11月1日 -- 萬(wàn)聖節(jié) All Saints' Day
11月2日 -- 墨西哥的鬼節(jié) Day of Death
萬(wàn)聖節(jié)(All Saints' Day, All Hallow's Day或Hallowmas) 是每年11月1日 的歐美大節(jié)日。
Halloween 是 All Hallows Eve 的縮寫(xiě)，萬(wàn)聖節(jié)前夜的意思，指10月31日的晚上。
For thousands of years people have been celebrating different holidays and festivals at the end of October. The Celts celebrated it as Samhain (pronounced "sow-in", with "sow" rhyming with cow). The Irish English dictionary published by the Irish Texts Society defines the word as follows:
"Samhain, All Hallowtide, the feast of the dead in Pagan and Christian times, signalizing the close of harvest and the initiation of the winter season, lasting till May, during which troops (esp. the Fiann) were quartered. Faeries were imagined as particularly active at this season. From it the half year is reckoned. also called Feile Moingfinne (Snow Goddess).(1) The Scottish Gaelis Dictionary defines it as "Hallowtide. The Feast of All Soula. Sam + Fuin = end of summer."(2) Contrary to the information published by many organizations, there is no archaeological or literary evidence to indicate that Samhain was a deity. The Celtic Gods of the dead were Gwynn ap Nudd for the British, and Arawn for the Welsh. The Irish did not have a "lord of death" as such.
The Celts believed that every year on the last day of October, the souls of the dead visited the earth.www.
When the Romans conquered the Celts in the first century A.D., they added parts of their festivals, Feralia and Pomona to the tradition. Feralia was a festival to honor the dead and Pomona was a harvest festival named after the goddess of fruit (apples) and trees.
Around the eigth century, the Christian church made November 1 All Saints' Day to honor all of the saints that didn't have a special day of their own. Over the years these festivals combined, the mass held on All Saints' Day was called Allhallowmas (the mass of all Hallows - saintly people). The night before was known as All Hallows Eve. Eventually this name became Halloween.
In the 1800s, as a lot of people emigrated to the U.S., the holidays and traditions of different cultures merged. Halloween was not always a happy time. October 31, or the night before took on other names. Some called it Devil's or Hell night, to others it was mischief night. Here in Vermont, the night before is called cabbage night. To some people this became a time to play tricks on others. Some of these tricks were not fun at all. Luckily, community groups and individuals took action and started to change Halloween into a family event. Dressing up in costumes and going "trick or treating", costume parades, community parties and Fall festivals are some of the ways that Halloween is celebrated today.
Other countries have different Fall festivals to honor the deceased.
The Festival of the Dead is one of the most important happenings in both Palermo and the rest of Sicily. The second of November is a festival day for the children of Palermo as, according to tradition,they were made to believe that their dead relatives would return the night before and leave them traditional sweets and cakes on the table (Martorana fruit, which is almond paste made into the shape of different fruit). They would also receive puppets of boiled sugar and toys. It's one way of keeping the memory of their dead relatives and loved ones alive.
一年中最“鬧鬼”的這天夜里，各種妖魔鬼怪、 海盜、 外星來(lái)客和巫婆們紛紛出動(dòng)。在基督紀(jì)元以前，凱爾特人在夏未舉行儀式感激上蒼和太陽(yáng)的恩惠。
當(dāng)時(shí)的占卜者點(diǎn)燃並施巫術(shù)以驅(qū)趕據(jù)說(shuō)在四周游蕩的妖魔怪。后來(lái)，羅馬人用果仁和蘋(píng)果來(lái)慶祝的豐收節(jié)與凱爾特人的10月31日溶合了。
在中世紀(jì)，人們穿上動(dòng)物造型的服飾、 戴上可怕的面具是想在萬(wàn)聖節(jié)前夜驅(qū)趕黑夜中的鬼怪。盡管後來(lái)基督教代替了凱爾特和羅馬的宗教活動(dòng)，早期的習(xí)俗還是保留下來(lái)了?，F(xiàn)在，孩子們帶著開(kāi)玩笑的心理穿戴上各種服飾和面具參加萬(wàn)聖節(jié)舞會(huì)，這些舞會(huì)四周的牆上往往懸掛著用紙糊的巫婆、 黑貓、 鬼怪和尸骨，窗前和門(mén)口則吊著齜牙裂嘴或是面目可憎的南瓜燈
11月2日 -- 墨西哥的鬼節(jié) Day of Death
萬(wàn)聖節(jié)(All Saints' Day, All Hallow's Day或Hallowmas) 是每年11月1日 的歐美大節(jié)日。
Halloween 是 All Hallows Eve 的縮寫(xiě)，萬(wàn)聖節(jié)前夜的意思，指10月31日的晚上。
For thousands of years people have been celebrating different holidays and festivals at the end of October. The Celts celebrated it as Samhain (pronounced "sow-in", with "sow" rhyming with cow). The Irish English dictionary published by the Irish Texts Society defines the word as follows:
"Samhain, All Hallowtide, the feast of the dead in Pagan and Christian times, signalizing the close of harvest and the initiation of the winter season, lasting till May, during which troops (esp. the Fiann) were quartered. Faeries were imagined as particularly active at this season. From it the half year is reckoned. also called Feile Moingfinne (Snow Goddess).(1) The Scottish Gaelis Dictionary defines it as "Hallowtide. The Feast of All Soula. Sam + Fuin = end of summer."(2) Contrary to the information published by many organizations, there is no archaeological or literary evidence to indicate that Samhain was a deity. The Celtic Gods of the dead were Gwynn ap Nudd for the British, and Arawn for the Welsh. The Irish did not have a "lord of death" as such.
The Celts believed that every year on the last day of October, the souls of the dead visited the earth.www.
When the Romans conquered the Celts in the first century A.D., they added parts of their festivals, Feralia and Pomona to the tradition. Feralia was a festival to honor the dead and Pomona was a harvest festival named after the goddess of fruit (apples) and trees.
Around the eigth century, the Christian church made November 1 All Saints' Day to honor all of the saints that didn't have a special day of their own. Over the years these festivals combined, the mass held on All Saints' Day was called Allhallowmas (the mass of all Hallows - saintly people). The night before was known as All Hallows Eve. Eventually this name became Halloween.
In the 1800s, as a lot of people emigrated to the U.S., the holidays and traditions of different cultures merged. Halloween was not always a happy time. October 31, or the night before took on other names. Some called it Devil's or Hell night, to others it was mischief night. Here in Vermont, the night before is called cabbage night. To some people this became a time to play tricks on others. Some of these tricks were not fun at all. Luckily, community groups and individuals took action and started to change Halloween into a family event. Dressing up in costumes and going "trick or treating", costume parades, community parties and Fall festivals are some of the ways that Halloween is celebrated today.
Other countries have different Fall festivals to honor the deceased.
The Festival of the Dead is one of the most important happenings in both Palermo and the rest of Sicily. The second of November is a festival day for the children of Palermo as, according to tradition,they were made to believe that their dead relatives would return the night before and leave them traditional sweets and cakes on the table (Martorana fruit, which is almond paste made into the shape of different fruit). They would also receive puppets of boiled sugar and toys. It's one way of keeping the memory of their dead relatives and loved ones alive.
一年中最“鬧鬼”的這天夜里，各種妖魔鬼怪、 海盜、 外星來(lái)客和巫婆們紛紛出動(dòng)。在基督紀(jì)元以前，凱爾特人在夏未舉行儀式感激上蒼和太陽(yáng)的恩惠。
當(dāng)時(shí)的占卜者點(diǎn)燃並施巫術(shù)以驅(qū)趕據(jù)說(shuō)在四周游蕩的妖魔怪。后來(lái)，羅馬人用果仁和蘋(píng)果來(lái)慶祝的豐收節(jié)與凱爾特人的10月31日溶合了。
在中世紀(jì)，人們穿上動(dòng)物造型的服飾、 戴上可怕的面具是想在萬(wàn)聖節(jié)前夜驅(qū)趕黑夜中的鬼怪。盡管後來(lái)基督教代替了凱爾特和羅馬的宗教活動(dòng)，早期的習(xí)俗還是保留下來(lái)了?，F(xiàn)在，孩子們帶著開(kāi)玩笑的心理穿戴上各種服飾和面具參加萬(wàn)聖節(jié)舞會(huì)，這些舞會(huì)四周的牆上往往懸掛著用紙糊的巫婆、 黑貓、 鬼怪和尸骨，窗前和門(mén)口則吊著齜牙裂嘴或是面目可憎的南瓜燈