1994年Passage 1
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it,kaoshida.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by__.
[A] private property and rights concerned
[B] manpower and natural resources control
[C] ownership of productive resources
[D] free contracts and prices
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本文第三段第一句話指出"The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit"（私有企業(yè)經(jīng)濟的一個重要因素是允許個人擁有生產資料（私有財產），允許他們雇傭勞動力，控制自然資源，通過生產產品、提供服務來獲取利潤），第二句話進一步指出"In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual"（在美國經(jīng)濟中，私有財產的概念不僅包括生產資料的所有權，也包括一定的其它權利，比如，產品價格的決定權或與其他私有個體的自由簽約權），這說明了private property包含了兩個方面。而四個選項中只有A選項包含了這兩個方面，因此A是正確答案。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)這篇文章，私有企業(yè)經(jīng)濟的特征是 。
[A] 私有財產和相關的權利
[B] 人力和自然資源的控制
[C] 生產資料所有權
[D] 自由合同與價格 1994年Passage 2
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon-it’s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprise, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that __.
[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
[答案] C
[解題思路]
第一段最后一句話指出"For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon-it’s already here"（ 對于我們很多人來說，"無現(xiàn)鈔的社會"不是即將來臨，而是已經(jīng)到來），其中cashless society正好對應于C選項的do not pay in cash，因此C為正確選項。A選項對未來情況的描述并沒有出現(xiàn)在文章中，原文說的是現(xiàn)在的情況，因此可以排除該選項。B選項的表述顯然不正確，信用卡除了在美國使用之外也在世界很多國家廣泛使用。D選項則與原文的句子無關。
[題目譯文]
從文章第一段的最后一句話中，我們了解到 。
[A] 將來所有的美國人都會用信用卡
[B] 信用卡現(xiàn)在主要用于美國
[C] 現(xiàn)在很多美國人不用現(xiàn)金付款
[D] 現(xiàn)在用信用卡比以前更加方便 1994年Passage 3
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’ s understanding-the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
"All men are created equal." We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ___.
[A] is now enjoying legal support
[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country
[C] was clearly stated by the country` s founders
[D] will exert great influence over court decisions
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題對應于文章最后一段，其中倒數(shù)第二句話指出"Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education"（最近的法庭裁決已再次確定了所有兒童--不論殘疾與否--都有接受相適應的教育的權利，并已命令公立學校采取必要的措施來提供這種教育），因此A選項符合題意。該段中第三、四句話指出"Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great"（盡管這句話被國家們用來預示法律面前人人平等，它也被解釋為機會面前人人平等。這一概念暗示了所有兒童都有接受教育的機會--即每個兒童，不管其本身的能力大小與否，都有權利在學習上限度地得到幫助），因此對特殊兒童的教育關注是符合這個國家的"機會平等的傳統(tǒng)"的，因此B選項是錯誤的。C選項的錯誤在于開國元勛們并沒有提到這個問題。D則不符合倒數(shù)第二句話的意思。
[題目譯文]
從這篇文章中我們了解到，對特殊兒童的教育關于 。
[A] 現(xiàn)在得到了法律上的支持
[B] 與國家的傳統(tǒng)相背離
[C] 早在建國初期先驅們就已有明確表述
[D] 將會給法庭的決定帶來影響 1994年Passage 5
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal-and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are__.
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
[C] devoted to the progress of science
[D] concerned about the advance of society
[答案] B
[解題思路]
題干的詞組來自文章最后一句"Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer"，這句話是對全文的精確總結，也是對第四段的承接。第四段的最后一句話談到"The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends"（創(chuàng)新者則會探尋另外不同的道路，而這樣的道路將會最終被證實更簡單、也一定更有趣、更富挑戰(zhàn)性，即使它們通向絕境），也就是說，innovators即那些highly creative individuals都不愿意循規(guī)蹈矩，而更愿意開拓新的方法，可見B選項為正確答案。文章最后一句話的意思是"極富創(chuàng)造性的人的確是打著不同的鼓點前進的"。
[題目譯文]
"march to a different drummer"這個詞組（文章最后一句話）暗示了那些非常具有創(chuàng)造力的人們 。
[A] 勤奮地追求著他們的目標
[B] 不愿意用普通的方式做事情
[C] 獻身給了科學進步
[D] 關心社會的前進
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it,kaoshida.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by__.
[A] private property and rights concerned
[B] manpower and natural resources control
[C] ownership of productive resources
[D] free contracts and prices
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本文第三段第一句話指出"The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit"（私有企業(yè)經(jīng)濟的一個重要因素是允許個人擁有生產資料（私有財產），允許他們雇傭勞動力，控制自然資源，通過生產產品、提供服務來獲取利潤），第二句話進一步指出"In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual"（在美國經(jīng)濟中，私有財產的概念不僅包括生產資料的所有權，也包括一定的其它權利，比如，產品價格的決定權或與其他私有個體的自由簽約權），這說明了private property包含了兩個方面。而四個選項中只有A選項包含了這兩個方面，因此A是正確答案。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)這篇文章，私有企業(yè)經(jīng)濟的特征是 。
[A] 私有財產和相關的權利
[B] 人力和自然資源的控制
[C] 生產資料所有權
[D] 自由合同與價格 1994年Passage 2
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon-it’s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprise, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that __.
[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
[答案] C
[解題思路]
第一段最后一句話指出"For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon-it’s already here"（ 對于我們很多人來說，"無現(xiàn)鈔的社會"不是即將來臨，而是已經(jīng)到來），其中cashless society正好對應于C選項的do not pay in cash，因此C為正確選項。A選項對未來情況的描述并沒有出現(xiàn)在文章中，原文說的是現(xiàn)在的情況，因此可以排除該選項。B選項的表述顯然不正確，信用卡除了在美國使用之外也在世界很多國家廣泛使用。D選項則與原文的句子無關。
[題目譯文]
從文章第一段的最后一句話中，我們了解到 。
[A] 將來所有的美國人都會用信用卡
[B] 信用卡現(xiàn)在主要用于美國
[C] 現(xiàn)在很多美國人不用現(xiàn)金付款
[D] 現(xiàn)在用信用卡比以前更加方便 1994年Passage 3
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’ s understanding-the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
"All men are created equal." We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ___.
[A] is now enjoying legal support
[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country
[C] was clearly stated by the country` s founders
[D] will exert great influence over court decisions
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題對應于文章最后一段，其中倒數(shù)第二句話指出"Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education"（最近的法庭裁決已再次確定了所有兒童--不論殘疾與否--都有接受相適應的教育的權利，并已命令公立學校采取必要的措施來提供這種教育），因此A選項符合題意。該段中第三、四句話指出"Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great"（盡管這句話被國家們用來預示法律面前人人平等，它也被解釋為機會面前人人平等。這一概念暗示了所有兒童都有接受教育的機會--即每個兒童，不管其本身的能力大小與否，都有權利在學習上限度地得到幫助），因此對特殊兒童的教育關注是符合這個國家的"機會平等的傳統(tǒng)"的，因此B選項是錯誤的。C選項的錯誤在于開國元勛們并沒有提到這個問題。D則不符合倒數(shù)第二句話的意思。
[題目譯文]
從這篇文章中我們了解到，對特殊兒童的教育關于 。
[A] 現(xiàn)在得到了法律上的支持
[B] 與國家的傳統(tǒng)相背離
[C] 早在建國初期先驅們就已有明確表述
[D] 將會給法庭的決定帶來影響 1994年Passage 5
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal-and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are__.
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
[C] devoted to the progress of science
[D] concerned about the advance of society
[答案] B
[解題思路]
題干的詞組來自文章最后一句"Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer"，這句話是對全文的精確總結，也是對第四段的承接。第四段的最后一句話談到"The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends"（創(chuàng)新者則會探尋另外不同的道路，而這樣的道路將會最終被證實更簡單、也一定更有趣、更富挑戰(zhàn)性，即使它們通向絕境），也就是說，innovators即那些highly creative individuals都不愿意循規(guī)蹈矩，而更愿意開拓新的方法，可見B選項為正確答案。文章最后一句話的意思是"極富創(chuàng)造性的人的確是打著不同的鼓點前進的"。
[題目譯文]
"march to a different drummer"這個詞組（文章最后一句話）暗示了那些非常具有創(chuàng)造力的人們 。
[A] 勤奮地追求著他們的目標
[B] 不愿意用普通的方式做事情
[C] 獻身給了科學進步
[D] 關心社會的前進