Passage 1
The operation of International Airlines International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.
Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.
High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive’s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive’s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.
Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch – the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperettes, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night’s sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.
The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.
Although it is the airlines’ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler – the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.
1. According to the passage, in operating airlines it is essential to ___.
A. keep in mind the need of the executives only.
B. Satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives
C. Try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares
D. Cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of jets.
2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why airlines are having a hard time except that ___.
A. the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low
B. there is no increase in the number of passengers
C. there are more seats on the planes than needed
D. the competition between airlines is strong
3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following except ___.
A. making their seats more comfortable
B. providing better food during flights
C. showing more movies during the long flights
D. offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers
4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to ___.
A. making sure the departure are not delayed
B. the efficient handling of luggage
C. speeding up customs procedure
D. the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges
5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?
A. they do not book their seats in advance
B. they do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take
C. they do not travel on the flight they have booked
D. they do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
答案與解析：
1．文章標題分析：The operation （經(jīng)營）of International （國際的）Airlines（航空公司）
2．直接解題：
1. According to (根據(jù))the passage, in operating airlines it is essential （重要的，本質(zhì)的）to ___.
A. keep in mind (記住)the need of the executives (行政主管)only.
B. Satisfy(滿足) the need of the low fare(費用) passengers at the expense of （在損害..的情況下）the executives
C. Try to attract(吸引) as many passengers as possible (盡可能...的)by reducing fares
D Cater to (滿足)the need of passengers sitting at both ends of jets(飛機).
答案：D.
分析: 借助常識可以直接排除A(只記住行政主管的需要)和B(在損害行政主管利益的情況下滿足低票價乘客的需要), 利用題干中出現(xiàn)的修飾詞essential作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：（第2段）Operating a major（較大的；主要的） airline is essentially （本質(zhì)上， essential的副詞形式）a matter （事情，問題）of finding the right mix （組合）of passengers. 該句說“經(jīng)營以家較大的航空公司從本質(zhì)上說就是找到合適的乘客組合的問題” 。接下來的句子說“ The airlines need to fill up （填滿）the back of their wide-bodied （寬機身的）jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting（忘記） that the front end should be filled with （裝滿了..）people who pay substantially (充分地) more for their tickets（航空公司應該在機身寬的飛機的尾部裝滿購買低價票的乘客,同時別忘了讓支付了更高票價的乘客坐在飛機的前端）”. 該句暗示要滿足各種乘客的需要.
2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why airlines are having a hard time(have a hard time: 遇到了困難) except that ___.
A. the tourist industry （旅游業(yè)）is experiencing （經(jīng)歷）an all-time （空前的）low低谷
B. there is no increase （增加）in the number of passengers
C. there are more seats on the planes than needed
D the competition （競爭）between airlines is strong（激烈的）
答案：A。
分析: 利用問題句中反映細節(jié)信息的短語結(jié)構(gòu)have a hard time作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第3段）But low fares require （要求）consistently（一直） full aircraft to make flights economically （經(jīng)濟地）viable（可行的）, and in the recent recession（蕭條） （與have a hard time呼應）the volume（量） of traffic（交通） has not grown.該句說“在最近的蕭條期間，載客量沒有增加” ，因此判斷“乘客量沒有增加”是造成航空空司經(jīng)營困難的一個原因。
Equally the large number of airlines jostling for（為..而競爭） the available （可得到的）passengers has created a huge excess(過剩) of capacity(容量).
該句說“航空公司對乘客的爭搶造成了大量容量的過?！?。
The net（最終的） result of excess capacity （運載量過剩）and cut-throat（激烈的） competition driving down （壓低）fares had been to push（逼迫） some airlines into collapse （倒閉）and leave many others hovering（盤旋） on the brink（在邊緣上）. 該句說“運載量的過剩和降低票價的殘酷競爭逼迫一些航空公司倒閉了，而使其他更多的航空公司盤旋在瀕臨倒閉的邊緣”，該句與C 和D 都呼應，只有A沒有提到，因此A 是答案。
3. The improvements（改進） the airlines attempt at （努力（取得））include all the following except ___.
A. making their seats more comfortable
B. providing better food during flights
C. showing more movies during the long flights
D. offering sleeperettes（可臥座位） to first-class passengers
答案：C．
分析：利用問題句中的核心詞（improvements）作為答案線索，因為被選項涉及到具體細節(jié)信息，所以還可以利用被選項中的細節(jié)信息詞作為答案線索（A: more comfortable seats; B: better food; C: more movies; D: sleeperettes）, 這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第5段）High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive’s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive’s attention. The free（免費的） drinks and headsets（耳機） and better food are all part of the lure（吸引（手段））.
該下一句的內(nèi)容（another development）提示了“提供免費的飲料， 耳機和更好的食物是航空公司作出的一些改進工作”
（第6段）Another development has been the accent（重視） of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch– the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered（提供） sleeperettes, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch（獲得） a proper （適當?shù)? 正確的） night’s sleep
該段段首句說“另一個改進在于對座位安排的重視”， 該句暗示前面所提到的“提供更好的食物”也是航空公司工作改進的一部份內(nèi)容， 因此排除B。該段后面部分的劃線句說“航空公司給頭等艙的乘客提供可臥座位，可臥座位很受歡迎”， 因此判斷“可臥座位”和“使作為舒適”也是航空公司工作改進的內(nèi)容， 因此排除A和D. 接下來的段落在內(nèi)容上涉及到“地面服務（（第7段段首句）The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground）”， 所以答案相關(guān)句就應該出自第5段和第6段，這兩個段落中唯有“電影”這方面的信息沒有提到，所以C 是答案。
4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to（當涉及到...） ___.
A. making sure (確保) the departure (出發(fā),離開)are not delayed(延遲, 延期)
B. the efficient (有效的)handling (處理)of luggage(行李)
C. speeding up (加速)customs procedure(手續(xù))
D. the improvement of the condition(條件) of waiting lounges(休息室)
答案：C．
分析：問題問“在...方面航空公司無法做更多的工作?”這個問題涉及到的內(nèi)容恰巧和上一問題涉及到的內(nèi)容形成對比,因此判斷該問題的答案相關(guān)據(jù)應該順著上一題的答案位置查找, 同時利用被選項中涉及到的具體細節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)座位答案線索(A: departure; B: handling of luggage; C: customs procedure; D: waiting lounges) , 這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第7段）The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges （執(zhí)行休息室）are commonplace（平常的） and intended to （致力于...）make the inevitable （不可避免的）waiting between flights a little more bearable（可以忍受的）. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably(遺憾地), there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring(令人厭煩的) immigration(移民入境) and customs （）process, which manages to upset(使心煩) and frustrate(使沮喪) passengers of all classes in every continent.
該段中提到“作為改進內(nèi)容之一的乘客休息室已經(jīng)是隨處可見，行李業(yè)務也得到了改進，但是各個航空公司還是幾乎無法做到加速移民入境和”， 因此判斷C 是答案。
5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates（使沮喪） the airlines?
A they do not book （預定）their seats in advance（提前）
B. they do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take（be supposed to ../應該）
C. they do not travel on the flight they have booked
D. they do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
答案：C．
分析：問題句中出現(xiàn)了反映細節(jié)信息的結(jié)構(gòu)“a bad habit of the executive passengers”， 利用這個結(jié)構(gòu)作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（最后一段）Although it is the airlines’ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless（雖然如此） like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler – the expensive（代價很高的） habit of booking（預定） a flight（航班） and then failing to（沒有） turn up(出現(xiàn)，卷起).
該段中的答案相關(guān)據(jù)明確地說明了乘客的壞習慣：預定了航班卻不乘坐。 所以C（他們不乘坐已經(jīng)預定好的航班）是答案。Passage
The operation of International Airlines International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.
Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.
High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive’s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive’s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.
Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch – the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperettes, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night’s sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.
The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.
Although it is the airlines’ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler – the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.
1. According to the passage, in operating airlines it is essential to ___.
A. keep in mind the need of the executives only.
B. Satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives
C. Try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares
D. Cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of jets.
2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why airlines are having a hard time except that ___.
A. the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low
B. there is no increase in the number of passengers
C. there are more seats on the planes than needed
D. the competition between airlines is strong
3. The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following except ___.
A. making their seats more comfortable
B. providing better food during flights
C. showing more movies during the long flights
D. offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers
4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to ___.
A. making sure the departure are not delayed
B. the efficient handling of luggage
C. speeding up customs procedure
D. the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges
5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?
A. they do not book their seats in advance
B. they do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take
C. they do not travel on the flight they have booked
D. they do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
答案與解析：
1．文章標題分析：The operation （經(jīng)營）of International （國際的）Airlines（航空公司）
2．直接解題：
1. According to (根據(jù))the passage, in operating airlines it is essential （重要的，本質(zhì)的）to ___.
A. keep in mind (記住)the need of the executives (行政主管)only.
B. Satisfy(滿足) the need of the low fare(費用) passengers at the expense of （在損害..的情況下）the executives
C. Try to attract(吸引) as many passengers as possible (盡可能...的)by reducing fares
D Cater to (滿足)the need of passengers sitting at both ends of jets(飛機).
答案：D.
分析: 借助常識可以直接排除A(只記住行政主管的需要)和B(在損害行政主管利益的情況下滿足低票價乘客的需要), 利用題干中出現(xiàn)的修飾詞essential作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：（第2段）Operating a major（較大的；主要的） airline is essentially （本質(zhì)上， essential的副詞形式）a matter （事情，問題）of finding the right mix （組合）of passengers. 該句說“經(jīng)營以家較大的航空公司從本質(zhì)上說就是找到合適的乘客組合的問題” 。接下來的句子說“ The airlines need to fill up （填滿）the back of their wide-bodied （寬機身的）jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting（忘記） that the front end should be filled with （裝滿了..）people who pay substantially (充分地) more for their tickets（航空公司應該在機身寬的飛機的尾部裝滿購買低價票的乘客,同時別忘了讓支付了更高票價的乘客坐在飛機的前端）”. 該句暗示要滿足各種乘客的需要.
2. The following are all mentioned as reasons why airlines are having a hard time(have a hard time: 遇到了困難) except that ___.
A. the tourist industry （旅游業(yè)）is experiencing （經(jīng)歷）an all-time （空前的）low低谷
B. there is no increase （增加）in the number of passengers
C. there are more seats on the planes than needed
D the competition （競爭）between airlines is strong（激烈的）
答案：A。
分析: 利用問題句中反映細節(jié)信息的短語結(jié)構(gòu)have a hard time作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第3段）But low fares require （要求）consistently（一直） full aircraft to make flights economically （經(jīng)濟地）viable（可行的）, and in the recent recession（蕭條） （與have a hard time呼應）the volume（量） of traffic（交通） has not grown.該句說“在最近的蕭條期間，載客量沒有增加” ，因此判斷“乘客量沒有增加”是造成航空空司經(jīng)營困難的一個原因。
Equally the large number of airlines jostling for（為..而競爭） the available （可得到的）passengers has created a huge excess(過剩) of capacity(容量).
該句說“航空公司對乘客的爭搶造成了大量容量的過?！?。
The net（最終的） result of excess capacity （運載量過剩）and cut-throat（激烈的） competition driving down （壓低）fares had been to push（逼迫） some airlines into collapse （倒閉）and leave many others hovering（盤旋） on the brink（在邊緣上）. 該句說“運載量的過剩和降低票價的殘酷競爭逼迫一些航空公司倒閉了，而使其他更多的航空公司盤旋在瀕臨倒閉的邊緣”，該句與C 和D 都呼應，只有A沒有提到，因此A 是答案。
3. The improvements（改進） the airlines attempt at （努力（取得））include all the following except ___.
A. making their seats more comfortable
B. providing better food during flights
C. showing more movies during the long flights
D. offering sleeperettes（可臥座位） to first-class passengers
答案：C．
分析：利用問題句中的核心詞（improvements）作為答案線索，因為被選項涉及到具體細節(jié)信息，所以還可以利用被選項中的細節(jié)信息詞作為答案線索（A: more comfortable seats; B: better food; C: more movies; D: sleeperettes）, 這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第5段）High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive’s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive’s attention. The free（免費的） drinks and headsets（耳機） and better food are all part of the lure（吸引（手段））.
該下一句的內(nèi)容（another development）提示了“提供免費的飲料， 耳機和更好的食物是航空公司作出的一些改進工作”
（第6段）Another development has been the accent（重視） of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch– the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered（提供） sleeperettes, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch（獲得） a proper （適當?shù)? 正確的） night’s sleep
該段段首句說“另一個改進在于對座位安排的重視”， 該句暗示前面所提到的“提供更好的食物”也是航空公司工作改進的一部份內(nèi)容， 因此排除B。該段后面部分的劃線句說“航空公司給頭等艙的乘客提供可臥座位，可臥座位很受歡迎”， 因此判斷“可臥座位”和“使作為舒適”也是航空公司工作改進的內(nèi)容， 因此排除A和D. 接下來的段落在內(nèi)容上涉及到“地面服務（（第7段段首句）The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground）”， 所以答案相關(guān)句就應該出自第5段和第6段，這兩個段落中唯有“電影”這方面的信息沒有提到，所以C 是答案。
4. There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to（當涉及到...） ___.
A. making sure (確保) the departure (出發(fā),離開)are not delayed(延遲, 延期)
B. the efficient (有效的)handling (處理)of luggage(行李)
C. speeding up (加速)customs procedure(手續(xù))
D. the improvement of the condition(條件) of waiting lounges(休息室)
答案：C．
分析：問題問“在...方面航空公司無法做更多的工作?”這個問題涉及到的內(nèi)容恰巧和上一問題涉及到的內(nèi)容形成對比,因此判斷該問題的答案相關(guān)據(jù)應該順著上一題的答案位置查找, 同時利用被選項中涉及到的具體細節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)座位答案線索(A: departure; B: handling of luggage; C: customs procedure; D: waiting lounges) , 這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第7段）The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges （執(zhí)行休息室）are commonplace（平常的） and intended to （致力于...）make the inevitable （不可避免的）waiting between flights a little more bearable（可以忍受的）. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably(遺憾地), there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring(令人厭煩的) immigration(移民入境) and customs （）process, which manages to upset(使心煩) and frustrate(使沮喪) passengers of all classes in every continent.
該段中提到“作為改進內(nèi)容之一的乘客休息室已經(jīng)是隨處可見，行李業(yè)務也得到了改進，但是各個航空公司還是幾乎無法做到加速移民入境和”， 因此判斷C 是答案。
5. Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates（使沮喪） the airlines?
A they do not book （預定）their seats in advance（提前）
B. they do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take（be supposed to ../應該）
C. they do not travel on the flight they have booked
D. they do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
答案：C．
分析：問題句中出現(xiàn)了反映細節(jié)信息的結(jié)構(gòu)“a bad habit of the executive passengers”， 利用這個結(jié)構(gòu)作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（最后一段）Although it is the airlines’ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless（雖然如此） like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler – the expensive（代價很高的） habit of booking（預定） a flight（航班） and then failing to（沒有） turn up(出現(xiàn)，卷起).
該段中的答案相關(guān)據(jù)明確地說明了乘客的壞習慣：預定了航班卻不乘坐。 所以C（他們不乘坐已經(jīng)預定好的航班）是答案。Passage