Passage 3
Poverty and Health
Pediatrician, Dr. Tony Walters ton has growing evidence that the health deficit
between those in Social Class Five, that is the lowest rung on the socioeconomic
ladder, and those who are better off, begins in childhood.
"In mortality, the biggest effect is in child accidents. There are five-fold
accidents between Social Class Five and Social Class One, particularly in road
accidents. And this is almost certainly play on the streets. In the homes, it
is related to home safety and the lack, in poor housing, poor quality housing,
of safety measures. So there are no smoke alarms, so the fires are more common,
and there is lack of protection on stairs and on windows, so that children have
accidents much more commonly. This is a very major difference."
"Fivefold difference is a very major difference."
"Quite, quite. It is also in terms of morbidity, which means the diseases
children get and then dir. All infections are much greater in Social Class Five.
In pneumonia, whooping cough, ear infections, and ear infection, in particular,
has an impact in education, because children have hearing loss. And these are
probably due to damp and over-crowding, so that children are brought more closer
together and infections happen more easily."
"More than one in three children are now growing up in relative poverty. Twenty
years ago it was one in ten. And family’s income is less than half the national
average wage."
Dr. Iona Heath, who works in an inner city practice in London, sees the impact
on her patients of low income, compounded by poor employment prospects, poor
housing and poor diet.
"It generates a chronic stress that seems to undermine physical and mental
health."
"Can you see it literally in people as they come into surgery? I mean, they
just don’t look well?"
"You can see that people look tired, and stressed, and defeated, and feel no
sense of place in society that’s apparently doing well. I think that’s the argument
about relative poverty. It’s that there’s a lot of rhetoric about how well people
are doing. You see a lot of wonderful, glossy advertisements about how life could
be and yet it’s million miles away from the life that you have. And you begin
to feel a bit overwhelmed by it, because the number of times that I have to
prescribe anti-depression medication for people who have become clinically
depressed. But they and I know that what they need is a move of housing, and more
appropriate housing, more space. People, you know, families of four, living in
two rooms with teenage children, it’s unacceptable."
The other side of the coin is that the socially advantaged are living longer,
healthier lives that ever before.
(7) The relation between poverty and health _____.
A. is only felt by doctors
B. does exist
C. is a myth
D. has not been studied yet
(8) Accidents happen ______.
A. among children from both poor and rich families alike
B. among children from poor families far more often
C. among adults more than children
D. among starving children only
(9) According to Dr Heath, the influence of poverty upon her patients are ______.
A. both physical and mental
B. more physical than mental
C. only physical
D. more mental than physical
(10) The impression we gather from this passage is that ______.
A. the number of poor people is decreasing
B. the number of poor people is going up
C. the entire population has increased
D. the entire population has decreased
Ⅵ.完形填空。（10%）
When we work --and also when play --we use up energy. The energy may be physical
or mental or a combination of the two. If we 1 someone at a job and keep him
at it continuously without rest, ultimately he will break 2 and be unable to
go on. If, however, he can stop for 3 or do something else for a change, he
will be able to work for a longer period of time. Efficiency, then, seems to be
in a large 4 a matter of the distribution (分布) of work and rest periods. Inordinary life work and rest usually take place by 5 . We work during the day,
and sleep at night. We continue to alternate between work and rest, 6 .
Suppose now we consider a single period of work. We notice first that the worker
is less efficient at the 7 beginning than he is after working a short time.
This phenomenon, 8 "warming up," is found in many different activities. Some
activities need a long warming up period 9 others need a short period. The
speed 10 which the point of highest efficiency is reached varies from
individual to individual.
(1) A. set B. make C. get D. send
(2) A. up B. down C. away D. out
(3) A. a while B. a little C. ever D. short
(4) A. degree B. amount C. part D. extent
(5) A. nature B. chance C. order D. turns
(6) A. from time to time B. year in and year out
C. for ever and ever D. every now and then
(7) A. far B. most C. very D. first
(8) A. called B. being called C. to be called D. having been called
(9) A. when B. while C. or D. for
(10) A. in B. with C. by D. at
Poverty and Health
Pediatrician, Dr. Tony Walters ton has growing evidence that the health deficit
between those in Social Class Five, that is the lowest rung on the socioeconomic
ladder, and those who are better off, begins in childhood.
"In mortality, the biggest effect is in child accidents. There are five-fold
accidents between Social Class Five and Social Class One, particularly in road
accidents. And this is almost certainly play on the streets. In the homes, it
is related to home safety and the lack, in poor housing, poor quality housing,
of safety measures. So there are no smoke alarms, so the fires are more common,
and there is lack of protection on stairs and on windows, so that children have
accidents much more commonly. This is a very major difference."
"Fivefold difference is a very major difference."
"Quite, quite. It is also in terms of morbidity, which means the diseases
children get and then dir. All infections are much greater in Social Class Five.
In pneumonia, whooping cough, ear infections, and ear infection, in particular,
has an impact in education, because children have hearing loss. And these are
probably due to damp and over-crowding, so that children are brought more closer
together and infections happen more easily."
"More than one in three children are now growing up in relative poverty. Twenty
years ago it was one in ten. And family’s income is less than half the national
average wage."
Dr. Iona Heath, who works in an inner city practice in London, sees the impact
on her patients of low income, compounded by poor employment prospects, poor
housing and poor diet.
"It generates a chronic stress that seems to undermine physical and mental
health."
"Can you see it literally in people as they come into surgery? I mean, they
just don’t look well?"
"You can see that people look tired, and stressed, and defeated, and feel no
sense of place in society that’s apparently doing well. I think that’s the argument
about relative poverty. It’s that there’s a lot of rhetoric about how well people
are doing. You see a lot of wonderful, glossy advertisements about how life could
be and yet it’s million miles away from the life that you have. And you begin
to feel a bit overwhelmed by it, because the number of times that I have to
prescribe anti-depression medication for people who have become clinically
depressed. But they and I know that what they need is a move of housing, and more
appropriate housing, more space. People, you know, families of four, living in
two rooms with teenage children, it’s unacceptable."
The other side of the coin is that the socially advantaged are living longer,
healthier lives that ever before.
(7) The relation between poverty and health _____.
A. is only felt by doctors
B. does exist
C. is a myth
D. has not been studied yet
(8) Accidents happen ______.
A. among children from both poor and rich families alike
B. among children from poor families far more often
C. among adults more than children
D. among starving children only
(9) According to Dr Heath, the influence of poverty upon her patients are ______.
A. both physical and mental
B. more physical than mental
C. only physical
D. more mental than physical
(10) The impression we gather from this passage is that ______.
A. the number of poor people is decreasing
B. the number of poor people is going up
C. the entire population has increased
D. the entire population has decreased
Ⅵ.完形填空。（10%）
When we work --and also when play --we use up energy. The energy may be physical
or mental or a combination of the two. If we 1 someone at a job and keep him
at it continuously without rest, ultimately he will break 2 and be unable to
go on. If, however, he can stop for 3 or do something else for a change, he
will be able to work for a longer period of time. Efficiency, then, seems to be
in a large 4 a matter of the distribution (分布) of work and rest periods. Inordinary life work and rest usually take place by 5 . We work during the day,
and sleep at night. We continue to alternate between work and rest, 6 .
Suppose now we consider a single period of work. We notice first that the worker
is less efficient at the 7 beginning than he is after working a short time.
This phenomenon, 8 "warming up," is found in many different activities. Some
activities need a long warming up period 9 others need a short period. The
speed 10 which the point of highest efficiency is reached varies from
individual to individual.
(1) A. set B. make C. get D. send
(2) A. up B. down C. away D. out
(3) A. a while B. a little C. ever D. short
(4) A. degree B. amount C. part D. extent
(5) A. nature B. chance C. order D. turns
(6) A. from time to time B. year in and year out
C. for ever and ever D. every now and then
(7) A. far B. most C. very D. first
(8) A. called B. being called C. to be called D. having been called
(9) A. when B. while C. or D. for
(10) A. in B. with C. by D. at