Passage 4
George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans. Carver’s first step was to study plant parts to find out what they were made of. He then combined these simpler isolated substances with other substances to create new products.
The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy. Carver was one of the first and greatest chemurgists of all time. Today, the science of chemurgy is better known as the science of synthetics(人造合成).Each day people depend on and use synthetic materials made from raw materials. All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to develop substitutes(替代品)for the natural substances being used up by humans.
Carver never cared about getting credit(榮譽(yù)) for the new products he created. He never tried to patent(申請專利) his discoveries or get wealthy from them. He turned down many offers to leave Tuskegee Institute to become a rich scientist in private industry. Thomas Edison, inventor of the electric light, offered him a laboratory in Detroit to carry out food research. When the United States government made him a collaborator(合作者) in the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey of the Department of Agriculture, he accepted the position with the understanding that he wouldn’t have to leave Tuskegee. An authority on plant diseases—especially of the fungus variety—Carver sent hundreds of specimens to the United States Department of Agriculture. At the peak of his carreer, Carver’s fame and influence were known on every continent.
16.The passage is mainly concerned with _____.
A. the use of plants as a source of nutrition
B. the research conducted at Tuskegee Institute
C. the progress of the science of synthetics
D. the work and career of George Washington Carver
17.In Line 2,the word “step” could best be replaced by _____.
A. footprint B. action
C. scale D. stair
18.According to the passage, chemurgy can be defined as the _____.
A. development of industrial products from farm products
B. research on chemistry of the soil
C. study of the relationship between sunlight and energy
D. combination of chemistry and metallurgy
19.The author mentions Thomas Edison’s offer to Carver in order to _____.
A. contrast Edison’s contribution with that of Carver
B. portray the wealth of one of Carver’s competitors
C. illustrate one of Carver’s many opportunities
D. describe Carver’s dependence on industrial support
20.Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage as work done by Carver?
A. Research on electricity B. Analysis of plant parts
C. Invention of new products D. Research on plant diseases
Ⅶ.Translate the following into English with words or phrases given in brackets, and then write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(25%)
1.如果你不按照教授的指導(dǎo)去做，你的實(shí)驗(yàn)注定要失敗。(be bound to)
2.我們極力勸說那位老人離開那棟危房，老人就是不肯。(in vain)
3.世界飛速變化，我們不得不時刻去適應(yīng)它。(adjust)
4.警察到處尋找前一天在動物園里走失的那個5歲男孩。(search for)
5.年老體弱的人容易患流感。(subject to)
George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans. Carver’s first step was to study plant parts to find out what they were made of. He then combined these simpler isolated substances with other substances to create new products.
The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy. Carver was one of the first and greatest chemurgists of all time. Today, the science of chemurgy is better known as the science of synthetics(人造合成).Each day people depend on and use synthetic materials made from raw materials. All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to develop substitutes(替代品)for the natural substances being used up by humans.
Carver never cared about getting credit(榮譽(yù)) for the new products he created. He never tried to patent(申請專利) his discoveries or get wealthy from them. He turned down many offers to leave Tuskegee Institute to become a rich scientist in private industry. Thomas Edison, inventor of the electric light, offered him a laboratory in Detroit to carry out food research. When the United States government made him a collaborator(合作者) in the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey of the Department of Agriculture, he accepted the position with the understanding that he wouldn’t have to leave Tuskegee. An authority on plant diseases—especially of the fungus variety—Carver sent hundreds of specimens to the United States Department of Agriculture. At the peak of his carreer, Carver’s fame and influence were known on every continent.
16.The passage is mainly concerned with _____.
A. the use of plants as a source of nutrition
B. the research conducted at Tuskegee Institute
C. the progress of the science of synthetics
D. the work and career of George Washington Carver
17.In Line 2,the word “step” could best be replaced by _____.
A. footprint B. action
C. scale D. stair
18.According to the passage, chemurgy can be defined as the _____.
A. development of industrial products from farm products
B. research on chemistry of the soil
C. study of the relationship between sunlight and energy
D. combination of chemistry and metallurgy
19.The author mentions Thomas Edison’s offer to Carver in order to _____.
A. contrast Edison’s contribution with that of Carver
B. portray the wealth of one of Carver’s competitors
C. illustrate one of Carver’s many opportunities
D. describe Carver’s dependence on industrial support
20.Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage as work done by Carver?
A. Research on electricity B. Analysis of plant parts
C. Invention of new products D. Research on plant diseases
Ⅶ.Translate the following into English with words or phrases given in brackets, and then write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(25%)
1.如果你不按照教授的指導(dǎo)去做，你的實(shí)驗(yàn)注定要失敗。(be bound to)
2.我們極力勸說那位老人離開那棟危房，老人就是不肯。(in vain)
3.世界飛速變化，我們不得不時刻去適應(yīng)它。(adjust)
4.警察到處尋找前一天在動物園里走失的那個5歲男孩。(search for)
5.年老體弱的人容易患流感。(subject to)