yeah. Maybe it's something I should try after this.
W: I think you really should.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1(For Questions 11-12)
Mike Tyson could sign a deal by Friday to face either Germany's Axo Shos or Denmark's Brian Nielsen here on August 21 in the heavy weight's first fight since his release from jail. The former World Heavy Weight champion was released on Monday after 4 months behind bars for an assault in the wake of a traffic accident last August. His deal with Showtime makes an August come back likely. "August 21st is certainly a day we're looking at," Showtime board director, James Lock en s said, "Hopefully in the next few days we'll have something concrete". Nevada boxing officials revoked Tyson's license for more than a year after he bit Evander Holyfield's ear off in June 1997. But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn't expire until the end of the year. That came before the assault charge had been heard, and with the victim's support.
News Item 2(For Question 13)
The United States has begun to review Russians documents about the life and death of former president John F. Kennedy, and is expected to release them once the review is complete, the White House said on Monday. The documents which the Russians gave the United States on Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for several years before he returned to the United States, and was arrested for killing t he former president on November 22, 1963. Russian President Boris Yeltsin surprised US president Bill Clinton on Sunday when he turned over what was described a s the result of exhaustive search of Russian government, military and private archives for papers about Kennedy and his assassination.
News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)
Hong Kong's unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3% in the past 3 months, as business conditions have improved in the last month Figures indicate that from March to May this year, the size of the labor force was provisionally at 3,469,000, while the number of the unemployed people stood at 216,000. The number of cases of insolvency, sensational businesses and retrenchment, and numbers of workers affected these cases as recorded by the Labor Department have shown a declining trend in recent months. From March to May 1999, 78 such cases involving 3,882 workers were recorded as compared 93 cases affecting 5,220 workers for the 3 months from December 1998 to February 1999. Figures for the period from March to May 1999 when compared with those from February to April 1999 show an increase in the unemployment rate, mainly in renovation, maintenance, whole sale, and retail and transport sectors, which offset the decrease in construction, import and export and financing sectors
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
The Press Conference
Press conferences are an all too familiar phenomena around us. However, when people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to think of any that press conference provides for the competent news reporter. Use of the press conference by public officials and private entrepreneurs help give rise to the phrase "pseudo-event", and the event contrived to create news cove rage, where none has considered wanted.
However, having said that, one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event. And perhaps this is reasoned enough to continue the practice. At a press conference, a public official supposedly submits to examination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that press conference offers an opportunity to get the public official on the record, with regard to the government policies. Statements from the press conference can serve as criteria against subsequent statements and policies are measured. In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point, more so than comments reported by single news medium. Also, when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new government program, an earthquake, or the nomination of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest. The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format.
Now let's move on to the disadvantages. And there are serious ones. Generally speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for t he reporters to get worthwhile information. At press conference, particularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get asked question and certainly is unlikely to have chance to ask follow-up questions. Another disadvantage in the press conference comes from the news source, that is, the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up question and rephrase tough questions t o his or her liking, and sets the time, place and duration of the interview. Press conferences televise live for the news audience, sometimes only highlights the disadvantages for the news reporters since there is little or no time to challenge, clarify or place context materials provided by the news source. Despite these disadvantages and others inherent how reporters get information, t he dews reporter can help assure the worthwhile information from a news source in share with the news audience. One way to reduce the likely heard of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing by telephone, in person, and press conferences as well as multiple sources, common to the success of these approaches, how ever, are such interrelated ingredient as the preparation of the news reporter, the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked.
Let's look at the preparation first. The nature of much news coverage requires news reporters to be well-read on contemporary events. Like other professionals and craftsmen, the reporter must keep up to date on journalistic subject matter, that is the human condition. Although the subject is broad, it offers the advantages that there is a little a reporter can read or witness. That will not help in covering the news at one time or another. Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought to the competence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sources would benefit the news audience more, if reporters would frequently ask themselves: What is this news resource competent to talk about? What can this person tell the news audience that few others can? Towards the caution regarding the issue of competence, first, the reporter should not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source should know, does know, and can provide information. Second, the competence of t he news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods. Let's just spend a few minutes on the first point. There are generally 4 conditions under which the reporter should not give prints to the news source information. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the source may have the information and want to share it, but may lack the verbal skills or concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not to want to share it, or worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, t he source may be willing to share this information but unable to recall it.
Now in addition to preparation of the reporter and competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is, he nature of questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of the question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like "Are you for market economy" may lead to the respondent saying virtually anything, and s till being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately as possible, reporters can improve the question in the following 5 ways. Firstly, avoid words wit h double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify the time, pl ace and context you want the respondent to assume, and number 4, it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondent's own immediate and recent experience rather than in generalities. Finally, either make explicit all the alternative the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make non e of them explicit. Do not leave the news resource by suggesting a desired answer and not mentioning other alternatives.
OK, to sum up, today's lecture has covered some of the advantages and disadvantages of the press conference, and three important factors and successful news coverage. In our next lecture, we will continue to discuss how to become a competent news reporter.
答案與詳解
PAPER ONE
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
1.答案：A
【問句譯文】世界銀行運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)變大系統(tǒng)的變化指的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】解答本題的關(guān)鍵句是"What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank's loan program."由此可知，選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
2.答案：C
【問句譯文】是什么使得銀行改變其借貸政策？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】錄音在提及銀行借貸政策的改變時(shí)說"Thus by improving basic health services, by introducing better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting m ore even income distribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advancing thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lending strategy．"這里提到了一些改變貧窮國家現(xiàn)狀的措施，由"a lower and more acceptable"可知，從根本上促使政策改革的原因應(yīng)為選項(xiàng)C。
3.答案：Ｄ
【問句譯文】銀行借貸政策重點(diǎn)的變化意味者銀行將會怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】在提到投資對象時(shí)，談話者說"Many of its major capital investment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they created much employment."因此銀行決定加大對勞動密集型活動的援助，故答案選D。
4.答案：D
【問句譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)不是對銀行的批評？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】談話者說"…the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of financial deal-maker,…"即世界銀行應(yīng)該作為財(cái)政的決策者 ，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)得到肯定，而不是批評，故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
5.答案：C
【問句譯文】在整個(gè)談話中，作者在介紹世界銀行時(shí)是什么態(tài)度？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】談話者對世界銀行的職能、現(xiàn)狀、改進(jìn)作了客觀評論，并未表達(dá)出自己的個(gè)人感 情。因此選項(xiàng)C"客觀的"為正確答案。
SECTION B CONVERSATION
6.答案：B
【問句譯文】男士對什么事實(shí)感到吃驚？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】當(dāng)女士說她在新西蘭找了一份在計(jì)算機(jī)公司做秘書的工作時(shí)，男士說"Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it's possible for anyone to get a job in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander?"不是新西蘭本土人也可以找到一份工作，因此 他感到驚奇，故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
7.答案：D
【問句譯文】那位女土喜歡新加坡的主要原因是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】當(dāng)男士提出由于新加坡過于的現(xiàn)代化，所以人們覺得它很乏味，接著他問女士的 感受。女士回答說："And it's a great big shopping center and I really enjoy it from that point of view."由此可知吸引女士的是購物機(jī)遇，故答案選D。
8.答案：B
【問句譯文】從對話中我們可得知開封和銀川留給這位女士的怎樣印象？
【試題分析】本題為概括題。
【詳細(xì)解答】對話中提到了開封和銀川的地理位置，*人的后代，古老的寶塔，歸納起來便 是歷史情趣吸引了她，答案選B。
9.答案：C
【問句譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)最能形容女士對西藏的感受？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】當(dāng)男士問到她游歷過的最有趣的地方時(shí)，女士回答說"I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I've never been anywhere so different." ，由此可知，選項(xiàng)C"狂喜"最能體現(xiàn)她的感受。
10.答案：A
【問句譯文】根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容，是什么使得她暫停了旅行？
【試題分析】本題為概括題。
【詳細(xì)解答】在談到準(zhǔn)備暫停旅行時(shí)，女士說"You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, and washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for longer than two days."穿著同樣的衣服，在不同的旅館里去洗它們使她感到厭煩， 在同一個(gè)地方呆的時(shí)間從沒有超過兩天，由此可推知：她想停下居無定所的生活，故答案選 A。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1
11.答案：C
【問句譯文】泰森為何于去年八月被關(guān)入監(jiān)獄？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞中提到"…for an assault in the wake of traffic accident last August."由此可知，泰森是因?yàn)樵谝淮谓煌ㄊ鹿手袆邮执蛉硕徊度氇z。
12.答案：A
【問句譯文】泰森在什么日期前得不到拳擊比賽的許可證？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】解答本題的關(guān)鍵句是"But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn't expire until the end of the year."由此可知，答案選A。
News Item 2
13.答案：B
【問句譯文】為何俄羅斯的檔案應(yīng)受到重視？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞第二句說"The documents which the Russian gave the United States o n Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for several years …"，由于刺殺肯尼迪的 兇手逃至前蘇聯(lián)生活了好幾年，因此俄羅斯的檔案應(yīng)受到重視。
News Item 3
14.答案：C
【問句譯文】在近三個(gè)月里，香港的失業(yè)率情況如何？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞開頭就說"Hong Kong's unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3 % in the past 3 months,…"由此可知，在過去的三個(gè)月里，香港失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在6.3%，因 此答案選C。
15.答案：C
【問句譯文】根據(jù)該新聞，下列哪一選項(xiàng)是正確的？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞中提到各部門失業(yè)率有不同幅度地上漲或下降，但新聞首句就告訴我們說失 業(yè)率保持在6.3％不變。由此可推斷出一些部門失業(yè)率上升，另外一些部門失業(yè)率下降，從 而保持總的失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定不變，故答案選C。
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
1.答案：symbolic
【詳細(xì)解答】在提到新聞發(fā)布會的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí)說"…one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event."由此可直接填寫"symbolic"。
2.答案：reference
【詳細(xì)解答】在提到新聞發(fā)布會的另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí)說"In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point,…" 由此可直接填寫"reference"。
3.答案：reporters
【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音"…the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest."可知，這里說的是從"記者們"（reporters）的觀點(diǎn)來看問題。
4.答案：format
【詳細(xì)解答】本段錄音的最后一句說"The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format." 由此可直接填寫"format"。
5.答案：disadvantage
【詳細(xì)解答】前面講的是新聞發(fā)布會的優(yōu)點(diǎn)（advantage），下面接著就要轉(zhuǎn)入談它的缺點(diǎn)了 （disadvantage）。
6.答案：component
【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音"…the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked."可直接填寫"component"。
7.答案：competence
【詳細(xì)解答】由關(guān)鍵句"…the competence of the news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods."可知，此處應(yīng)填寫"competence"。
8.答案：verbal
【詳細(xì)解答】由關(guān)鍵句"…but may lack the verbal skills or concepts to do so."可知 ，這里說的是"口頭表達(dá)"（verbal）技能。
9.答案：nature
【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音"…that is, the nature of questions asked." 可知，此處應(yīng)填寫" nature"。
10.答案：asking
【詳細(xì)解答】這里提到了五條改進(jìn)提問的方法，第四條是"it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondent's own immediate"，根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)該用它的 動名詞形式，故填寫"asking"。
改錯
PART Ⅱ PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION
1.答案： as→so
【詳細(xì)解答】由于本句中的 much修飾的是名詞 feeling，應(yīng)改用so來修飾。
2.答案：increasing→increasingly
【詳細(xì)解答】 increasing可用來修飾名詞，表示"正在增加"，修飾名詞topic不合題意。本 句中應(yīng)該用副詞作狀語修飾形容詞favorite，所以應(yīng)該改用副詞increasingly。
3.答案：so→but
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文判斷，小麥價(jià)格在秋天不斷下降，但是農(nóng)民不能等著市場提升價(jià)格。 這里應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是因果關(guān)系。
4.答案：soon或shortly
【詳細(xì)解答】要表達(dá)"不久以后"，要么用soon after，要么用shortly after，就是沒有soon shortly after這種搭配。
5.答案：rich→richer
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，這里是說由于價(jià)格上漲，投機(jī)商們變得更加富有，故應(yīng)該改用形容 詞的比較級形式。
6.答案：asked∧→for
【詳細(xì)解答】ask for為固定搭配，意為"要求，請求"。
7.答案：involving→involved
【詳細(xì)解答】be involved in為一固定搭配，意為"被卷入…"，這里的be為連系動詞，可用 become替換。
8.答案：1ife→living
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，這里要表達(dá)的意思是"生活費(fèi)用"，應(yīng)為living costs。life則意 為"生命"，不能修飾costs。
9.答案：handle→deal或with
【詳細(xì)解答】handle為及物動詞，應(yīng)直接帶賓語。而固定搭配deal with與handle同義，都 表示 "處理(某事)"。
10.答案：total→full
【詳細(xì)解答】total意為"總體的，全體的"，指一種整體的概念。而這里要表達(dá)的是"全部 的權(quán)威"，英語中常用full authority。
閱讀理解 A
SECTION A
TEXT A
短文大意：本文介紹的是一個(gè)叫做Blackpool的地方。在二十年前是一片繁榮景象，如今 卻是一片荒涼。當(dāng)?shù)卣诓扇〈胧?。?BR> 16.答案：D
【參考譯文】文章開頭似乎在暗示Blackpool怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章的開頭引用一位當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T的話說"Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre." 然后 又談到了現(xiàn)在的情況"Now the thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the se a and make Blackpool a family destination again."通過前后對比可知，選項(xiàng)D "Blackpool打算恢復(fù)它以前的面貌"為正確答案。
17.答案：B
【參考譯文】由該短文可知，Blackpool以前的狀況怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段最后一句說"For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool's waters are safe to swim in."由此可知，該處以前的水源同樣是受到污染的，故答案選B。
18.答案：A
【參考譯文】Blackpool海灘給參觀者印象最深的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文第五段首句說"The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years ago is how empty its beaches are."由此可知選項(xiàng)A為正確答 案。
TEXT B
短文大意：本文主要論述的是1997年的亞洲金融危機(jī)的危害及其爆發(fā)的原因。
19.答案：D
【參考譯文】根據(jù)該短文，下列哪一項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)？
【試題分析】本題為排除題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第二段最后幾句說"In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries' sp lit the difference- and paid a heavy price regardless."由此可知，亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí) 期各國均陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)兩難境地，既不能任由本國貨幣猛跌，也不能提高存款利率。選項(xiàng)D與該 說法相矛盾， 故不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。
20.答案：C
【參考譯文】作者認(rèn)為那些亞洲國家如何？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段最后一句說"But the punishment was surely disproportionate t o the crime,…"由此可知，作者認(rèn)為那些亞洲國家遭受的懲罰過度了，故答案選C。
21.答案：A
【參考譯文】從該短文可以推知IMF的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇政策如何？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】雖然IMF對韓國的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇起了一定作用，短文第四段卻說"Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse,…"接著以馬來西亞為例，說明IMF的政策不是萬能的，故答案選A。
22.答案：B
【參考譯文】在短文的末尾，作者認(rèn)為亞洲國家經(jīng)濟(jì)全面復(fù)蘇是怎樣的？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文最后一段的最后一句說"…they have a long way to go."即這些國家（ 的經(jīng)濟(jì)全面復(fù)蘇）有很長的路要走。故選項(xiàng)B"遙遠(yuǎn)的"為正確答案。
TEXT C
短文大意：本文主要論述的是人類為何遷居以及遷居所帶來的影響。
23.答案：D
【參考譯文】下列哪一種說法是錯誤的？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段首句說"Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone's solution, everyone's conflict."由此可知，人口遷移對社會人口變化 有影響，故可排除選項(xiàng)A；短文第四段最后一句說"Migration helped create humans, dro ve us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again." 由此可知，人口遷移影響著社會政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化，同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了社會的發(fā)展變化 ，故可排除選項(xiàng)B和C；而全文沒有提及選項(xiàng)D的意思，故為正確答案。
24.答案：B
【參考譯文】根據(jù)Kingsley Davis的觀點(diǎn)，下列哪一項(xiàng)不是造成人類遷移的原因？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第八段分析了造成人類遷移的兩個(gè)方面的原因。第一點(diǎn)是人類的適應(yīng)性（ad apt to different conditions）；第二點(diǎn)是人類文化的差異性及群體之間的不平等性（cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups），故可排除選項(xiàng) A、C、D。
25.答案：A
【參考譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)不是短文中提到的移居者？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文倒數(shù)第二段講述了幾起重大事件引起的人口遷移：宗教運(yùn)動引起了早期移 民（religions spawned pilgrims or settlers）；戰(zhàn)爭為殖民者提供了場所（wars drove refugees）；經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)革新吸引了大批工人與企業(yè)家（economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs）。因此可排除D（殖民者）、B（工人）和C（移居者）。
26.答案：C
【參考譯文】重大事件與人類遷移之間是怎樣的關(guān)系？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文倒數(shù)第二段首句說"It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration."該否定句強(qiáng)調(diào)說明了重大事件與人類遷移之間因果相承關(guān) 系，故答案選C。
TEXT D
短文大意：本文論述的是科學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)思想，進(jìn)行社會交流的。
27.答案：B
【參考譯文】富有創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家與思想家是如何進(jìn)行交流的？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文第一段第三句指出，富有創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家與思想家是"… in one way tha t of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing th e language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his pr ecise meaning."選項(xiàng)B與此意一致，故為正確答案。
28.答案：D
【參考譯文】從事創(chuàng)造性工作的藝術(shù)家和科學(xué)家們共同的特征是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文第一段最后幾句說"Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument."由此可知，他們只看重作品本身，而不在意人 們對他們創(chuàng)作的反應(yīng)，故答案選D。
29.答案：C
【參考譯文】根據(jù)該短文，下列哪一種說法是不正確的？
【試題分析】本題為排除題。
【詳細(xì)解答】從短文第二段中可找出選項(xiàng)A、B和D的意思。由"For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. "可知，無論任何人在創(chuàng)作過程中都必 將會受到社會的影響，故答案選C。
30.答案：A
【參考譯文】文章結(jié)尾處暗示了那些具有創(chuàng)造力的人們感到孤獨(dú)，其原因是他們怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文最后一句話"The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure."這里是說，他們其實(shí)與當(dāng)時(shí)的 社會以及同時(shí)代其他人之間都存在著許多共同點(diǎn)，但他們自己不承認(rèn)。因此他們感到孤獨(dú)的 真正原因是沒有找到合適的表達(dá)方式。故答案選A。
閱讀理解 B
TEXT E
短文大意：這是一篇關(guān)于幾本新書的評論文章。
31.答案：A
【參考譯文】本文的寫作目的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段第五句說"What you need is a good interior-design book."作 者于是分別介紹了幾本有關(guān)室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的書刊。由此可見，作者是在建議人們看一些有關(guān)室內(nèi) 設(shè)計(jì)的書。故答案選A。
TEXT F
短文大意：本文主要介紹的是德國稅收制度改革情況。
32.答案：D
【參考譯文】本文作者的主要寫作目的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通過掃讀文中的黑體字"One major reason"，"A reform"，"How do"，" An approach"和"Comprehensive tax reform"可知本文作者主要是講述稅收制度改革措 施，故答案選D。
TEXT G
短文大意：本文主要論述的是政府在保護(hù)大眾健康方面應(yīng)起的作用。
33.答案：C
【參考譯文】本文主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了下列哪一項(xiàng)在健康話題中的角色？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第一段最后一句提出問題"How can governments help people conserve t heir health and avoid premature death? "下文便開始講述政府應(yīng)在煙草、酒精、垃圾 廣告各方面多作工作。由此可知，全文主要是談?wù)撜诮】祮栴}上的角色。故答案選C。
TEXT H
短文大意：本文主要闡述的是人類反叛的本性。
34.答案：A
【參考譯文】隨著文章論點(diǎn)的展開，文章的寫作特點(diǎn)是什么？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】分析文章段落內(nèi)容從提出問題（must we conform?），然后對該問題進(jìn)行分析， 最后回答解決問題的方法，由此可見，作者論述了"人類具有反叛的本性"這一論點(diǎn)，據(jù)有 一定的說服力。故答案選A"闡述性"。
TEXT I
短文大意：本文是對美國未來的一些社會情況進(jìn)行的預(yù)測。
35.答案：B
【參考譯文】根據(jù)人口調(diào)查預(yù)計(jì)，到2050年美國男性平均壽命能達(dá)到多少歲？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段最后一句說"And by the year 2050, women will have a life exp ectancy of 83.6 years and men of at least 75.1."由此可直接得出正確答案為B。
36.答案：D
【參考譯文】犯罪專家估計(jì)在不久的將來犯罪率將首先在哪些地區(qū)降低？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。 【詳細(xì)解答】短文最后一段最后一句指出"Crime expert Alfred Blumstein, who foresees a drop in crime over the coming decade, predicts that the Northeast and Midwest, …" 由此可直接得出正確答案為D。
TEXT J
短文大意：本文是從1972到1998有關(guān)中美交往的記事表。
37.答案：D
【參考譯文】中美何時(shí)建立正式的外交關(guān)系？
【試題分析】本題為時(shí)間題。
【詳細(xì)解答】快速查看全文，在記事表第五段說"January 1, 1979: China and the US form ally established diplomatic ties."故答案選D。
38.答案：B
【參考譯文】建立新型中美關(guān)系的五項(xiàng)基本原則是江澤民在何什么地方提出來的？
【試題分析】本題為地點(diǎn)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】快速查看全文，在記事表第十二段說"November 14, 1994: Chinese President Jiang Zemin, on the sidelines of attending an informal APEC leadership meeting in Bogor, met US President Bill Clinton in Jakarta and put forward the Five Principles for the establishment of a new type of Sino-US relationship."這里記錄的 是江澤民和克林頓在雅加達(dá)（Jakarta）會面簽訂了五項(xiàng)基本原則。故答案選B。
TEXT K
短文大意：本文介紹的是五位作家及其主要作品。
39.答案：A
【參考譯文】如果你對諷刺小說感興趣，你很可能選擇誰的作品閱讀？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第四段第一句說"Alexander Pope, poet and satirist,…"由此可知，Al exander Pope是一位詩人和諷刺作家，故答案選A。
40.答案：B
【參考譯文】下列哪一位作家是諾貝爾獎獲得者？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段最后一句說"Galsworthy was awarded the Nobel Prize for Liter ature in l932。"由此可知，Galsworthy于1932年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，故答案選B。
翻譯
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
參考譯文
Qiao Yu took to fishing in his old age. He said: "Where there is fish and water, there is good environment, and good environment fills one's heart with joy (makes one feel delighted, delights everyone, gives delight to everyone). I think the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are ready (provided) for you, but an enchanting place in the wild where everything is natural. "Fishing (Angling) is a game that can help improve one's temperament (character). It is good for mental and bodily health. Qiao Yu said: "Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for eating fish and for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well. (The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. ) The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing facing a pool of green water, one casts (throws) aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys (takes) a good rest, both mental and physical."
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
參考譯文
梭羅所理解的"低層次"，即為了擁有而去擁有，或與所有的鄰居明爭暗斗而致?lián)碛?。他心目中?高層次"，則是這樣一種積極的人生戒律，即要使自己對自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。對于他從低層次上節(jié)省下來的時(shí)間和精力，他可將其致力于對高層次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭羅不贊成忍饑挨餓，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力僅果腹而已，只要可確保他能去從事更為重要的事務(wù)，他便別無所求。
付出努力才是其本質(zhì)所在，除非我們終生與困難為伴，否則就無幸?？烧?。正如濟(jì)慈所 言，除去不可能做的事，我們一生獲得的滿足有多大，取決于我們選擇的困難有多強(qiáng)。羅伯 特·福劑羅斯特談到"苦中求樂"時(shí)，也有異曲同工之理。就通常宣傳的幸福而言，其致命弱 點(diǎn)在于聲稱不用付出努力即可獲得幸福。
我們甚至在競賽中尋求困難。我們需要困難，因?yàn)闆]有困難也就無所謂競賽，競賽是制 造困難以求得樂趣之道。競賽規(guī)則就是任意強(qiáng)加的困難。違犯競賽規(guī)則就是破壞樂趣。下棋 時(shí)，隨心所欲，肆意更改強(qiáng)制之規(guī)更易獲勝。然而樂趣源于獲勝而又遵守規(guī)則。沒有困難就 沒有樂趣。
寫作
【參考范文】
The Impact of the Internet on Education
The Internet is making the world smaller and is changing every aspect of our life. There can be no doubt that the Internet will have greater impact on our society and economy. The impact, in my opinion, will be strongly felt in the aspect of education.
First, the Internet provides equal opportunities for all students, as long as they can get access to the Internet. In the traditional form of education, students who get higher marks in examination may enter a better school, and those who do not have to enter a relatively less good one. With the Internet, every student is provided with the same sources of education, so they can get equal opportunities to improve themselves. In that case, the general quality of education will be highly improved in our country.
Second, the Internet poses a challenge, not a danger really to teacher. Traditionally, teachers are the dominator of education, and students are fixed to t he instruction of several specific teachers. This, in fact, may result in the laziness of teachers, since there is no competition. With the Internet, a student may choose any teacher's instruction as far as he likes it, which is an incentive to the faculty of teachers. Faced with this, a teacher is likely to try his best to improve his instruction and this will in turn improve the educational quality of our country.
Last but not least, the internet makes education more convenient for the students. A student can learn at any time he likes and, at the same time, save the money spent on tuition and board. All of these may head to a revolution of education.
After ail, I am not exaggerating the influence of the Internet on education. It is true that the Internet may still remain out of the reach of some one and may be less amicable than human teachers. But the point is that, the Internet is sure to accelerate the development of education.
With the Internet, let us make the education of our country into a better existence!
本套真題測試的語言重點(diǎn)：
重點(diǎn)單詞：
prevail 流行，盛行
preposterous 荒謬的
tumultuous 喧囂的
demographer 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家
niche 【生】小生境
bedraggled 衰敗的，破舊的
cirrhosis 【醫(yī)】硬化
annihilation 滅絕
重點(diǎn)詞組：
bottom out 降至最低點(diǎn)
average out 達(dá)到平均數(shù)
sweep up 掃除，清除
in a way 在某種程度上，稍微
fall off 下降，跌落，減少，衰退
strive for 為……奮斗，爭取
SECTION A TALK
The World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid is passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. Its scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billion a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important changes have taken place in the size of the bank's operations and in the emphasis of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank's loan program. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includes hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, which are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank's affiliate-the International Development Association.
In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take into account the population explosion which is occurring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. Unfortunately, wide-ranging country section programs do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a link between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fertility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services, by introducing better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income distribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lend ing strategy, where previously it concentrated on the big infrastructure project s, such as dams, roads and bridges. It begun to switch to projects which directly improve the basic services of the country. There was a shift, if you like, from building dams to digging water holes to provide clear water.
A second reason for the change of approach was that the bank has learned a big lesson from projects financed in the 1960s. Many of its major capital investment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they created much employment. The project did not have the trigger-down effect they have in industrialized countries. Instead the huge dams, steel-mills, and so on were left as monuments to themselves. This redirection of its lending has meant that the bank has tended to support labour intensive activities, rather than capita l intensive ones. Both rural and urban areas, there is a better chance in the first case, that its funds will benefit the bottom 40% of the country's population.
The bank is also looking for ways of stimulating the growth of the small businesses in many developing countries since this would create employment opportunities for people with lower incomes. Being such a big, obvious target, the bank has often come under fire. For example, its officials have been taken to task for u sing Concord supersonic aircraft so frequently, about 500 times in one year. Also, the large growth of the organization's personnel has not pleased some critic s . A more substantial criticism has concerned the bank's policy of setting annual target for lending to specified countries. This could lead to the deterioration in quality of loans, some say. One former bank official has said, rather than encourage growth for its own sake, the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of a financial deal-maker, combining official wit h the private resources for specific purposes.
Finally, some people maintain that the impact of the projects funded by the bank has been modest. When one looks around the world at regions or countries that have successfully transformed to industrial status, it seems that one should be aware of over-estimating the bank's impact. Take Hong Kong for example. Its changes have come about as a result of trade offensive. The purpose has been to flood western market with low price goods made by capitalist methods of production. The example seems to indicate that some regions can prosper without the bank's aid as well.
SECTION B CONVERSATION
W: Well, it seems quite common actually. A lot of people in Australia no w are travelling and taking time off. And when I was actually travelling, I met so many people doing the same thing.
M: Yeah, yeah, so where did you start off?
W: Well, I went to New Zealand first. Eh, and got a job in a computer company as a secretary. And I worked there for 4 months.
M: Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it's possible for anyone to get a j ob in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander?
W: No, not everybody, only Australians and New Zealanders can exchange either. Y ou know you can work in either country.'
M: Right, yeah.
W: So that was easy. So I worked there for 4 months and raised enough money for the rest of travels really. So from there I went to Indonesia, and travelled around the different islands around Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China , Nepal and India.
M: What about Indonesia? What did you do? Did you fly mostly between the Islands?
W: Eh, I did a bit of that, and boats, mainly local boats between the Islands.
M: What about Singapore? People said it's very very modern. But because it is s o modern, it's rather boring. Did you find that?
W: Well, it's difficult to say really. It has different attractions. You know t h e Chinese, Malay, and Hindu communities are there. Each has his own culture and custom, very different from the others. And it's a great big shopping center an d I really enjoy it from that point of view. And it was very clean.
M: And after, you said you went what, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and then China? That's a great country to travel in, isn't it?
W: Eh, it was. Yeah, it was fabulous. It really was. You have been there then?
M: No, I haven't. No, I mean it's very big. What did you do?
W: Yeah. Well, I had only one month to travel in China, and that was too short f or such a vast country as China. I felt I didn't have enough time, so I sacrifced a lot of places and did the main tourist throughout really. I went to Beijing, the capital, Kaifeng, Yinchuan, and Tibet.
M: Well, how exciting! You said after Beijing, you went to?
W: That was Kaifeng in central China's Henan province. It's a charming city, and has got a lot to look around, like temples and pagodas, very traditional.
M: Eh, eh.
W: What fascinated me when I was there was that some Jews went to live in Kaifen g many years ago. As early as 16th century, there were Jewish families there. They have their synagogue and five books of Masses. Even today several hundred descendants of the original Jews still live in Kaifeng.
M: Really, I've never heard of that. And where did you go after Kaifeng?
W: I went to northwest to Yinchuan, the provincial city of Ningxia Hui autonomous region.
M: Is this the place where there always is a shortage of water?
W: No, no, on the contrary, it has got abundant supply of water, because it is n ear the Yellow River. In this sense, Yinchuan has a favorable geographical posit on in otherwise harsh surroundings.
M: What did you see there then?
W: Ningxia was once the capital of Western Xia during the 11th century. So outside Yinchuan, you can still see the Western Xia mausoleum, where the Kings and t heir Kingdoms were buried. The tombs were scattered in a pretty big area at the foot of the Henan Mountain, and inside the city there are famous mosques in the architectural style of Middle East. It's really a place worth visiting. You got to know something about Chinese Moslems.
M: And that sounds really interesting. Where did you travel after that?
W: I was lucky enough to get into Tibet, and that was brilliant.
M: Yeah. What was the most interesting place you visited, do you think?
W: Well, I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I've never been anywhere so different. The people there are wonderful, the clothes .they w ear, the food they eat.
M: And you said you went to Nepal as well?
W: Yeah, eh, that's a sort of easier passion of Tibetans really and there are a lot of Tibetans——there as well as other tribes and Nepalese, so that was good because I went trekking in Nepal, you should do that.
M: How long did you trek for?
W: Oh, I only did a short one, only for a week. I was lazy.
M: Was it very tiring?
W: No, it wasn't actually. I mean you just set your own pace, and don't pace y ourselves too hard, that was a stupid thing to do. Eh, you don't have to walk very far, so that was great.
M: So how did you feel after all this travelling? How did you feel to stop travelling? I mean you were on the move alone for months and months ,and suddenly you're here ,and not traveling any more. How does it feel?
W: I was ready to stop anyway. You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, and washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for longer than two days. And since I was ready to stop, I don't think I could keep doing it. I mean I've met people who've been travelling for 2 or 3 years. I couldn't do it.
M: Yeah, yeah. Maybe it's something I should try after this.
W: I think you really should.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1(For Questions 11-12)
Mike Tyson could sign a deal by Friday to face either Germany's Axo Shos or Denmark's Brian Nielsen here on August 21 in the heavy weight's first fight since his release from jail. The former World Heavy Weight champion was released on Monday after 4 months behind bars for an assault in the wake of a traffic accident last August. His deal with Showtime makes an August come back likely. "August 21st is certainly a day we're looking at," Showtime board director, James Lock en s said, "Hopefully in the next few days we'll have something concrete". Nevada boxing officials revoked Tyson's license for more than a year after he bit Evander Holyfield's ear off in June 1997. But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn't expire until the end of the year. That came before the assault charge had been heard, and with the victim's support.
News Item 2(For Question 13)
The United States has begun to review Russians documents about the life and death of former president John F. Kennedy, and is expected to release them once the review is complete, the White House said on Monday. The documents which the Russians gave the United States on Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for several years before he returned to the United States, and was arrested for killing t he former president on November 22, 1963. Russian President Boris Yeltsin surprised US president Bill Clinton on Sunday when he turned over what was described a s the result of exhaustive search of Russian government, military and private archives for papers about Kennedy and his assassination.
News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)
Hong Kong's unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3% in the past 3 months, as business conditions have improved in the last month Figures indicate that from March to May this year, the size of the labor force was provisionally at 3,469,000, while the number of the unemployed people stood at 216,000. The number of cases of insolvency, sensational businesses and retrenchment, and numbers of workers affected these cases as recorded by the Labor Department have shown a declining trend in recent months. From March to May 1999, 78 such cases involving 3,882 workers were recorded as compared 93 cases affecting 5,220 workers for the 3 months from December 1998 to February 1999. Figures for the period from March to May 1999 when compared with those from February to April 1999 show an increase in the unemployment rate, mainly in renovation, maintenance, whole sale, and retail and transport sectors, which offset the decrease in construction, import and export and financing sectors
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
The Press Conference
Press conferences are an all too familiar phenomena around us. However, when people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to think of any that press conference provides for the competent news reporter. Use of the press conference by public officials and private entrepreneurs help give rise to the phrase "pseudo-event", and the event contrived to create news cove rage, where none has considered wanted.
However, having said that, one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event. And perhaps this is reasoned enough to continue the practice. At a press conference, a public official supposedly submits to examination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that press conference offers an opportunity to get the public official on the record, with regard to the government policies. Statements from the press conference can serve as criteria against subsequent statements and policies are measured. In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point, more so than comments reported by single news medium. Also, when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new government program, an earthquake, or the nomination of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest. The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format.
Now let's move on to the disadvantages. And there are serious ones. Generally speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for t he reporters to get worthwhile information. At press conference, particularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get asked question and certainly is unlikely to have chance to ask follow-up questions. Another disadvantage in the press conference comes from the news source, that is, the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up question and rephrase tough questions t o his or her liking, and sets the time, place and duration of the interview. Press conferences televise live for the news audience, sometimes only highlights the disadvantages for the news reporters since there is little or no time to challenge, clarify or place context materials provided by the news source. Despite these disadvantages and others inherent how reporters get information, t he dews reporter can help assure the worthwhile information from a news source in share with the news audience. One way to reduce the likely heard of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing by telephone, in person, and press conferences as well as multiple sources, common to the success of these approaches, how ever, are such interrelated ingredient as the preparation of the news reporter, the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked.
Let's look at the preparation first. The nature of much news coverage requires news reporters to be well-read on contemporary events. Like other professionals and craftsmen, the reporter must keep up to date on journalistic subject matter, that is the human condition. Although the subject is broad, it offers the advantages that there is a little a reporter can read or witness. That will not help in covering the news at one time or another. Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought to the competence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sources would benefit the news audience more, if reporters would frequently ask themselves: What is this news resource competent to talk about? What can this person tell the news audience that few others can? Towards the caution regarding the issue of competence, first, the reporter should not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source should know, does know, and can provide information. Second, the competence of t he news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods. Let's just spend a few minutes on the first point. There are generally 4 conditions under which the reporter should not give prints to the news source information. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the source may have the information and want to share it, but may lack the verbal skills or concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not to want to share it, or worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, t he source may be willing to share this information but unable to recall it.
Now in addition to preparation of the reporter and competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is, he nature of questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of the question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like "Are you for market economy" may lead to the respondent saying virtually anything, and s till being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately as possible, reporters can improve the question in the following 5 ways. Firstly, avoid words wit h double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify the time, pl ace and context you want the respondent to assume, and number 4, it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondent's own immediate and recent experience rather than in generalities. Finally, either make explicit all the alternative the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make non e of them explicit. Do not leave the news resource by suggesting a desired answer and not mentioning other alternatives.
OK, to sum up, today's lecture has covered some of the advantages and disadvantages of the press conference, and three important factors and successful news coverage. In our next lecture, we will continue to discuss how to become a competent news reporter.
答案與詳解
PAPER ONE
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
1.答案：A
【問句譯文】世界銀行運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)變大系統(tǒng)的變化指的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】解答本題的關(guān)鍵句是"What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank's loan program."由此可知，選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
2.答案：C
【問句譯文】是什么使得銀行改變其借貸政策？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】錄音在提及銀行借貸政策的改變時(shí)說"Thus by improving basic health services, by introducing better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting m ore even income distribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advancing thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lending strategy．"這里提到了一些改變貧窮國家現(xiàn)狀的措施，由"a lower and more acceptable"可知，從根本上促使政策改革的原因應(yīng)為選項(xiàng)C。
3.答案：Ｄ
【問句譯文】銀行借貸政策重點(diǎn)的變化意味者銀行將會怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】在提到投資對象時(shí)，談話者說"Many of its major capital investment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they created much employment."因此銀行決定加大對勞動密集型活動的援助，故答案選D。
4.答案：D
【問句譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)不是對銀行的批評？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】談話者說"…the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of financial deal-maker,…"即世界銀行應(yīng)該作為財(cái)政的決策者 ，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)得到肯定，而不是批評，故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
5.答案：C
【問句譯文】在整個(gè)談話中，作者在介紹世界銀行時(shí)是什么態(tài)度？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】談話者對世界銀行的職能、現(xiàn)狀、改進(jìn)作了客觀評論，并未表達(dá)出自己的個(gè)人感 情。因此選項(xiàng)C"客觀的"為正確答案。
SECTION B CONVERSATION
6.答案：B
【問句譯文】男士對什么事實(shí)感到吃驚？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】當(dāng)女士說她在新西蘭找了一份在計(jì)算機(jī)公司做秘書的工作時(shí)，男士說"Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it's possible for anyone to get a job in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander?"不是新西蘭本土人也可以找到一份工作，因此 他感到驚奇，故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
7.答案：D
【問句譯文】那位女土喜歡新加坡的主要原因是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】當(dāng)男士提出由于新加坡過于的現(xiàn)代化，所以人們覺得它很乏味，接著他問女士的 感受。女士回答說："And it's a great big shopping center and I really enjoy it from that point of view."由此可知吸引女士的是購物機(jī)遇，故答案選D。
8.答案：B
【問句譯文】從對話中我們可得知開封和銀川留給這位女士的怎樣印象？
【試題分析】本題為概括題。
【詳細(xì)解答】對話中提到了開封和銀川的地理位置，*人的后代，古老的寶塔，歸納起來便 是歷史情趣吸引了她，答案選B。
9.答案：C
【問句譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)最能形容女士對西藏的感受？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】當(dāng)男士問到她游歷過的最有趣的地方時(shí)，女士回答說"I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I've never been anywhere so different." ，由此可知，選項(xiàng)C"狂喜"最能體現(xiàn)她的感受。
10.答案：A
【問句譯文】根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容，是什么使得她暫停了旅行？
【試題分析】本題為概括題。
【詳細(xì)解答】在談到準(zhǔn)備暫停旅行時(shí)，女士說"You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, and washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for longer than two days."穿著同樣的衣服，在不同的旅館里去洗它們使她感到厭煩， 在同一個(gè)地方呆的時(shí)間從沒有超過兩天，由此可推知：她想停下居無定所的生活，故答案選 A。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1
11.答案：C
【問句譯文】泰森為何于去年八月被關(guān)入監(jiān)獄？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞中提到"…for an assault in the wake of traffic accident last August."由此可知，泰森是因?yàn)樵谝淮谓煌ㄊ鹿手袆邮执蛉硕徊度氇z。
12.答案：A
【問句譯文】泰森在什么日期前得不到拳擊比賽的許可證？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】解答本題的關(guān)鍵句是"But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn't expire until the end of the year."由此可知，答案選A。
News Item 2
13.答案：B
【問句譯文】為何俄羅斯的檔案應(yīng)受到重視？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞第二句說"The documents which the Russian gave the United States o n Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for several years …"，由于刺殺肯尼迪的 兇手逃至前蘇聯(lián)生活了好幾年，因此俄羅斯的檔案應(yīng)受到重視。
News Item 3
14.答案：C
【問句譯文】在近三個(gè)月里，香港的失業(yè)率情況如何？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞開頭就說"Hong Kong's unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3 % in the past 3 months,…"由此可知，在過去的三個(gè)月里，香港失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在6.3%，因 此答案選C。
15.答案：C
【問句譯文】根據(jù)該新聞，下列哪一選項(xiàng)是正確的？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】新聞中提到各部門失業(yè)率有不同幅度地上漲或下降，但新聞首句就告訴我們說失 業(yè)率保持在6.3％不變。由此可推斷出一些部門失業(yè)率上升，另外一些部門失業(yè)率下降，從 而保持總的失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定不變，故答案選C。
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
1.答案：symbolic
【詳細(xì)解答】在提到新聞發(fā)布會的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí)說"…one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event."由此可直接填寫"symbolic"。
2.答案：reference
【詳細(xì)解答】在提到新聞發(fā)布會的另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí)說"In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point,…" 由此可直接填寫"reference"。
3.答案：reporters
【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音"…the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest."可知，這里說的是從"記者們"（reporters）的觀點(diǎn)來看問題。
4.答案：format
【詳細(xì)解答】本段錄音的最后一句說"The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format." 由此可直接填寫"format"。
5.答案：disadvantage
【詳細(xì)解答】前面講的是新聞發(fā)布會的優(yōu)點(diǎn)（advantage），下面接著就要轉(zhuǎn)入談它的缺點(diǎn)了 （disadvantage）。
6.答案：component
【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音"…the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked."可直接填寫"component"。
7.答案：competence
【詳細(xì)解答】由關(guān)鍵句"…the competence of the news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods."可知，此處應(yīng)填寫"competence"。
8.答案：verbal
【詳細(xì)解答】由關(guān)鍵句"…but may lack the verbal skills or concepts to do so."可知 ，這里說的是"口頭表達(dá)"（verbal）技能。
9.答案：nature
【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音"…that is, the nature of questions asked." 可知，此處應(yīng)填寫" nature"。
10.答案：asking
【詳細(xì)解答】這里提到了五條改進(jìn)提問的方法，第四條是"it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondent's own immediate"，根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)該用它的 動名詞形式，故填寫"asking"。
改錯
PART Ⅱ PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION
1.答案： as→so
【詳細(xì)解答】由于本句中的 much修飾的是名詞 feeling，應(yīng)改用so來修飾。
2.答案：increasing→increasingly
【詳細(xì)解答】 increasing可用來修飾名詞，表示"正在增加"，修飾名詞topic不合題意。本 句中應(yīng)該用副詞作狀語修飾形容詞favorite，所以應(yīng)該改用副詞increasingly。
3.答案：so→but
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文判斷，小麥價(jià)格在秋天不斷下降，但是農(nóng)民不能等著市場提升價(jià)格。 這里應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是因果關(guān)系。
4.答案：soon或shortly
【詳細(xì)解答】要表達(dá)"不久以后"，要么用soon after，要么用shortly after，就是沒有soon shortly after這種搭配。
5.答案：rich→richer
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，這里是說由于價(jià)格上漲，投機(jī)商們變得更加富有，故應(yīng)該改用形容 詞的比較級形式。
6.答案：asked∧→for
【詳細(xì)解答】ask for為固定搭配，意為"要求，請求"。
7.答案：involving→involved
【詳細(xì)解答】be involved in為一固定搭配，意為"被卷入…"，這里的be為連系動詞，可用 become替換。
8.答案：1ife→living
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，這里要表達(dá)的意思是"生活費(fèi)用"，應(yīng)為living costs。life則意 為"生命"，不能修飾costs。
9.答案：handle→deal或with
【詳細(xì)解答】handle為及物動詞，應(yīng)直接帶賓語。而固定搭配deal with與handle同義，都 表示 "處理(某事)"。
10.答案：total→full
【詳細(xì)解答】total意為"總體的，全體的"，指一種整體的概念。而這里要表達(dá)的是"全部 的權(quán)威"，英語中常用full authority。
閱讀理解 A
SECTION A
TEXT A
短文大意：本文介紹的是一個(gè)叫做Blackpool的地方。在二十年前是一片繁榮景象，如今 卻是一片荒涼。當(dāng)?shù)卣诓扇〈胧?。?BR> 16.答案：D
【參考譯文】文章開頭似乎在暗示Blackpool怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章的開頭引用一位當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T的話說"Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre." 然后 又談到了現(xiàn)在的情況"Now the thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the se a and make Blackpool a family destination again."通過前后對比可知，選項(xiàng)D "Blackpool打算恢復(fù)它以前的面貌"為正確答案。
17.答案：B
【參考譯文】由該短文可知，Blackpool以前的狀況怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段最后一句說"For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool's waters are safe to swim in."由此可知，該處以前的水源同樣是受到污染的，故答案選B。
18.答案：A
【參考譯文】Blackpool海灘給參觀者印象最深的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文第五段首句說"The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years ago is how empty its beaches are."由此可知選項(xiàng)A為正確答 案。
TEXT B
短文大意：本文主要論述的是1997年的亞洲金融危機(jī)的危害及其爆發(fā)的原因。
19.答案：D
【參考譯文】根據(jù)該短文，下列哪一項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)？
【試題分析】本題為排除題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第二段最后幾句說"In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries' sp lit the difference- and paid a heavy price regardless."由此可知，亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí) 期各國均陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)兩難境地，既不能任由本國貨幣猛跌，也不能提高存款利率。選項(xiàng)D與該 說法相矛盾， 故不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。
20.答案：C
【參考譯文】作者認(rèn)為那些亞洲國家如何？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段最后一句說"But the punishment was surely disproportionate t o the crime,…"由此可知，作者認(rèn)為那些亞洲國家遭受的懲罰過度了，故答案選C。
21.答案：A
【參考譯文】從該短文可以推知IMF的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇政策如何？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】雖然IMF對韓國的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇起了一定作用，短文第四段卻說"Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse,…"接著以馬來西亞為例，說明IMF的政策不是萬能的，故答案選A。
22.答案：B
【參考譯文】在短文的末尾，作者認(rèn)為亞洲國家經(jīng)濟(jì)全面復(fù)蘇是怎樣的？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文最后一段的最后一句說"…they have a long way to go."即這些國家（ 的經(jīng)濟(jì)全面復(fù)蘇）有很長的路要走。故選項(xiàng)B"遙遠(yuǎn)的"為正確答案。
TEXT C
短文大意：本文主要論述的是人類為何遷居以及遷居所帶來的影響。
23.答案：D
【參考譯文】下列哪一種說法是錯誤的？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段首句說"Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone's solution, everyone's conflict."由此可知，人口遷移對社會人口變化 有影響，故可排除選項(xiàng)A；短文第四段最后一句說"Migration helped create humans, dro ve us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again." 由此可知，人口遷移影響著社會政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化，同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了社會的發(fā)展變化 ，故可排除選項(xiàng)B和C；而全文沒有提及選項(xiàng)D的意思，故為正確答案。
24.答案：B
【參考譯文】根據(jù)Kingsley Davis的觀點(diǎn)，下列哪一項(xiàng)不是造成人類遷移的原因？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第八段分析了造成人類遷移的兩個(gè)方面的原因。第一點(diǎn)是人類的適應(yīng)性（ad apt to different conditions）；第二點(diǎn)是人類文化的差異性及群體之間的不平等性（cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups），故可排除選項(xiàng) A、C、D。
25.答案：A
【參考譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)不是短文中提到的移居者？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文倒數(shù)第二段講述了幾起重大事件引起的人口遷移：宗教運(yùn)動引起了早期移 民（religions spawned pilgrims or settlers）；戰(zhàn)爭為殖民者提供了場所（wars drove refugees）；經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)革新吸引了大批工人與企業(yè)家（economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs）。因此可排除D（殖民者）、B（工人）和C（移居者）。
26.答案：C
【參考譯文】重大事件與人類遷移之間是怎樣的關(guān)系？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文倒數(shù)第二段首句說"It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration."該否定句強(qiáng)調(diào)說明了重大事件與人類遷移之間因果相承關(guān) 系，故答案選C。
TEXT D
短文大意：本文論述的是科學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)思想，進(jìn)行社會交流的。
27.答案：B
【參考譯文】富有創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家與思想家是如何進(jìn)行交流的？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文第一段第三句指出，富有創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家與思想家是"… in one way tha t of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing th e language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his pr ecise meaning."選項(xiàng)B與此意一致，故為正確答案。
28.答案：D
【參考譯文】從事創(chuàng)造性工作的藝術(shù)家和科學(xué)家們共同的特征是什么？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】 短文第一段最后幾句說"Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument."由此可知，他們只看重作品本身，而不在意人 們對他們創(chuàng)作的反應(yīng)，故答案選D。
29.答案：C
【參考譯文】根據(jù)該短文，下列哪一種說法是不正確的？
【試題分析】本題為排除題。
【詳細(xì)解答】從短文第二段中可找出選項(xiàng)A、B和D的意思。由"For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. "可知，無論任何人在創(chuàng)作過程中都必 將會受到社會的影響，故答案選C。
30.答案：A
【參考譯文】文章結(jié)尾處暗示了那些具有創(chuàng)造力的人們感到孤獨(dú)，其原因是他們怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文最后一句話"The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure."這里是說，他們其實(shí)與當(dāng)時(shí)的 社會以及同時(shí)代其他人之間都存在著許多共同點(diǎn)，但他們自己不承認(rèn)。因此他們感到孤獨(dú)的 真正原因是沒有找到合適的表達(dá)方式。故答案選A。
閱讀理解 B
TEXT E
短文大意：這是一篇關(guān)于幾本新書的評論文章。
31.答案：A
【參考譯文】本文的寫作目的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段第五句說"What you need is a good interior-design book."作 者于是分別介紹了幾本有關(guān)室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的書刊。由此可見，作者是在建議人們看一些有關(guān)室內(nèi) 設(shè)計(jì)的書。故答案選A。
TEXT F
短文大意：本文主要介紹的是德國稅收制度改革情況。
32.答案：D
【參考譯文】本文作者的主要寫作目的是什么？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通過掃讀文中的黑體字"One major reason"，"A reform"，"How do"，" An approach"和"Comprehensive tax reform"可知本文作者主要是講述稅收制度改革措 施，故答案選D。
TEXT G
短文大意：本文主要論述的是政府在保護(hù)大眾健康方面應(yīng)起的作用。
33.答案：C
【參考譯文】本文主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了下列哪一項(xiàng)在健康話題中的角色？
【試題分析】本題為主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第一段最后一句提出問題"How can governments help people conserve t heir health and avoid premature death? "下文便開始講述政府應(yīng)在煙草、酒精、垃圾 廣告各方面多作工作。由此可知，全文主要是談?wù)撜诮】祮栴}上的角色。故答案選C。
TEXT H
短文大意：本文主要闡述的是人類反叛的本性。
34.答案：A
【參考譯文】隨著文章論點(diǎn)的展開，文章的寫作特點(diǎn)是什么？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】分析文章段落內(nèi)容從提出問題（must we conform?），然后對該問題進(jìn)行分析， 最后回答解決問題的方法，由此可見，作者論述了"人類具有反叛的本性"這一論點(diǎn)，據(jù)有 一定的說服力。故答案選A"闡述性"。
TEXT I
短文大意：本文是對美國未來的一些社會情況進(jìn)行的預(yù)測。
35.答案：B
【參考譯文】根據(jù)人口調(diào)查預(yù)計(jì)，到2050年美國男性平均壽命能達(dá)到多少歲？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段最后一句說"And by the year 2050, women will have a life exp ectancy of 83.6 years and men of at least 75.1."由此可直接得出正確答案為B。
36.答案：D
【參考譯文】犯罪專家估計(jì)在不久的將來犯罪率將首先在哪些地區(qū)降低？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。 【詳細(xì)解答】短文最后一段最后一句指出"Crime expert Alfred Blumstein, who foresees a drop in crime over the coming decade, predicts that the Northeast and Midwest, …" 由此可直接得出正確答案為D。
TEXT J
短文大意：本文是從1972到1998有關(guān)中美交往的記事表。
37.答案：D
【參考譯文】中美何時(shí)建立正式的外交關(guān)系？
【試題分析】本題為時(shí)間題。
【詳細(xì)解答】快速查看全文，在記事表第五段說"January 1, 1979: China and the US form ally established diplomatic ties."故答案選D。
38.答案：B
【參考譯文】建立新型中美關(guān)系的五項(xiàng)基本原則是江澤民在何什么地方提出來的？
【試題分析】本題為地點(diǎn)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】快速查看全文，在記事表第十二段說"November 14, 1994: Chinese President Jiang Zemin, on the sidelines of attending an informal APEC leadership meeting in Bogor, met US President Bill Clinton in Jakarta and put forward the Five Principles for the establishment of a new type of Sino-US relationship."這里記錄的 是江澤民和克林頓在雅加達(dá)（Jakarta）會面簽訂了五項(xiàng)基本原則。故答案選B。
TEXT K
短文大意：本文介紹的是五位作家及其主要作品。
39.答案：A
【參考譯文】如果你對諷刺小說感興趣，你很可能選擇誰的作品閱讀？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第四段第一句說"Alexander Pope, poet and satirist,…"由此可知，Al exander Pope是一位詩人和諷刺作家，故答案選A。
40.答案：B
【參考譯文】下列哪一位作家是諾貝爾獎獲得者？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段最后一句說"Galsworthy was awarded the Nobel Prize for Liter ature in l932。"由此可知，Galsworthy于1932年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，故答案選B。
翻譯
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
參考譯文
Qiao Yu took to fishing in his old age. He said: "Where there is fish and water, there is good environment, and good environment fills one's heart with joy (makes one feel delighted, delights everyone, gives delight to everyone). I think the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are ready (provided) for you, but an enchanting place in the wild where everything is natural. "Fishing (Angling) is a game that can help improve one's temperament (character). It is good for mental and bodily health. Qiao Yu said: "Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for eating fish and for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well. (The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. ) The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing facing a pool of green water, one casts (throws) aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys (takes) a good rest, both mental and physical."
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
參考譯文
梭羅所理解的"低層次"，即為了擁有而去擁有，或與所有的鄰居明爭暗斗而致?lián)碛?。他心目中?高層次"，則是這樣一種積極的人生戒律，即要使自己對自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。對于他從低層次上節(jié)省下來的時(shí)間和精力，他可將其致力于對高層次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭羅不贊成忍饑挨餓，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力僅果腹而已，只要可確保他能去從事更為重要的事務(wù)，他便別無所求。
付出努力才是其本質(zhì)所在，除非我們終生與困難為伴，否則就無幸?？烧?。正如濟(jì)慈所 言，除去不可能做的事，我們一生獲得的滿足有多大，取決于我們選擇的困難有多強(qiáng)。羅伯 特·福劑羅斯特談到"苦中求樂"時(shí)，也有異曲同工之理。就通常宣傳的幸福而言，其致命弱 點(diǎn)在于聲稱不用付出努力即可獲得幸福。
我們甚至在競賽中尋求困難。我們需要困難，因?yàn)闆]有困難也就無所謂競賽，競賽是制 造困難以求得樂趣之道。競賽規(guī)則就是任意強(qiáng)加的困難。違犯競賽規(guī)則就是破壞樂趣。下棋 時(shí)，隨心所欲，肆意更改強(qiáng)制之規(guī)更易獲勝。然而樂趣源于獲勝而又遵守規(guī)則。沒有困難就 沒有樂趣。
寫作
【參考范文】
The Impact of the Internet on Education
The Internet is making the world smaller and is changing every aspect of our life. There can be no doubt that the Internet will have greater impact on our society and economy. The impact, in my opinion, will be strongly felt in the aspect of education.
First, the Internet provides equal opportunities for all students, as long as they can get access to the Internet. In the traditional form of education, students who get higher marks in examination may enter a better school, and those who do not have to enter a relatively less good one. With the Internet, every student is provided with the same sources of education, so they can get equal opportunities to improve themselves. In that case, the general quality of education will be highly improved in our country.
Second, the Internet poses a challenge, not a danger really to teacher. Traditionally, teachers are the dominator of education, and students are fixed to t he instruction of several specific teachers. This, in fact, may result in the laziness of teachers, since there is no competition. With the Internet, a student may choose any teacher's instruction as far as he likes it, which is an incentive to the faculty of teachers. Faced with this, a teacher is likely to try his best to improve his instruction and this will in turn improve the educational quality of our country.
Last but not least, the internet makes education more convenient for the students. A student can learn at any time he likes and, at the same time, save the money spent on tuition and board. All of these may head to a revolution of education.
After ail, I am not exaggerating the influence of the Internet on education. It is true that the Internet may still remain out of the reach of some one and may be less amicable than human teachers. But the point is that, the Internet is sure to accelerate the development of education.
With the Internet, let us make the education of our country into a better existence!
本套真題測試的語言重點(diǎn)：
重點(diǎn)單詞：
prevail 流行，盛行
preposterous 荒謬的
tumultuous 喧囂的
demographer 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家
niche 【生】小生境
bedraggled 衰敗的，破舊的
cirrhosis 【醫(yī)】硬化
annihilation 滅絕
重點(diǎn)詞組：
bottom out 降至最低點(diǎn)
average out 達(dá)到平均數(shù)
sweep up 掃除，清除
in a way 在某種程度上，稍微
fall off 下降，跌落，減少，衰退
strive for 為……奮斗，爭取