現(xiàn)在是鼓勵(lì)提升華文的時(shí)候了

字號(hào):

At the launch of each year's Speak Mandarin Campaign, a minister would deliver the opening speech in Mandarin, often painting a glowing picture of the future for the state of Mandarin in Singapore.
    For the past three years, we have heard the call by three different ministers to elevate the social and utility functions of Mandarin, and to establish our presence in the swiftly-expanding cyberspace.
    After 21 years of active promotion of the spoken form of the language, the younger generation of Chinese Singaporeans have already mastered the basic oral communicative skills, without a trace of dialectal accent of their forebears.
    Although their Mandarin pronunciation remains somewhat different from that of standard Beijing Mandarin, they should have no problem communicating with Chinese nationals.
    Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew has commented that the Speak Mandarin Campaign is “only half way there”。 However, I believe Chinese Singaporeans have scored seven out of 10 in terms of listening and speaking skills.
    Now, with the Chinese language being used more and more on the Internet, younger Chinese Singaporeans who have only attained the listening and speaking skills, are facing a new predicament.
    Without a high standard of reading and writting skills, they are unable to communicate effectively with the Chinese-speaking cyberspace community.
    A good number of younger Chinese Singaporeans have already set up high-quality websites using English to discuss political, social, economic and cultural issues .
    In contrast, though Zaobao.com is a major Chinese-language portal, only a small number of local Chinese readers are competent enough to express their opinions in this new e-media.
    To encourage younger Chinese Singaporeans to participate in cyber-discussions with Chinese worldwide, we should try to upgrade their proficiency in written Chinese. Otherwise, we would be relegated as Chinese Internet illiterates.
    We have spent 21 years to popularise Mandarin among Chinese Singaporeans, and the effort has achieved remarkable success. Now we need to pay more attention to the written form. If we do not take bold action today, we will regret it in future.
    (The writer is Assistant Professor & Co-ordinator, Asian Languages and Culture Academic Group (Chinese), National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University)
    現(xiàn)在是鼓勵(lì)提升華文的時(shí)候了
    吳英成
    講華語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)自推展以來(lái),每年都會(huì)邀請(qǐng)部長(zhǎng)在開幕儀式上用華語(yǔ)致詞,雖然這些部長(zhǎng)平常少有機(jī)會(huì)使用華語(yǔ),但他們都在講詞中為本地華語(yǔ)描繪出美好的遠(yuǎn)景。
    就以近三年的講詞為例:1998年,主持開幕禮的楊榮文部長(zhǎng)力倡提升華語(yǔ)為華人社會(huì)的高階語(yǔ)言,使它能與英語(yǔ)并駕齊驅(qū)。同時(shí),充分利用中港臺(tái)迅速普及的華文互聯(lián)網(wǎng),開拓應(yīng)用華文的領(lǐng)域,設(shè)法在國(guó)際華文互聯(lián)網(wǎng)占一席之地。
    1999年,張志賢部長(zhǎng)則指出:華語(yǔ)不但是傳遞文化價(jià)值觀的語(yǔ)言,它同時(shí)也能為我們帶來(lái)無(wú)限的新機(jī)遇,因?yàn)樗歉挥谢盍Φ默F(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言。
    進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)之際,馬寶山部長(zhǎng)更強(qiáng)調(diào):要與世界各地會(huì)講華語(yǔ)者爭(zhēng)取華文網(wǎng)頁(yè)的網(wǎng)民,新加坡人必須掌握更高的溝通技巧,并講出所有人都能明白的華語(yǔ)。
    連續(xù)三年,這三位部長(zhǎng)一致疾呼提升華語(yǔ)的社會(huì)與實(shí)用功能,進(jìn)而還期許國(guó)人在全球華文互聯(lián)網(wǎng)急速擴(kuò)張的版圖上攻城略地。
    但檢驗(yàn)實(shí)際行動(dòng),我們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)近年講華語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主軸仍停留在華族傳統(tǒng)文化活動(dòng)的舊框架(例如:華族文化系列、華韻薪傳)。
    今年主辦的華語(yǔ)電影節(jié)活動(dòng),還被英文報(bào)章諷刺為找錯(cuò)觀眾,原本希望講英語(yǔ)的年輕族群來(lái)捧場(chǎng),哪知道群聚而來(lái)的多是講華語(yǔ)的退休人士。
    近三年講華語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主題都沿用:“講華語(yǔ),好處多”的口號(hào),宣傳海報(bào)上不斷強(qiáng)調(diào)華語(yǔ)是優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)言,承傳著豐富的文化、寶貴的傳統(tǒng)。
    不過(guò),年輕人對(duì)這些口號(hào)的興趣遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如那些能瑯瑯上口的華語(yǔ)流行歌曲,至于三位部長(zhǎng)在開幕禮上談到的華文互聯(lián)網(wǎng)遠(yuǎn)景更不關(guān)他們的事,因?yàn)楸镜厍嗌倌赀B華文報(bào)紙的閱讀都覺得困難,更遑論進(jìn)入華文網(wǎng)頁(yè)遨游。
    其實(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)過(guò)去20余年“講華語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)”的大力推動(dòng),新加坡年輕一代已能通暢地以華語(yǔ)進(jìn)行人際溝通,而且他們不像老一輩總是帶著無(wú)法擺脫的祖籍方言口音。
    無(wú)論在新加坡或到中國(guó)去,這些年輕人要與中國(guó)人進(jìn)行日常生活交流并不成問題,即使他們所講的華語(yǔ)稱不上是字正腔圓的京片子,但他們所發(fā)出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)音,可能比福建省閩南人的華語(yǔ)還容易讓人聽懂。
    換句話說(shuō),新加坡人的華語(yǔ)在講的層次已達(dá)到中上水平。李資政認(rèn)為講華語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)的任務(wù)才完成一半,但我認(rèn)為在聽說(shuō)兩技上,新加坡人的程度至少有七成功力了。
    然而,華文互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的崛起卻讓新加坡華人面臨全新的挑戰(zhàn),由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基本上是書面語(yǔ)的電子媒體,能聽能說(shuō)而讀寫技能低的新加坡人,恐怕將淪為華文互聯(lián)網(wǎng)世界的文盲。
    目前,我們看到不少本地年輕人已在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上,架設(shè)高素質(zhì)的英文網(wǎng)站,討論政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化各種議題,在大學(xué)內(nèi)部的網(wǎng)上交流,也多以英文為主。
    相對(duì)而言,雖然本地出版的華文版聯(lián)合早報(bào)網(wǎng)上讀者眾多,但有能力進(jìn)入電子論壇發(fā)表意見或反駁的網(wǎng)友幾乎全是中港臺(tái)華人,能進(jìn)入其間以華文交鋒的新加坡年輕人屈指可數(shù)。
    認(rèn)清這些現(xiàn)實(shí)與理想的嚴(yán)重差距后,新加坡華人必須在目前的華語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)上,更上層樓。首先,不妨將“講華語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)”易名為“提升華文運(yùn)動(dòng)”,也即不再滿足于簡(jiǎn)單的“講華語(yǔ)”,在未來(lái)二十年我們要盡力提高新加坡華人閱讀及書寫華文的能力。
    新一輩的政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須懷抱著如同當(dāng)年李資政那種排除萬(wàn)難的決心,不但致力讓華語(yǔ)成為華族的共同語(yǔ),也要讓華文成為新加坡所有華人都能書寫閱讀的文字,否則在華文互聯(lián)網(wǎng)串聯(lián)起全球華人的重要時(shí)刻,只能動(dòng)口無(wú)法動(dòng)手的本地人,說(shuō)不定只能依賴華籍外來(lái)人才。
    語(yǔ)言能力的提升,無(wú)論聽說(shuō)讀寫,都無(wú)法一蹴即成。講華語(yǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)花了20年,才有今日的成果,正視新加坡年輕一輩華文閱讀書寫能力低落的現(xiàn)況,痛下決心,再花20年追趕中港臺(tái)等地的華文程度并不嫌遲,而且這件事,我們今天不做,明天一定會(huì)后悔。