英語寫作中“he”和“she”的使用

字號:

1)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
    Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended.
    Revised: When bathing babies, never leave them unattended.
    給嬰兒洗澡時,一定要時刻在他們旁邊照管。
    2)用we/us/our改寫原句。
    Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
    Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.
    各盡所能,按需分配。
    3)改用第二人稱。
    Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on an installment plan and raised an adolescent.
    Revised: You don't know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
    只有當(dāng)汽車沒油、分期付款購物和撫養(yǎng)青春期的孩子時,人的本來品性才會顯露出來。
    4)改用被動語態(tài)。
    Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both. Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils, chooses both.
    當(dāng)面對兩種罪惡要做出選擇的時候就兩個都選。
    5)完全省略代詞。
    Sexist: What does a person thinks of after he becomes a deportee?
    Revised: What does a person thinks of after becoming a deportee?
    一個人被驅(qū)逐之后會作何感想呢?
    6)用冠詞替代。
    Sexist: Can a critic give his opinion of...?
    Revised: Can a critic give an opinion of...?
    評論家能評論...嗎?
    7)用someone,one,the one,no one等替代。
    Sexist: He who can take advice is sometimes superior to he who can give it.
    Revised: Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it.
    接受忠告者有時勝過發(fā)出忠告者。
    8)使用he and she或his and her,但使用的次數(shù)不宜太多。she/he僅可用于備忘錄(memos)、便條(notes),或者非正式的交談之中。
    9)用名詞或上下文中用過的同義詞替換。
    Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye - to keep him, two.
    Revised: To find a friend, one must close one eye - to keep one, two.
    想找朋友,就得睜一只眼,閉一只眼;想留住朋友,就得雙眼都閉上。
    2. 盡量使用那些包括兩性在內(nèi)的詞,即無性別之分的詞(gender-free words)。
    例如:child,teacher,officer(警官),people,worker,immigrant(移民),voter(投票者,選民),coach(教練),church member(教友),sales rep(推銷員),grand parent(外/祖父或祖母),leader,evening student,employee (雇員),test taker (考生,應(yīng)試者),engineer,customers(顧客),dealer(交易者,商人),clerk(職員,辦事員),civilian(平民),scientist,operator(接線員,辦事員),patriot(愛國者),person,planner(策劃者,計劃者),politician(政客),producer(生產(chǎn)者、制造者),tutor(家庭教師,導(dǎo)師),reporter,writer,chief executive(首席行政長官),everybody,expert等。
    3. 寫信時,如果不知道收信人的性別,不要使用傳統(tǒng)的Dear Sir和Dear Madam。可以選用下列之一:
    1) Dear Friends of the Library(親愛的圖書館的朋友們)
    2)Dear Sir/Madam, (親愛的女士們及先生們)
    3) Dear Personnel Officer(親愛的人事處長)
    4)Dear Committee Member(親愛的委員)
    5)Dear Citizen(親愛的公民)
    6)Dear Customer(親愛的顧客)
    7) Dear Councilor(親愛的參議員/顧問)
    8)Dear Agent(親愛的代理)
    9)Dear Director(親愛的廠長/局長/主任)
    10) To Whom it May Concern(致有關(guān)人士)