翻譯
翻譯一:
中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化,有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如,土豪和大媽都是老詞,但已獲取了新的意義。
土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主,現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人, 也就是說,土豪有錢,但是沒有品位。大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼,但是現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。
土豪和大媽可能會(huì)被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英語詞典,至今約有120中文加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典,成了英語語言的一部分。
The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they get different meanings now.
The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.
Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.
此篇文章難度系數(shù)不高,屬于熱門話題,所以同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)備考時(shí)可以多了解一些熱門話題并對(duì)其相關(guān)的英文文章多加記憶,會(huì)對(duì)考試有很大的幫助。
首先我們來看第一段話的重要考察點(diǎn):
1中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化,有些(The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which),這里考查的語法知識(shí)很典型,屬于非限定性定語從句,從句中的which 指代Chinese heated words。如果基礎(chǔ)不好的同學(xué)也可以不用從句而直接用and 連接兩個(gè)簡單句的翻譯方法,比如(social changes and culture, and some of them )。
2愈來愈流行 (increasingly popular) 這里屬于“越來越+形容詞”的考查點(diǎn)如果基礎(chǔ)不好的同學(xué)可以用最樸素的more and more +adj. 來替換,這里不像寫作,只需要你能翻出來正確的表達(dá)就ok 。
3例如 (for example )注意舉例子在翻譯中是非常常見的知識(shí)點(diǎn),所以同學(xué)們一定要多積累一些舉例的方法。 以下列出一些常用的表達(dá): like ,such as ,for example , for instance 。
第二段重點(diǎn)分析如下:
1 定語從句 :指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主 (rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants) 考查標(biāo)志詞“的”,在翻譯中遇到“V.+n.+的+n.” 這樣的表達(dá)時(shí)我們可以考慮使用定從來翻譯。比如我們看這句話后面的一部分 “現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人” 這里的“喜歡炫耀+財(cái)富+的+人”符合我們的模式,我們可以這樣翻譯:people who spend money without any limits or like to show off around 。 當(dāng)然范文中使用的是分詞做定語(people spending money without limits or those showing off all around) 基礎(chǔ)好的同學(xué)可以用這樣的翻譯方法,但實(shí)在不能掌握的用定語從句也是很好的。
2 解釋,描述性的詞語:本段多處用到描述的詞語而在翻譯中描述的詞匯也是極其??嫉模M瑢W(xué)們多做積累。這里列出一些描述,解釋性的詞語供大家參考:mean ,refers to ,that is to say,describe ,be regarded as .
3狀語從句:(現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。)這句話是定語從句+狀語從句的考查,考查的是when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。對(duì)于這種從句復(fù)合式的考法同學(xué)們要理清思路,只要思路清晰翻譯起來很好拿分。 這里定語從句的判斷還是服從我們講過的“v.購買+n.黃金+的+n.婦女” 模式 。
第三段的重點(diǎn)如下:
1 多動(dòng)詞的翻譯:一句話中若有多個(gè)動(dòng)詞那這句話的翻譯時(shí)動(dòng)詞的翻譯一定是重點(diǎn)考查對(duì)象。(土豪和大媽可能會(huì)被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英語詞典,至今約有120中文加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典,成了英語語言的一部分。 )
此句中第一第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)被至今這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語所分割開來,所以沒有什么好講的,而第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞與第三個(gè)之間沒有明顯的銜接或分割,那么我們就要注意要么用連詞連接成為兩個(gè)簡單句(比如Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, and become a part of English language).要么使用其他的方法講起成為一個(gè)句子,而這里我們使用的是將第三個(gè)動(dòng)詞用分詞形式來出現(xiàn)。(Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.)以上兩種翻譯方法都是可行的。
綜上所述,不難看出本篇文章翻譯所考察的知識(shí)點(diǎn)其實(shí)是很常見的知識(shí)點(diǎn),而且一句話往往有很多種翻譯方法,它并不像寫作那樣對(duì)于表達(dá)有所謂高級(jí)和低級(jí)之分,只要能翻出正確的表達(dá),都是能夠拿到相應(yīng)分?jǐn)?shù)的,所以在翻譯過程中一定要選擇自己所能駕馭的層次來翻,不求多難只求達(dá)意。
二:
最近中國科學(xué)院(Chinese Academy of Science )出版了關(guān)于其最新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)與未來一年展望的年度系列報(bào)告。系列報(bào)告包括三部分:科學(xué)發(fā)展報(bào)告,高技術(shù)發(fā)展報(bào)告,中國可持續(xù)戰(zhàn)略報(bào)告。第一份報(bào)告包含中國科學(xué)家的最新發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如新粒子研究與H7N9病毒研究的突破。該報(bào)告還突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了未來幾年需要關(guān)注的問題。第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的熱門領(lǐng)域,如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份報(bào)告呼吁加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì),以消除工業(yè)升級(jí)中的結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙,并促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排。
Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of artificial human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction.
解析:第一句,修飾成分較長,注意分清主干(中國科學(xué)院出版了年度系列報(bào)告);第二句,句式簡單,考察詞匯;第三句考察同義詞包括(include,consist of)替換;第四句無難度;第五句結(jié)構(gòu)和第三句一致,考察專業(yè)詞匯的翻譯(應(yīng)用科學(xué),3D); 第六句考察suggest后虛擬語氣用should do, do 通常省略,另外考察詞匯節(jié)能減排。
三:
北京計(jì)劃未來三年投資7600億元治理污染,從減少pm2.5排放入手。這一新公布的計(jì)劃旨在減少四種主要污染源,包括500萬輛機(jī)動(dòng)車的尾氣排放、周邊地區(qū)燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵,另外850億元用于新建或升級(jí)城市垃圾處理和污水處理設(shè)施,加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林。
市政府還計(jì)劃建造一批水循環(huán)利用工廠,并制止違章建筑,以改善環(huán)境。另外,北京還將更嚴(yán)厲地處罰違反減排規(guī)定的行為。
Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5 . This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city. In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.
The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment. Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.
解析:第一句包含兩個(gè)簡單句,兩句主語一致,所以可以將后半句改為非謂語形式; 第二句,考察詞匯尾氣、燃煤、沙塵暴、建筑灰塵;第三句和第四句都是簡單句,考察垃圾處理、污水處理、植樹造林的表達(dá);第五句兩項(xiàng)政府舉措,仍然將第二句用非謂語表達(dá)。最后一句注意定語從句的使用。
翻譯一:
中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化,有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如,土豪和大媽都是老詞,但已獲取了新的意義。
土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主,現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人, 也就是說,土豪有錢,但是沒有品位。大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼,但是現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。
土豪和大媽可能會(huì)被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英語詞典,至今約有120中文加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典,成了英語語言的一部分。
The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they get different meanings now.
The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.
Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.
此篇文章難度系數(shù)不高,屬于熱門話題,所以同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)備考時(shí)可以多了解一些熱門話題并對(duì)其相關(guān)的英文文章多加記憶,會(huì)對(duì)考試有很大的幫助。
首先我們來看第一段話的重要考察點(diǎn):
1中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化,有些(The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which),這里考查的語法知識(shí)很典型,屬于非限定性定語從句,從句中的which 指代Chinese heated words。如果基礎(chǔ)不好的同學(xué)也可以不用從句而直接用and 連接兩個(gè)簡單句的翻譯方法,比如(social changes and culture, and some of them )。
2愈來愈流行 (increasingly popular) 這里屬于“越來越+形容詞”的考查點(diǎn)如果基礎(chǔ)不好的同學(xué)可以用最樸素的more and more +adj. 來替換,這里不像寫作,只需要你能翻出來正確的表達(dá)就ok 。
3例如 (for example )注意舉例子在翻譯中是非常常見的知識(shí)點(diǎn),所以同學(xué)們一定要多積累一些舉例的方法。 以下列出一些常用的表達(dá): like ,such as ,for example , for instance 。
第二段重點(diǎn)分析如下:
1 定語從句 :指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主 (rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants) 考查標(biāo)志詞“的”,在翻譯中遇到“V.+n.+的+n.” 這樣的表達(dá)時(shí)我們可以考慮使用定從來翻譯。比如我們看這句話后面的一部分 “現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人” 這里的“喜歡炫耀+財(cái)富+的+人”符合我們的模式,我們可以這樣翻譯:people who spend money without any limits or like to show off around 。 當(dāng)然范文中使用的是分詞做定語(people spending money without limits or those showing off all around) 基礎(chǔ)好的同學(xué)可以用這樣的翻譯方法,但實(shí)在不能掌握的用定語從句也是很好的。
2 解釋,描述性的詞語:本段多處用到描述的詞語而在翻譯中描述的詞匯也是極其??嫉模M瑢W(xué)們多做積累。這里列出一些描述,解釋性的詞語供大家參考:mean ,refers to ,that is to say,describe ,be regarded as .
3狀語從句:(現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。)這句話是定語從句+狀語從句的考查,考查的是when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。對(duì)于這種從句復(fù)合式的考法同學(xué)們要理清思路,只要思路清晰翻譯起來很好拿分。 這里定語從句的判斷還是服從我們講過的“v.購買+n.黃金+的+n.婦女” 模式 。
第三段的重點(diǎn)如下:
1 多動(dòng)詞的翻譯:一句話中若有多個(gè)動(dòng)詞那這句話的翻譯時(shí)動(dòng)詞的翻譯一定是重點(diǎn)考查對(duì)象。(土豪和大媽可能會(huì)被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英語詞典,至今約有120中文加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典,成了英語語言的一部分。 )
此句中第一第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)被至今這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語所分割開來,所以沒有什么好講的,而第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞與第三個(gè)之間沒有明顯的銜接或分割,那么我們就要注意要么用連詞連接成為兩個(gè)簡單句(比如Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, and become a part of English language).要么使用其他的方法講起成為一個(gè)句子,而這里我們使用的是將第三個(gè)動(dòng)詞用分詞形式來出現(xiàn)。(Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.)以上兩種翻譯方法都是可行的。
綜上所述,不難看出本篇文章翻譯所考察的知識(shí)點(diǎn)其實(shí)是很常見的知識(shí)點(diǎn),而且一句話往往有很多種翻譯方法,它并不像寫作那樣對(duì)于表達(dá)有所謂高級(jí)和低級(jí)之分,只要能翻出正確的表達(dá),都是能夠拿到相應(yīng)分?jǐn)?shù)的,所以在翻譯過程中一定要選擇自己所能駕馭的層次來翻,不求多難只求達(dá)意。
二:
最近中國科學(xué)院(Chinese Academy of Science )出版了關(guān)于其最新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)與未來一年展望的年度系列報(bào)告。系列報(bào)告包括三部分:科學(xué)發(fā)展報(bào)告,高技術(shù)發(fā)展報(bào)告,中國可持續(xù)戰(zhàn)略報(bào)告。第一份報(bào)告包含中國科學(xué)家的最新發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如新粒子研究與H7N9病毒研究的突破。該報(bào)告還突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了未來幾年需要關(guān)注的問題。第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的熱門領(lǐng)域,如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份報(bào)告呼吁加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì),以消除工業(yè)升級(jí)中的結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙,并促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排。
Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of artificial human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction.
解析:第一句,修飾成分較長,注意分清主干(中國科學(xué)院出版了年度系列報(bào)告);第二句,句式簡單,考察詞匯;第三句考察同義詞包括(include,consist of)替換;第四句無難度;第五句結(jié)構(gòu)和第三句一致,考察專業(yè)詞匯的翻譯(應(yīng)用科學(xué),3D); 第六句考察suggest后虛擬語氣用should do, do 通常省略,另外考察詞匯節(jié)能減排。
三:
北京計(jì)劃未來三年投資7600億元治理污染,從減少pm2.5排放入手。這一新公布的計(jì)劃旨在減少四種主要污染源,包括500萬輛機(jī)動(dòng)車的尾氣排放、周邊地區(qū)燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵,另外850億元用于新建或升級(jí)城市垃圾處理和污水處理設(shè)施,加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林。
市政府還計(jì)劃建造一批水循環(huán)利用工廠,并制止違章建筑,以改善環(huán)境。另外,北京還將更嚴(yán)厲地處罰違反減排規(guī)定的行為。
Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5 . This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city. In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.
The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment. Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.
解析:第一句包含兩個(gè)簡單句,兩句主語一致,所以可以將后半句改為非謂語形式; 第二句,考察詞匯尾氣、燃煤、沙塵暴、建筑灰塵;第三句和第四句都是簡單句,考察垃圾處理、污水處理、植樹造林的表達(dá);第五句兩項(xiàng)政府舉措,仍然將第二句用非謂語表達(dá)。最后一句注意定語從句的使用。

