2007年Text 2
For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 -- the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?", Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership -- that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?
[A] Answering philosophical questions.
[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第一段的第三句話"IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks"(智商測(cè)試要求你完成一些文字和圖像的分析，要求你在紙張被折疊和剪切后想象它的形狀，要求你推論數(shù)字的順序，還有其他類似的項(xiàng)目)，顯然A和C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容不包括其中，因而是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的表述與原文"to envision paper after it has been folded and cut"意思相左，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于"to complete verbal and visual analogies"，因而是正確答案。
[題目譯文]
下列的哪一項(xiàng)在智商測(cè)試中有所要求?
[A] 回答哲學(xué)問(wèn)題
[B] 把紙折成或剪成不同的形狀
[C] 區(qū)別一些概念之間不同
[D] 根據(jù)給定的詞匯或者圖像選擇相似的詞匯或圖像。
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章第二段的第四句話"Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100"( 像沃斯•薩文特那么高的分?jǐn)?shù)也再也不可能出現(xiàn)了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的分?jǐn)?shù)依據(jù)的是相同年齡者的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)群體分布狀況，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)實(shí)際年齡乘以100來(lái)劃分智能年齡)，顯而易見主要是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的計(jì)算方法不同，答案為A選項(xiàng)。B和D選項(xiàng)的表述與原文相反，而C選項(xiàng)則屬于無(wú)中生有，與原文無(wú)關(guān)。
[題目譯文]
現(xiàn)在的人們不再可能取得沃斯•薩文特那么高的智商分?jǐn)?shù)是因?yàn)?BR> [A] 現(xiàn)在使用不同的計(jì)算程序計(jì)分
[B] 現(xiàn)在更加強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造力而不是分析能力
[C] 沃斯•薩文特的例子只是一個(gè)不會(huì)再出現(xiàn)的極端情況
[D] 智商測(cè)試的定義性特征發(fā)生了變化 2007年Text 3
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback -- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest-rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen -- and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent -- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance -- have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
31 Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章的第二段。A和D選項(xiàng)中的"safety net"和"unemployment or disability insurance"對(duì)應(yīng)于該段倒數(shù)第二句"This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times"( 這種"額外工人效應(yīng)"可以支持由失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)或殘疾保險(xiǎn)提供的安，以便幫助家庭渡過(guò)難關(guān))，但顯然與原文意思相反，因?yàn)檫@種安依舊存在，因此兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可排除。B選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第三、四句話"Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback -- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick"( 如今的家庭根據(jù)雙份收入限度安排開支。因此，它們失去了在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的緩解舉措--一個(gè)后備掙錢者(通常是母親)，她可以在家庭的主要掙錢者失業(yè)或者病倒的時(shí)候出去工作)，即現(xiàn)代家庭中一旦遭遇變故則經(jīng)濟(jì)上有可能垮下來(lái)，因此C是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
現(xiàn)在的雙收入家庭面臨很大的財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)?BR> [A] 他們以前享受的安已經(jīng)消失了
[B] 他們失業(yè)的幾率大大增強(qiáng)了
[C] 他們面對(duì)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的改變更加脆弱
[D] 他們被剝奪了失業(yè)和殘疾保險(xiǎn)
32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
[答案] B
[解題思路]
布什總統(tǒng)的這項(xiàng)政策出現(xiàn)在文章的第三段的第三句話"For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns"( 在去年的大部分時(shí)間里，布什總統(tǒng)一直致力于將社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)體制轉(zhuǎn)變成一種儲(chǔ)蓄存款賬戶模式，要求退休人員將其大多數(shù)或所有保障金變成基于投資回報(bào)所得的報(bào)酬)，顯然B為正確答案，而其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與原文意思相反。
[題目譯文]
布什總統(tǒng)的改革導(dǎo)致了退休人員可能會(huì)有
[A] 更強(qiáng)的安全感
[B] 更少有保證的收入
[C] 更少投資的機(jī)會(huì)
[D] 一個(gè)有保障的未來(lái)
33. According to the author, health-savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families’ investment risk.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段的第三句話"For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen -- and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare"( 對(duì)于更年輕的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，前景不容樂觀。衛(wèi)生保健的絕對(duì)成本和家庭承擔(dān)份額都上漲了--而且，最近實(shí)施的健康儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃正在從立法機(jī)關(guān)擴(kuò)展到沃爾瑪員工，家庭將來(lái)的醫(yī)療保健都有更高的扣除成分和很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資)，其中"much higher deductibles"和"a large new dose of investment risk"等信息說(shuō)明家庭投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增長(zhǎng)，因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)本文作者，健康儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃將會(huì)
[A] 幫助減少醫(yī)療保健的成本
[B] 在中產(chǎn)階級(jí)中得到普及
[C] 補(bǔ)償減少的退休金
[D] 增加家庭的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 2007年Text 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them -- especially in America -- the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year - from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley -- have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset," says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders". Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore -- and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged -- though not justified -- by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
36. The statement "It never rains but it pours" is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations.
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
一般文章開頭的諺語(yǔ)都是用來(lái)引出文章的主要話題的。文章第一段的第二句話就進(jìn)一步指出了問(wèn)題所在"Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them -- especially in America -- the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity"( 就在老板和董事會(huì)最終解決了令人頭疼的財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題和違紀(jì)問(wèn)題、改善了缺乏效率的公司管理之后，又一個(gè)新問(wèn)題(尤其是在美國(guó))將成為令高層們頭疼的頭條新聞：數(shù)據(jù)的不安全性)，即數(shù)據(jù)的不安全問(wèn)題，第二段第一句話"Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year"(今年，幾起客戶和員工數(shù)據(jù)的重大泄密事件)則進(jìn)一步作了說(shuō)明，可見正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。這句諺語(yǔ)的意思是"雨不下則已，下則傾盆"。
[題目譯文]
"It never rains but it pours"這句話用來(lái)介紹
[A] 激烈的商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
[B] 脆弱的老板-董事關(guān)系
[C] 新報(bào)道的威脅
[D] 數(shù)據(jù)泄漏的嚴(yán)峻性
37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out
[A] whether there is any weak point.
[B] what sort of data has been stolen.
[C] who is responsible for the leakage.
[D] how the potential spies can be located.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第二段第二個(gè)破折號(hào)之后的內(nèi)容"have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities"( 使得管理人員們匆忙去檢查其復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)和商業(yè)流程，以便尋找潛在的弱點(diǎn))，原文的potential vulnerabilities對(duì)應(yīng)于A選項(xiàng)的weak point，因此是正確答案。B和C選項(xiàng)都與原文無(wú)關(guān)，D選項(xiàng)中的spies在文章中沒有涉及。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)文章第二段，一些組織檢查的它們的系統(tǒng)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)
[A] 是否存在弱點(diǎn)
[B] 哪種數(shù)據(jù)被盜
[C] 誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為泄漏負(fù)責(zé)
[D] 如何定位可能的間諜
38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.
[B] information protection should be given due attention.
[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段的第三句話"Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices"( 事實(shí)上，正如存在公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)原則一樣，現(xiàn)在或許應(yīng)該是建立公認(rèn)安全措施的時(shí)候了)，可見GASP這個(gè)概念主要是用來(lái)提醒人們應(yīng)該對(duì)信息保護(hù)給與更多關(guān)注，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)顯然是與GAAP這個(gè)概念混淆了，是錯(cuò)誤答案。A和D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于該段第二句話"The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders"( 保護(hù)客戶數(shù)據(jù)的能力是市值的關(guān)鍵因素，這是董事會(huì)應(yīng)該為股東利益而承擔(dān)的責(zé)任)，但兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與原文的表述有出入。
[題目譯文]
作者引入GASP這個(gè)概念是為了說(shuō)明
[A] 股東的利益應(yīng)該得到適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注
[B] 信息保護(hù)應(yīng)該得到應(yīng)有的重視
[C] 商業(yè)界應(yīng)該改進(jìn)他們的會(huì)計(jì)安全水準(zhǔn)
[D] 客戶數(shù)據(jù)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)
39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
[A] see the link between trust and data protection.
[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.
[D] appreciate the economic value of trust
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第四段，其中破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容指出"and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands"( 很少有什么比一個(gè)公司讓敏感的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)落入不法人員之手更可能破壞公司的誠(chéng)信了)，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)了數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)和公司信譽(yù)之間的密切關(guān)系，而很多老板們正是忽視了這層關(guān)系，因此正確答案為A。而B、C、D選項(xiàng)都只提到了data protection和trust中的一點(diǎn)，不具有概括性，因而是錯(cuò)誤答案。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)文章第四段，讓作者感到意外的是一些老板們沒有
[A] 看到誠(chéng)信與數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系
[B] 看到個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的敏感性
[C] 意識(shí)到數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)的高成本
[D] 認(rèn)識(shí)到誠(chéng)信的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值 2008年Text 1
While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes, "It’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but wad determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在原文的前面兩段，這兩段主要描寫男女因?yàn)樯砩系牟町?，所以可能在相同的情況下，女性可能更容易在壓力下產(chǎn)生焦慮和沮喪。第一段首先提出了主要話題"Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men"(比起男人，婦女在壓力下更加容易受到由于抑郁和焦慮而引起的精神紊亂)，而第二段進(jìn)而開始分析原因，"Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions"(有關(guān)人類和動(dòng)物的研究都表明性激素在某種程度上會(huì)影響對(duì)于壓力的反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致承受壓力的雌性動(dòng)物和女性人類相比雄性動(dòng)物和男性人類而言，在同等條件下更加容易產(chǎn)生引發(fā)以上病癥的化學(xué)物質(zhì))，由此可見這種差異主要來(lái)自于男女在生理上的差異，因此正確選項(xiàng)為A。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不符合文意，B項(xiàng)所指的女性遭受壓力多來(lái)自男性偏離文章線索。C項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的女性相比男性更有處理壓力的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也是斷章取義 。D選項(xiàng)只是單純描述男女之間在面對(duì)壓力的差異，與中心偏離
[題目譯文]
下面的哪一項(xiàng)符合文章的前兩段?
[A] 婦女在生理上更容易受到壓力的影響。
[B] 婦女仍然比男人受到更多壓力的折磨
[C] 婦女比男人在應(yīng)付壓力方面更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
[D] 男人和女人在面對(duì)壓力的時(shí)候顯出了不同的傾向。
23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be
[A] domestic and temporary.
[B] irregular and violent.
[C] durable and frequent.
[D] trivial and random.
[答案] C
[解題思路]
文章第四段談到"I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature"(我認(rèn)為婦女平時(shí)要做的事情都是那些慣常的、重復(fù)的瑣事)，相反，"Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence"(男人則去打仗，他們面臨的是格斗的壓力。因而男人更多的是面對(duì)那種隨機(jī)性的身體接觸上的暴力行為)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以進(jìn)行一一排除。A選項(xiàng)的temporary與原文的chronic矛盾，可以排除。B選項(xiàng)是男人面對(duì)的壓力的特點(diǎn)，因此也可以排除。D選項(xiàng)的random與原文的repeated矛盾，因此也可以排除。而C選項(xiàng)符合原文"chronic or repeated"的意思。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)文章第四段，女人們面對(duì)的壓力往往是
[A] 關(guān)于家庭的和暫時(shí)的
[B] 不規(guī)律的和暴力的
[C] 持久的和頻繁的
[D] 瑣碎的和隨機(jī)的
24. The sentence "I lived from paycheck to paycheck."(Line 6, Para. 5) shows that
[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.
[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.
[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題應(yīng)該把引文放到原文中去理解。題干中引文所在的這一段主要講述了Alvarez作為單身母親的不易，文中前面一句話是""It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt."(最困難的事情就是我要同時(shí)帶一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子、工作、付房租、付養(yǎng)車的開銷、還要還債)，說(shuō)明她的生存壓力非常大，只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。這句話的意思是"我的生活就是付掉一張賬單再付下一張"。
[題目譯文]
"I lived from paycheck to paycheck"(第五段第六行)這個(gè)句子說(shuō)明
[A] Alvarez除了錢其它什么都不在乎。
[B] Alvarez的工資幾乎不夠支付她的家庭支出
[C] Alvarez從多份的工作中賺錢
[D] Alvarez一般都用支票來(lái)付賬
For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 -- the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?", Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership -- that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?
[A] Answering philosophical questions.
[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第一段的第三句話"IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks"(智商測(cè)試要求你完成一些文字和圖像的分析，要求你在紙張被折疊和剪切后想象它的形狀，要求你推論數(shù)字的順序，還有其他類似的項(xiàng)目)，顯然A和C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容不包括其中，因而是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的表述與原文"to envision paper after it has been folded and cut"意思相左，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于"to complete verbal and visual analogies"，因而是正確答案。
[題目譯文]
下列的哪一項(xiàng)在智商測(cè)試中有所要求?
[A] 回答哲學(xué)問(wèn)題
[B] 把紙折成或剪成不同的形狀
[C] 區(qū)別一些概念之間不同
[D] 根據(jù)給定的詞匯或者圖像選擇相似的詞匯或圖像。
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章第二段的第四句話"Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100"( 像沃斯•薩文特那么高的分?jǐn)?shù)也再也不可能出現(xiàn)了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的分?jǐn)?shù)依據(jù)的是相同年齡者的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)群體分布狀況，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)實(shí)際年齡乘以100來(lái)劃分智能年齡)，顯而易見主要是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的計(jì)算方法不同，答案為A選項(xiàng)。B和D選項(xiàng)的表述與原文相反，而C選項(xiàng)則屬于無(wú)中生有，與原文無(wú)關(guān)。
[題目譯文]
現(xiàn)在的人們不再可能取得沃斯•薩文特那么高的智商分?jǐn)?shù)是因?yàn)?BR> [A] 現(xiàn)在使用不同的計(jì)算程序計(jì)分
[B] 現(xiàn)在更加強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造力而不是分析能力
[C] 沃斯•薩文特的例子只是一個(gè)不會(huì)再出現(xiàn)的極端情況
[D] 智商測(cè)試的定義性特征發(fā)生了變化 2007年Text 3
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback -- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest-rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen -- and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent -- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance -- have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
31 Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章的第二段。A和D選項(xiàng)中的"safety net"和"unemployment or disability insurance"對(duì)應(yīng)于該段倒數(shù)第二句"This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times"( 這種"額外工人效應(yīng)"可以支持由失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)或殘疾保險(xiǎn)提供的安，以便幫助家庭渡過(guò)難關(guān))，但顯然與原文意思相反，因?yàn)檫@種安依舊存在，因此兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可排除。B選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第三、四句話"Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback -- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick"( 如今的家庭根據(jù)雙份收入限度安排開支。因此，它們失去了在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的緩解舉措--一個(gè)后備掙錢者(通常是母親)，她可以在家庭的主要掙錢者失業(yè)或者病倒的時(shí)候出去工作)，即現(xiàn)代家庭中一旦遭遇變故則經(jīng)濟(jì)上有可能垮下來(lái)，因此C是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
現(xiàn)在的雙收入家庭面臨很大的財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)?BR> [A] 他們以前享受的安已經(jīng)消失了
[B] 他們失業(yè)的幾率大大增強(qiáng)了
[C] 他們面對(duì)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的改變更加脆弱
[D] 他們被剝奪了失業(yè)和殘疾保險(xiǎn)
32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
[答案] B
[解題思路]
布什總統(tǒng)的這項(xiàng)政策出現(xiàn)在文章的第三段的第三句話"For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns"( 在去年的大部分時(shí)間里，布什總統(tǒng)一直致力于將社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)體制轉(zhuǎn)變成一種儲(chǔ)蓄存款賬戶模式，要求退休人員將其大多數(shù)或所有保障金變成基于投資回報(bào)所得的報(bào)酬)，顯然B為正確答案，而其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與原文意思相反。
[題目譯文]
布什總統(tǒng)的改革導(dǎo)致了退休人員可能會(huì)有
[A] 更強(qiáng)的安全感
[B] 更少有保證的收入
[C] 更少投資的機(jī)會(huì)
[D] 一個(gè)有保障的未來(lái)
33. According to the author, health-savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families’ investment risk.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段的第三句話"For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen -- and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare"( 對(duì)于更年輕的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，前景不容樂觀。衛(wèi)生保健的絕對(duì)成本和家庭承擔(dān)份額都上漲了--而且，最近實(shí)施的健康儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃正在從立法機(jī)關(guān)擴(kuò)展到沃爾瑪員工，家庭將來(lái)的醫(yī)療保健都有更高的扣除成分和很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資)，其中"much higher deductibles"和"a large new dose of investment risk"等信息說(shuō)明家庭投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增長(zhǎng)，因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)本文作者，健康儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃將會(huì)
[A] 幫助減少醫(yī)療保健的成本
[B] 在中產(chǎn)階級(jí)中得到普及
[C] 補(bǔ)償減少的退休金
[D] 增加家庭的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 2007年Text 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them -- especially in America -- the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year - from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley -- have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset," says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders". Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore -- and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged -- though not justified -- by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
36. The statement "It never rains but it pours" is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations.
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
一般文章開頭的諺語(yǔ)都是用來(lái)引出文章的主要話題的。文章第一段的第二句話就進(jìn)一步指出了問(wèn)題所在"Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them -- especially in America -- the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity"( 就在老板和董事會(huì)最終解決了令人頭疼的財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題和違紀(jì)問(wèn)題、改善了缺乏效率的公司管理之后，又一個(gè)新問(wèn)題(尤其是在美國(guó))將成為令高層們頭疼的頭條新聞：數(shù)據(jù)的不安全性)，即數(shù)據(jù)的不安全問(wèn)題，第二段第一句話"Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year"(今年，幾起客戶和員工數(shù)據(jù)的重大泄密事件)則進(jìn)一步作了說(shuō)明，可見正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。這句諺語(yǔ)的意思是"雨不下則已，下則傾盆"。
[題目譯文]
"It never rains but it pours"這句話用來(lái)介紹
[A] 激烈的商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
[B] 脆弱的老板-董事關(guān)系
[C] 新報(bào)道的威脅
[D] 數(shù)據(jù)泄漏的嚴(yán)峻性
37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out
[A] whether there is any weak point.
[B] what sort of data has been stolen.
[C] who is responsible for the leakage.
[D] how the potential spies can be located.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第二段第二個(gè)破折號(hào)之后的內(nèi)容"have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities"( 使得管理人員們匆忙去檢查其復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)和商業(yè)流程，以便尋找潛在的弱點(diǎn))，原文的potential vulnerabilities對(duì)應(yīng)于A選項(xiàng)的weak point，因此是正確答案。B和C選項(xiàng)都與原文無(wú)關(guān)，D選項(xiàng)中的spies在文章中沒有涉及。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)文章第二段，一些組織檢查的它們的系統(tǒng)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)
[A] 是否存在弱點(diǎn)
[B] 哪種數(shù)據(jù)被盜
[C] 誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為泄漏負(fù)責(zé)
[D] 如何定位可能的間諜
38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.
[B] information protection should be given due attention.
[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段的第三句話"Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices"( 事實(shí)上，正如存在公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)原則一樣，現(xiàn)在或許應(yīng)該是建立公認(rèn)安全措施的時(shí)候了)，可見GASP這個(gè)概念主要是用來(lái)提醒人們應(yīng)該對(duì)信息保護(hù)給與更多關(guān)注，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)顯然是與GAAP這個(gè)概念混淆了，是錯(cuò)誤答案。A和D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于該段第二句話"The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders"( 保護(hù)客戶數(shù)據(jù)的能力是市值的關(guān)鍵因素，這是董事會(huì)應(yīng)該為股東利益而承擔(dān)的責(zé)任)，但兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與原文的表述有出入。
[題目譯文]
作者引入GASP這個(gè)概念是為了說(shuō)明
[A] 股東的利益應(yīng)該得到適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注
[B] 信息保護(hù)應(yīng)該得到應(yīng)有的重視
[C] 商業(yè)界應(yīng)該改進(jìn)他們的會(huì)計(jì)安全水準(zhǔn)
[D] 客戶數(shù)據(jù)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)
39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
[A] see the link between trust and data protection.
[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.
[D] appreciate the economic value of trust
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第四段，其中破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容指出"and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands"( 很少有什么比一個(gè)公司讓敏感的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)落入不法人員之手更可能破壞公司的誠(chéng)信了)，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)了數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)和公司信譽(yù)之間的密切關(guān)系，而很多老板們正是忽視了這層關(guān)系，因此正確答案為A。而B、C、D選項(xiàng)都只提到了data protection和trust中的一點(diǎn)，不具有概括性，因而是錯(cuò)誤答案。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)文章第四段，讓作者感到意外的是一些老板們沒有
[A] 看到誠(chéng)信與數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系
[B] 看到個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的敏感性
[C] 意識(shí)到數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)的高成本
[D] 認(rèn)識(shí)到誠(chéng)信的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值 2008年Text 1
While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes, "It’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but wad determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在原文的前面兩段，這兩段主要描寫男女因?yàn)樯砩系牟町?，所以可能在相同的情況下，女性可能更容易在壓力下產(chǎn)生焦慮和沮喪。第一段首先提出了主要話題"Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men"(比起男人，婦女在壓力下更加容易受到由于抑郁和焦慮而引起的精神紊亂)，而第二段進(jìn)而開始分析原因，"Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions"(有關(guān)人類和動(dòng)物的研究都表明性激素在某種程度上會(huì)影響對(duì)于壓力的反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致承受壓力的雌性動(dòng)物和女性人類相比雄性動(dòng)物和男性人類而言，在同等條件下更加容易產(chǎn)生引發(fā)以上病癥的化學(xué)物質(zhì))，由此可見這種差異主要來(lái)自于男女在生理上的差異，因此正確選項(xiàng)為A。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不符合文意，B項(xiàng)所指的女性遭受壓力多來(lái)自男性偏離文章線索。C項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的女性相比男性更有處理壓力的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也是斷章取義 。D選項(xiàng)只是單純描述男女之間在面對(duì)壓力的差異，與中心偏離
[題目譯文]
下面的哪一項(xiàng)符合文章的前兩段?
[A] 婦女在生理上更容易受到壓力的影響。
[B] 婦女仍然比男人受到更多壓力的折磨
[C] 婦女比男人在應(yīng)付壓力方面更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
[D] 男人和女人在面對(duì)壓力的時(shí)候顯出了不同的傾向。
23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be
[A] domestic and temporary.
[B] irregular and violent.
[C] durable and frequent.
[D] trivial and random.
[答案] C
[解題思路]
文章第四段談到"I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature"(我認(rèn)為婦女平時(shí)要做的事情都是那些慣常的、重復(fù)的瑣事)，相反，"Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence"(男人則去打仗，他們面臨的是格斗的壓力。因而男人更多的是面對(duì)那種隨機(jī)性的身體接觸上的暴力行為)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以進(jìn)行一一排除。A選項(xiàng)的temporary與原文的chronic矛盾，可以排除。B選項(xiàng)是男人面對(duì)的壓力的特點(diǎn)，因此也可以排除。D選項(xiàng)的random與原文的repeated矛盾，因此也可以排除。而C選項(xiàng)符合原文"chronic or repeated"的意思。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)文章第四段，女人們面對(duì)的壓力往往是
[A] 關(guān)于家庭的和暫時(shí)的
[B] 不規(guī)律的和暴力的
[C] 持久的和頻繁的
[D] 瑣碎的和隨機(jī)的
24. The sentence "I lived from paycheck to paycheck."(Line 6, Para. 5) shows that
[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.
[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.
[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題應(yīng)該把引文放到原文中去理解。題干中引文所在的這一段主要講述了Alvarez作為單身母親的不易，文中前面一句話是""It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt."(最困難的事情就是我要同時(shí)帶一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子、工作、付房租、付養(yǎng)車的開銷、還要還債)，說(shuō)明她的生存壓力非常大，只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。這句話的意思是"我的生活就是付掉一張賬單再付下一張"。
[題目譯文]
"I lived from paycheck to paycheck"(第五段第六行)這個(gè)句子說(shuō)明
[A] Alvarez除了錢其它什么都不在乎。
[B] Alvarez的工資幾乎不夠支付她的家庭支出
[C] Alvarez從多份的工作中賺錢
[D] Alvarez一般都用支票來(lái)付賬