內(nèi)容概要:
今天我們要來復(fù)習(xí)的是:have to, have got to, must not, need在現(xiàn)代英語中,have to 中不定式和疑問句式既可以按照助動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成,也可以按照行為動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成。
Have you to finish the work before supper?
Do you have to finish the work before supper?
have got to ??赏琱ave to換用,但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較:
He has to report to the headquarters every two days.(例行公事,習(xí)慣動(dòng)作)
He has got to report to the headquarters every two days.(一道指示或命令,必得每天報(bào)告一次)
另外,作“有”解時(shí),have got和have通常是可以換用的,have got更口語化,但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較:
The man has a blind eye.那人有一只眼瞎了。
The man has got a blue eye.那人有一只眼被打青了。
must not表示禁止,是說話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告或命令,意為“一定要,不準(zhǔn)”。因此,在回答由must引導(dǎo)的問題時(shí),如果是否定的回答,表示“不必,沒有必要”,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to.試比較:
You must not drive fast.你不能開快車。(路險(xiǎn)或有速度限制)
You needn’t drive fast.(時(shí)間充裕)
You must not tell others.(警告)
You needn’t tell others.(沒有必要)
needs為副詞,相當(dāng)于necessarily, of necessity. must needs和needs must均可表示“必須,必定,不得不”,這層意義上可以通用;但must needs還可表示“偏偏,偏要”,含有譏諷、不滿的意思,而needs must則一般無這層意思。例如:
I must needs go there now.
我現(xiàn)在非到那里去不可。(可用needs must)
Needs must when the devil drives.
情勢所迫不得不那樣。
She must needs go away when I want her.
我正需要她時(shí),她偏偏離開了。(不可用needs must) 更多信息
The telephone must needs ring when I went to bed.
我上床睡覺時(shí)偏偏有人來電話。(不可用needs must)
need指主語的主觀特需情況而使之必要。need既可以作助動(dòng)詞,又可以作行為動(dòng)詞。作助動(dòng)詞時(shí),need沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接不帶to的不定式(動(dòng)詞原形),否定式為needn’t.作行動(dòng)動(dòng)詞時(shí),need同別的行為動(dòng)詞一樣,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接帶to的不定式,否定式要在前面加don’t(doesn’t, didn’t),疑問句用do (does, did) 提問。例如:
There need be no hurry, need there?
He need never know. (=He never needs to know.)
I need only add a few words. (= I only need to add a few words.)
比較:
Father sent me the book, so I didn’t need to write to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來了,所以我不必為此給他寫信了。(信沒寫)
Father sent me the book, so I needn’t have written to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來了,所以我本不該為此再寫信給他的。(信已寫)
She didn’t need to come.她不必來的。(實(shí)際也沒來)
She needn’t have come.她本來不必來的。(但卻來了)
Note:
作助動(dòng)詞用時(shí),need只用于疑問句中和否定句中,在肯定句中常用must, have to, should, ought to等。例如:
Need you do it right now? I needn’t, but he must.
She doesn’t need to be told. She has already known it.
(客觀情況使得告訴她沒有必要:她已經(jīng)知道)
She needn’t be told. We should keep it secret from her.
(主觀上不愿告訴)
今天我們要來復(fù)習(xí)的是:have to, have got to, must not, need在現(xiàn)代英語中,have to 中不定式和疑問句式既可以按照助動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成,也可以按照行為動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成。
Have you to finish the work before supper?
Do you have to finish the work before supper?
have got to ??赏琱ave to換用,但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較:
He has to report to the headquarters every two days.(例行公事,習(xí)慣動(dòng)作)
He has got to report to the headquarters every two days.(一道指示或命令,必得每天報(bào)告一次)
另外,作“有”解時(shí),have got和have通常是可以換用的,have got更口語化,但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較:
The man has a blind eye.那人有一只眼瞎了。
The man has got a blue eye.那人有一只眼被打青了。
must not表示禁止,是說話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告或命令,意為“一定要,不準(zhǔn)”。因此,在回答由must引導(dǎo)的問題時(shí),如果是否定的回答,表示“不必,沒有必要”,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to.試比較:
You must not drive fast.你不能開快車。(路險(xiǎn)或有速度限制)
You needn’t drive fast.(時(shí)間充裕)
You must not tell others.(警告)
You needn’t tell others.(沒有必要)
needs為副詞,相當(dāng)于necessarily, of necessity. must needs和needs must均可表示“必須,必定,不得不”,這層意義上可以通用;但must needs還可表示“偏偏,偏要”,含有譏諷、不滿的意思,而needs must則一般無這層意思。例如:
I must needs go there now.
我現(xiàn)在非到那里去不可。(可用needs must)
Needs must when the devil drives.
情勢所迫不得不那樣。
She must needs go away when I want her.
我正需要她時(shí),她偏偏離開了。(不可用needs must) 更多信息
The telephone must needs ring when I went to bed.
我上床睡覺時(shí)偏偏有人來電話。(不可用needs must)
need指主語的主觀特需情況而使之必要。need既可以作助動(dòng)詞,又可以作行為動(dòng)詞。作助動(dòng)詞時(shí),need沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接不帶to的不定式(動(dòng)詞原形),否定式為needn’t.作行動(dòng)動(dòng)詞時(shí),need同別的行為動(dòng)詞一樣,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接帶to的不定式,否定式要在前面加don’t(doesn’t, didn’t),疑問句用do (does, did) 提問。例如:
There need be no hurry, need there?
He need never know. (=He never needs to know.)
I need only add a few words. (= I only need to add a few words.)
比較:
Father sent me the book, so I didn’t need to write to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來了,所以我不必為此給他寫信了。(信沒寫)
Father sent me the book, so I needn’t have written to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來了,所以我本不該為此再寫信給他的。(信已寫)
She didn’t need to come.她不必來的。(實(shí)際也沒來)
She needn’t have come.她本來不必來的。(但卻來了)
Note:
作助動(dòng)詞用時(shí),need只用于疑問句中和否定句中,在肯定句中常用must, have to, should, ought to等。例如:
Need you do it right now? I needn’t, but he must.
She doesn’t need to be told. She has already known it.
(客觀情況使得告訴她沒有必要:她已經(jīng)知道)
She needn’t be told. We should keep it secret from her.
(主觀上不愿告訴)