Initiating Process Group
啟動過程組
The Initiating Process Group consists of the processes that facilitate the formal authorization to start a new project or a project phase.Initiating processes are often done external to the project's scope of control by the organization or by program or portfolio processes（Figure 3-5），which may blur the project boundaries for the initial project inputs.For example,before beginning the Initiation Process Group activities,the organization's business needs or requirements are documented.The feasibility of the new undertaking may be established through a process of evaluating alternatives to pick the best one.Clear descriptions of the project objectives are developed,including the reasons why a specific project is the best alternative solution to satisfy the requirements.The documentation for this decision also contains a basic description of the project scope,the deliverables,project duration,and a forecast of the resources for the organization's investment analysis.The framework of the project can be clarified by documenting the project selection processes.The relationship of the project to the organization's strategic plan identifies the management responsibilities within the organization.In multi-phase projects,initiating processes are carried out during subsequent phases to validate the assumptions and decisions made during the original Develop Project Charter and Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement processes.
啟動過程組由一組有助于正式授權開始一個新項目或一個項目階段的過程組成。各啟動過程一般是由超出項目控制范圍之外的組織、計劃或綜合行動過程來完成的（見圖3-5），對于初始項目的依據(jù)，這種情況模糊了項目邊界。例如，在啟動過程組開始之前，就已將組織的經(jīng)營需要或要求形成了文件。新業(yè)務是否可行取決于備選方案評價與擇優(yōu)過程。就項目的目的與目標已經(jīng)編寫了清楚明白的文字說明，這包括某具體項目成為滿足組織經(jīng)營要求的方案的理由。記載這一決定的文件還對項目范圍、可交付成果和項目時間做了基本說明，還對組織投資分析的資源做了預測。將項目選擇過程整理歸檔將有助于弄清該項目的輪廓。項目與組織策略計劃的關系明確了該組織內高層管理人員的責任。在多階段項目中，隨后階段進行的啟動過程是為了確認在制定項目章程與擬定項目初步范圍說明書過程中所做的原假設與決策的合理性?！?BR> The initial scope description and the resources that the organization is willing to invest are further refined during the initiation process.If not already assigned,the project manager will be selected.Initial assumptions and constraints will also be documented.This information is captured in the Project Charter and,when it is approved,the project becomes officially authorized.Although the project management team may help write the Project Charter,approval and funding are handled external to the project boundaries.
在啟動過程中，應進一步細化最初對于項目范圍和組織愿意投入的資源所做的說明。如果尚未任命項目經(jīng)理，現(xiàn)在就應該選擇一位。最初的假設與制約因素也要擬成文件。這些信息應反映在項目章程中，一旦項目章程獲得批準，項目也就得到了正式授權。項目章程雖然可由項目管理團隊起草，但項目的批準與資金的取得是在項目之外。
As part of the Initiating Process Group,many large or complex projects may be divided into phases.Reviewing the initiating processes at the start of each phase helps to keep the project focused on the business need that the project was undertaken to address.The entry criteria are verified,including the availability of required resources.A decision is then made whether or not the project is ready to continue or whether the project should be delayed or discontinued.During subsequent project phases,further validation and development of the project scope for that phase is performed.Repeating the initiating processes at each subsequent phase also enables the project to be halted if the business need no longer exists or if the project is deemed unable to satisfy that business need.
許多大型或者復雜的項目可以劃分為若干階段，這也屬于啟動過程的一部分。在每一階段開始時對啟動過程進行審查，有助于讓項目始終將注意力集中在它本來應當解決的商業(yè)需要上。此時要核對進入下一階段的要求標準，包括是否有必需的資源等。然后，決定該項目是否已經(jīng)做好了繼續(xù)下去的準備，或者是否應推遲或中斷項目。隨后在各項目階段，要進一步審核和細化本階段的項目范圍。以后的各階段重復啟動過程，應能夠在經(jīng)營需要已經(jīng)消失或認為項目已經(jīng)無法滿足這一經(jīng)營需要時，將項目停頓下來。
Involving the customers and other stakeholders during initiation generally improves the probability of shared ownership,deliverable acceptance,and customer and other stakeholder satisfaction.Such acceptance is critical to project success.The Initiating Process Group（Figure 3-6）starts a project or project phase,and the output defines the project's purpose,identifies objectives,and authorizes the project manager to start the project.
讓顧客與其他利害關系者參與啟動過程，通常有助于改善和提高同意分享項目所有權、認同可交付成果、滿足顧客與其他利害關系者要求的可能性。這樣的認同對于項目的成功至關緊要。啟動過程組（見圖3-6）是開始一個項目或項目階段，該過程組的成果確定了項目的用途，明確了目標，并授權項目經(jīng)理開始實施這一項目。
The Initiating Process Group includes the following project managementprocesses:
啟動過程組包括如下項目管理過程：
1 Develop Project Charter
1 制定項目章程
This process is primarily concerned with authorizing the project or,in a multi-phase project,a project phase.It is the process necessary for documenting the business needs and the new product,service,or other result that is intended to satisfy those requirements.This chartering links the project to the ongoing work of the organization and authorizes the project.Projects are chartered and authorized external to the project by the organization,a program or portfolio management body.In multi-phase projects,this process is used to validate or refine the decisions made during the previous Develop Project Charter process.
這一過程的基本內容是核準項目或多階段項目的階段。它是記載經(jīng)營需要，預定要滿足這些要求的新產品、服務或其他成果的必要過程。頒發(fā)這一章程將項目與組織的日常業(yè)務聯(lián)系起來并使該項目獲得批準。項目章程是由在項目團隊之外的組織、計劃或綜合行動管理機構頒發(fā)并授權核準的。在多階段項目中，這一過程的用途是確認或細化在以前制定項目章程過程中所做的各個決定?！?BR> 2 Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement
2 制定項目初步范圍說明書
This is the process necessary for producing a preliminary high-level definition of the project using the Project Charter with other inputs to the initiating processes.This process addresses and documents the project and deliverable requirements,product requirements,boundaries of the project,methods of acceptance,and high-level scope control.In multi-phase projects,this process validates or refines the project scope for each phase.
這是利用項目章程與啟動過程組其他依據(jù)，為項目提出初步粗略高層定義的必要過程。這一過程處理和記載對項目與可交付成果提出的要求、產品要求、項目的邊界、驗收方法，以及高層范圍控制。在多階段項目中，這一過程確認或細化每一階段的項目范圍
啟動過程組
The Initiating Process Group consists of the processes that facilitate the formal authorization to start a new project or a project phase.Initiating processes are often done external to the project's scope of control by the organization or by program or portfolio processes（Figure 3-5），which may blur the project boundaries for the initial project inputs.For example,before beginning the Initiation Process Group activities,the organization's business needs or requirements are documented.The feasibility of the new undertaking may be established through a process of evaluating alternatives to pick the best one.Clear descriptions of the project objectives are developed,including the reasons why a specific project is the best alternative solution to satisfy the requirements.The documentation for this decision also contains a basic description of the project scope,the deliverables,project duration,and a forecast of the resources for the organization's investment analysis.The framework of the project can be clarified by documenting the project selection processes.The relationship of the project to the organization's strategic plan identifies the management responsibilities within the organization.In multi-phase projects,initiating processes are carried out during subsequent phases to validate the assumptions and decisions made during the original Develop Project Charter and Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement processes.
啟動過程組由一組有助于正式授權開始一個新項目或一個項目階段的過程組成。各啟動過程一般是由超出項目控制范圍之外的組織、計劃或綜合行動過程來完成的（見圖3-5），對于初始項目的依據(jù)，這種情況模糊了項目邊界。例如，在啟動過程組開始之前，就已將組織的經(jīng)營需要或要求形成了文件。新業(yè)務是否可行取決于備選方案評價與擇優(yōu)過程。就項目的目的與目標已經(jīng)編寫了清楚明白的文字說明，這包括某具體項目成為滿足組織經(jīng)營要求的方案的理由。記載這一決定的文件還對項目范圍、可交付成果和項目時間做了基本說明，還對組織投資分析的資源做了預測。將項目選擇過程整理歸檔將有助于弄清該項目的輪廓。項目與組織策略計劃的關系明確了該組織內高層管理人員的責任。在多階段項目中，隨后階段進行的啟動過程是為了確認在制定項目章程與擬定項目初步范圍說明書過程中所做的原假設與決策的合理性?！?BR> The initial scope description and the resources that the organization is willing to invest are further refined during the initiation process.If not already assigned,the project manager will be selected.Initial assumptions and constraints will also be documented.This information is captured in the Project Charter and,when it is approved,the project becomes officially authorized.Although the project management team may help write the Project Charter,approval and funding are handled external to the project boundaries.
在啟動過程中，應進一步細化最初對于項目范圍和組織愿意投入的資源所做的說明。如果尚未任命項目經(jīng)理，現(xiàn)在就應該選擇一位。最初的假設與制約因素也要擬成文件。這些信息應反映在項目章程中，一旦項目章程獲得批準，項目也就得到了正式授權。項目章程雖然可由項目管理團隊起草，但項目的批準與資金的取得是在項目之外。
As part of the Initiating Process Group,many large or complex projects may be divided into phases.Reviewing the initiating processes at the start of each phase helps to keep the project focused on the business need that the project was undertaken to address.The entry criteria are verified,including the availability of required resources.A decision is then made whether or not the project is ready to continue or whether the project should be delayed or discontinued.During subsequent project phases,further validation and development of the project scope for that phase is performed.Repeating the initiating processes at each subsequent phase also enables the project to be halted if the business need no longer exists or if the project is deemed unable to satisfy that business need.
許多大型或者復雜的項目可以劃分為若干階段，這也屬于啟動過程的一部分。在每一階段開始時對啟動過程進行審查，有助于讓項目始終將注意力集中在它本來應當解決的商業(yè)需要上。此時要核對進入下一階段的要求標準，包括是否有必需的資源等。然后，決定該項目是否已經(jīng)做好了繼續(xù)下去的準備，或者是否應推遲或中斷項目。隨后在各項目階段，要進一步審核和細化本階段的項目范圍。以后的各階段重復啟動過程，應能夠在經(jīng)營需要已經(jīng)消失或認為項目已經(jīng)無法滿足這一經(jīng)營需要時，將項目停頓下來。
Involving the customers and other stakeholders during initiation generally improves the probability of shared ownership,deliverable acceptance,and customer and other stakeholder satisfaction.Such acceptance is critical to project success.The Initiating Process Group（Figure 3-6）starts a project or project phase,and the output defines the project's purpose,identifies objectives,and authorizes the project manager to start the project.
讓顧客與其他利害關系者參與啟動過程，通常有助于改善和提高同意分享項目所有權、認同可交付成果、滿足顧客與其他利害關系者要求的可能性。這樣的認同對于項目的成功至關緊要。啟動過程組（見圖3-6）是開始一個項目或項目階段，該過程組的成果確定了項目的用途，明確了目標，并授權項目經(jīng)理開始實施這一項目。
The Initiating Process Group includes the following project managementprocesses:
啟動過程組包括如下項目管理過程：
1 Develop Project Charter
1 制定項目章程
This process is primarily concerned with authorizing the project or,in a multi-phase project,a project phase.It is the process necessary for documenting the business needs and the new product,service,or other result that is intended to satisfy those requirements.This chartering links the project to the ongoing work of the organization and authorizes the project.Projects are chartered and authorized external to the project by the organization,a program or portfolio management body.In multi-phase projects,this process is used to validate or refine the decisions made during the previous Develop Project Charter process.
這一過程的基本內容是核準項目或多階段項目的階段。它是記載經(jīng)營需要，預定要滿足這些要求的新產品、服務或其他成果的必要過程。頒發(fā)這一章程將項目與組織的日常業(yè)務聯(lián)系起來并使該項目獲得批準。項目章程是由在項目團隊之外的組織、計劃或綜合行動管理機構頒發(fā)并授權核準的。在多階段項目中，這一過程的用途是確認或細化在以前制定項目章程過程中所做的各個決定?！?BR> 2 Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement
2 制定項目初步范圍說明書
This is the process necessary for producing a preliminary high-level definition of the project using the Project Charter with other inputs to the initiating processes.This process addresses and documents the project and deliverable requirements,product requirements,boundaries of the project,methods of acceptance,and high-level scope control.In multi-phase projects,this process validates or refines the project scope for each phase.
這是利用項目章程與啟動過程組其他依據(jù)，為項目提出初步粗略高層定義的必要過程。這一過程處理和記載對項目與可交付成果提出的要求、產品要求、項目的邊界、驗收方法，以及高層范圍控制。在多階段項目中，這一過程確認或細化每一階段的項目范圍