Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion， it sorted out people and land uses， and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion， the omnibuses， horse railways， commuter trains， and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850， for example， the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work， shopping， and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920， for example， some 250，000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago， most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period， another 550，000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting， real estate developers added 800，000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course， many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided， but vacant， land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation： urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes， particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated， did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
[A] Types of mass transportation.
[B] Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
[B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
3. According to the passage， what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
[A] It was expensive.
[B] It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
4. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city，
[A] that is large.
[B] that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.
Vocabulary
1. revise 改變
2. fabric 結(jié)構(gòu)
3. catalyze 催化，加速
4. sort out 把……分門別類，揀選
5. omnibus 公共汽車/馬車
6. trolley (美)有軌電車，(英)無軌電車
7. periphery 周圍，邊緣
8. sprawl 建筑物無計(jì)劃延伸，蔓延，四面八方散開
9. lot 小片土地
10. underscore 強(qiáng)調(diào)，在下面劃橫線
11. transit lines 運(yùn)輸線路
12. subdivision (出售的)小塊土地，再劃分小區(qū)
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論述了“公共交通從三方面改變了城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)?！辈捎梅诸悓懛?。文章一開始就提出三方面：第一，促進(jìn)城市實(shí)質(zhì)性的擴(kuò)展;第二，把人和土地分民別類加以利用;第三，加速了城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。然后就是三方面的具體內(nèi)容。
答案詳解
1.D 公共交通運(yùn)輸對城市擴(kuò)展的影響。文章開門見山提出這一點(diǎn)“公共交通運(yùn)輸從三個(gè)根本方面改變了美國城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)?！焙竺嫖恼聝?nèi)容就是三方面的具體化。
A. 公共交通運(yùn)輸類型。 B. 城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。 C. 供需如何決定土地利用。這三項(xiàng)文中作為具體問題提到，并不是文章涉及的主要題目。
2.C 說明公共交通改變了許多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“舉例說，1850年，波士頓市界離老的商業(yè)地區(qū)幾乎不到2英里，到了這世紀(jì)末，其半徑擴(kuò)至10英里?，F(xiàn)在供得起的人們可以住得很遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離老的城市中心，仍然來回去那里上班、購物和娛樂”。第七句，“舉例說，在1890至1920年期間，據(jù)記載，芝加哥市界內(nèi)有約250，000個(gè)新的住宅樓區(qū)大多數(shù)設(shè)在郊區(qū)。經(jīng)過同樣這段時(shí)期，市區(qū)外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地區(qū)內(nèi)，又計(jì)劃建造了550，000個(gè)住宅樓區(qū)?！?BR> A. 表示成長的正反兩方面效果。B. 舉有無公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)某鞘袨槔?D. 對比兩者成長率;都不是本文中舉兩城市例子的目的。
3.C 沒有計(jì)劃。見第二段第三句起“城市擴(kuò)展蔓延根本無計(jì)劃，好幾千個(gè)小的投資商進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，毫不考慮相互協(xié)調(diào)配合利用土地，也不考慮未來土地利用?！?BR> A. 太貴 和 B.太慢，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，文內(nèi)沒有提。D. 它創(chuàng)造了對公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨?。這不是住宅擴(kuò)展的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，而是三個(gè)根本改變城市的一個(gè)方面。見第一段第三句：“通過大量開發(fā)未占土地?cái)U(kuò)建住宅，公共汽車、馬車、鐵路、來回火車，有軌電車把已有人定居的居住區(qū)向外擴(kuò)展了三四倍，比他們先現(xiàn)代時(shí)期的市中心更遠(yuǎn)?！?BR> 4.C(第二段中以芝加哥城市例子說明)土地開發(fā)超過人口增長速度。答案詳見第二段“這些購買和置備土地建設(shè)住宅，特別是購置臨近城市或就在市界外的土地，搶在交通線路和中產(chǎn)階層的居民進(jìn)去之前。他們這樣做的目的是創(chuàng)造一種需求，也是響應(yīng)這種需求。芝加哥就是這種過程的典型例子。那里的房地產(chǎn)小塊土地比人口增長快得很多很多。”
A. 城市大。B. 用作土地開發(fā)的樣板。 D. 具有優(yōu)越的公共的交通系統(tǒng)。 The stone age， The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science —— once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture： from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth， the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics， glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers‘ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics， for example， have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it， scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges， ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars， touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter， which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape， has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example， gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides， composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat： a helmet saved an infantryman‘s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult， for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five
2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.
3. Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A] It lies in research.
[B] It lies in investment.
[C] It lies in innovation.
[D] It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1. superstuff 超級材料
2. superconducting ceramic 超導(dǎo)陶瓷
3. exotic 神奇的
4. shape 塑造，成型
5. brittleness 脆性
6. polymer 聚合體
7. karate jacket 空手道外衣
8. touch sensor 觸及傳感器
9. each punch and chop 每一個(gè)擊、打
10. blot 玷污，損害風(fēng)景的東西
11. tinker 修補(bǔ)，調(diào)整
12. amendable 服從于，遵循的
13. biodegradable 能生物遞減分解的
14. six-pack rings 放六個(gè)罐子的環(huán)狀物
15. decompose 分解
16. recyclable 可循環(huán)(使用的)
17. infantryman 步兵
18. deflect 使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向
19. a new twist 一個(gè)新的觀點(diǎn)，方法
難句譯注
1. Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【參考譯文】材料科學(xué)，一度曾是無吸引力(不起眼)的技術(shù)，正以嶄新的 ，以超導(dǎo)陶瓷為首的種種實(shí)用性發(fā)明綻開新顏。這種超導(dǎo)陶瓷可能會(huì)使電子技術(shù)徹底改變。
2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
【參考譯文】有些高級材料是帶有新方法的老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。新全國電話的光纖電纜由玻璃制成。這種玻璃透明度極高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一塊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的窗框玻璃還要清晰透明。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇介紹“超導(dǎo)材料”的論說文，采用一般到具體的分類寫作手法。先指出未來時(shí)代的材料屬于超導(dǎo)，然后再提出三種超導(dǎo)材料，再逐一說明。
答案詳解
1. B 三種超導(dǎo)材料。答案再第一段后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過改善導(dǎo)致脆性的微小缺陷，科學(xué)家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅(jiān)實(shí)得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料?！邦愃频霓D(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強(qiáng)度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機(jī)的葉輪。一種震動(dòng)或推動(dòng)就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機(jī)械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動(dòng)記錄每次擊打。”后面談及塑料垃圾可以處理，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強(qiáng)性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。
2. B 說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會(huì)象生物工程和計(jì)算機(jī)一樣將改變世界?！盇. 把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用——改變世界。 C. 把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。 與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D. 說明他的觀點(diǎn)。太籠統(tǒng)。
3. A 轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時(shí)間。見后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資。可以這么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個(gè)國家之成敗?！盉. 因?yàn)樵S多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。C. 因?yàn)樾虏牧系难芯糠浅＠щy。 D. 轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時(shí)間。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒有涉及。
4. D 在超級材料時(shí)代已過之成功在于應(yīng)用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投資。C. 在于革新。這三項(xiàng)都是應(yīng)用的部分前提。其中A和B文內(nèi)提到，C項(xiàng)文內(nèi)未涉及。 Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world‘s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere， Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States， Switzerland， and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share.
The Transantarctic Mountain， some of them more than 14，000 feet high， divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain， the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet， but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared， the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments， others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica， valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land， these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9，000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone， perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10，000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges， rippled fields of sand dunes， clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds， and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys， some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.
[B] Antarctica： Earth‘s Early-Warning station.
[C] Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post.
[D] Antarctica： a Mysterious Place.
2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?
[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.
[B] The western part of the continent would be reduced.
[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.
[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.
3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?
[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.
[B] It rarely snows.
[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.
[D] Sand dunes.
4. Which of the following is true?
[A] The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.
[B] The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.
[C] The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.
[D] The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.
Vocabulary
1. distant-early-warning sensor 遠(yuǎn)距離早期報(bào)警傳感器
2. plateau 高原，高地
3. slash 揮砍
4. blast 一陣疾風(fēng)/狂風(fēng)
5. vicious 邪惡的，兇魔般的
6. gorge 峽谷
7. ripple 起伏，使起微波
8. sand dune 沙丘
9. verdant 綠色
10. extraterrestrial 地球之外的
11. aura 氣氛
難句譯注
1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】see … as 把……看作。Where定從修飾Antarctic.
【參考譯文】因此，越來越多的科學(xué)家把南極洲視為一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)距離早期報(bào)警敏感器，在那里地球許多潛在的危險(xiǎn)動(dòng)向早在它們出現(xiàn)于北方以前就能發(fā)現(xiàn)。
2. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain
東指的使印度正南的這一部分。或山移動(dòng)的那部分洲。
3. an aura of extraterrestrial desolation
應(yīng)譯為：與地球格格不入的一種荒涼隔絕的氣氛?；蚺c世隔絕的一種荒涼氣氛。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇有關(guān)南極洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，點(diǎn)面結(jié)合寫法。首先提出：由于南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以這塊地方就可能得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測量結(jié)果。它成了監(jiān)察世界環(huán)境變化的觀察哨和空間站，后面幾段就寫了進(jìn)行考察的方面和結(jié)果。
答案詳解
1. A 南極洲和環(huán)境問題。B. 南極洲：地球早的報(bào)警戰(zhàn)。C.南極洲：獨(dú)一無二的觀察哨。D. 南極洲：神秘的地方。三項(xiàng)都是總內(nèi)容眾的組成部分。
2. D 大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段“橫斷南極的山脈，有的高達(dá)一萬四千多英尺，把這大陸分成情況各異的兩個(gè)地區(qū)。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原;山脈以西，即美洲以南的半個(gè)大陸也為冰層所覆蓋?？墒?，這里冰層覆蓋在大大低于海平面的巖石。如果西南極洲冰層消失，那這大陸西部將成為稀疏的島群。”A. 大陸西部將小時(shí)。B. 大陸西部縮小。 D. 大陸西部將成為分散的島嶼。
3. C 因?yàn)榈厍蜃兣涂耧L(fēng)勁吹。在第四段：“……這些干谷甚至在寒冬季節(jié)也很少有冰雪。它們插在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中，一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海的深度為9000英尺的冰河。現(xiàn)在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一萬年間地球變暖的結(jié)果。即使落入干谷的雪也被從極地高原咆哮入海的邪惡狂風(fēng)吹散了。留下來的是*露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時(shí)速一百英里的大風(fēng)雕刻成奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象?！盇. 邪惡的狂風(fēng)吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。這三項(xiàng)只是干谷現(xiàn)象的一部分。
4. C 他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“盡管干谷具有神秘的一面，科學(xué)家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了希望的信息?！盇.干谷內(nèi)什么都沒有留下。B. 干谷內(nèi)從沒有冰河。D. 按照科學(xué)家的看法，干谷毫無用處。 Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft， accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear， and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion if only they had access to this information.
And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS)， in Europe and Japan respectively， pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda， a Japanese carmaker， even combines VICS data with position data from 150，000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road， says David Schrier of ABI Research， a consultancy.
Meanwhile ITIS， a British company， is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator's network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are “handed off” from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists， but this idea has great potential， says Mr Schrier.
Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond， Washington， at the headquarters of Microsoft， employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts， by e-mail or text message， warning them of impending gridlock. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modelling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends， weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft， who developed the system， says it is accurate 75% of the time， and 3，000 employees use it daily.
A system called Beat-the-Traffic， developed by Triangle Software of Campbell， California， with funding from the National Science Foundation， goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec， the firm's boss， thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed， in June， KXTV News 10， a TV station in Sacramento， California， began showing Triangle's traffic forecasts for the coming week.
1. To know what is exactly happening on the rods， we don‘t need to
[A] dispatch aircraft to spot the traffic.
[B] guarantee drivers have access to the information system.
[C] obtain related reports of accident.
[D] collect data of the positions of buses.
2. Honda is mentioned in the second paragraph to suggest that
[A] Traffic Message Channel is established in Japan.
[B] Japan is in the lead in solving traffic problems.
[C] Honda demonstrated how VICS can be used.
[D] Only few people can afford to enjoy this service.
3. The use of mobile-phone signals in monitoring traffic is
[A] monopolized by IT IS， a British company.
[B] promising but still under experiment.
[C] based on the data from people on roads.
[D] effective in reducing traffic speeds.
4. JamBayes is deferent from the previously mentioned technologies as it
[A] helps the drivers to choose the fastest lane.
[B] send information to cars in the system.
[C] is based on a technique modeling to combine various data.
[D] helps the drivers to avoid congestion.
5. It can be inferred from the text that
[A] traffic jam remains unavoidable worldwide.
[B] traffic forecasts will become as authoritative as the weather forecasts.
[C] there is always a short cut by using one of these systems.
[D] new systems will improve the transportation situation.
參考答案：
1. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“為了了解路上正在發(fā)生什么情況，我們不必 ”。題干中的“what is exactly happening on the roads”出自文章第一段第四句話中，表明本題與第一段有關(guān)。第一段介紹了準(zhǔn)確了解路上發(fā)生的情況的條件——興建交通控制中心(這些中心與攝像機(jī)和傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起)、交通巡視飛機(jī)、事故報(bào)道以及配備了衛(wèi)星定位裝置的車輛的明確位置。這說明，[A]“派遣飛機(jī)去監(jiān)控交通”，[C]“得到相關(guān)的事故報(bào)告”和[B]“收集車輛位置的信息”是需要的條件。只有[D]“確保司機(jī)可以利用信息系統(tǒng)”是避免堵塞的條件，與題目的要求不符，為正確答案。
2. A 結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題的問題是“在第二段提到本田是為了表示 ”。第二段首先介紹了VICS系統(tǒng)的工作原理，指出，依靠這類系統(tǒng)，司機(jī)可以了解哪里交通堵塞，并盡量避開，隨后提到了本田公司的做法——將VICS信息與15 萬臺(tái)車輛的定位信息綜合起來，以便司機(jī)可以在堵塞的道路上選擇快的車道。這說明，提到本田公司是為了說明VICS系統(tǒng)的工作原理。[A]“本田證實(shí)了VICS如何可以得到應(yīng)用”與此意符合，為正確答案。[C]“交通信息頻道已經(jīng)在日本開通”是針對第二段第二句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是誤解了in Europe and Japan respectively這個(gè)短語的意思;第二段中并沒有比較日本和歐洲的系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)越性，所以[B]“在解決交通問題方面，日本處于地位”與文意不符;[D]“只有很少的人可以享受得起這種服務(wù)”屬于無中生有。
3. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“移動(dòng)電話信號用來監(jiān)控交通狀況 ”。題干中的“mobile phone signals”出自文章第三段第一句話中，表明本題與第三段有關(guān)。第三段提到，英國公司ITIS是少數(shù)幾家試驗(yàn)利用手機(jī)信號來了解缺少攝像機(jī)或傳感器的線路交通狀況的公司之一，隨后介紹了其工作原理，指出，這種理念有很大的潛力。這說明，這種處于試驗(yàn)階段的做法有前途。[B]“大有前途，但仍處于試驗(yàn)階段”與此意符合，為正確答案。 [A] “由一家叫ITIS的英國公司所壟斷”明顯與文中“one of several firms experimenting...”的意思不符;[C]“依據(jù)路上行人的信息”與該段后一句話的意思不符;[D]“在降低交通速度方面有效”是針對該段“to deduce traffic speeds...”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，明顯是誤解了deduce一詞的意思。
4. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“‘堵塞貝葉斯’與先前提到的技術(shù)不同，因?yàn)樗?”。題干中的“JamBayes”出自文章第四段第二句話中，表明本題與第四段有關(guān)。第四段提到“堵塞貝葉斯”時(shí)指出，它利用一種名為“貝葉斯模式”的技術(shù)，將實(shí)時(shí)交通數(shù)據(jù)同以前的趨勢、天氣信息以及一系列像節(jié)假日這樣的特別日期的信息連接起來。這說明，原因是其工作原理不同。[C]“基于一種綜合各種信息的技術(shù)模式”是對文中相關(guān)信息的概括，為正確答案。選擇快的車道是VICS的功能，所以[A]“幫助司機(jī)選擇快的車道”與文意不符;向系統(tǒng)中的車輛發(fā)送信息和幫助司機(jī)避免堵塞這兩點(diǎn)與前面提到的技術(shù)功能相同，所以[B]“向系統(tǒng)中的車輛發(fā)送信息”和[D]“幫助司機(jī)避免堵塞”不是原因。
5. D 推論題。本題的問題是“根據(jù)本文，可以推知 ”。文章前面的段落提到了幾種避免交通堵塞的技術(shù)，介紹了它們的功能，指出，這些觀念有很大的潛力，系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)時(shí)間都很準(zhǔn)確，并且交通預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣普遍。由此可知，交通監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)可能改善交通狀況。[D]“新系統(tǒng)將改善交通狀況”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“在全世界，交通堵塞仍然不可避免”明顯與第一段前面兩句話的意思不符;文中只是說交通預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣普遍，并沒有說有權(quán)威性，所以[B]“交通預(yù)報(bào)將像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣有權(quán)威性”與文意不符;[C]“通過利用這些系統(tǒng)中的一種，總是可以找到捷徑”太絕對，與文意不符。 The entertainment industry and technology companies have been warring for years over the dazzling ability of computers and the Internet to copy and transmit music and movies.
A crucial battle ended this week with a ruling by America‘s Supreme Court in favor of copyright holder and against two companies that distribute peer-to-peer (P2P) software which lets users share files online with others. The court’s decision， though ostensibly a victory for content providers， is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing- much of which will continue from outside America or stop technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms.
The court was asked to decide whether two firms， Grokster and StreamCast， were liable for copingright infringement by their customers. Two lower courts had said that the firms were nor liable， citing a 1984 ruling in favor of Sony‘ Betamax vidil recorder， this held that a technology firm is immune from liability so long as the device concerned is “capable of substantial non-infringing uses”。 The court die not reinterpret the 1984 decision in light of the Internet. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue： whether Grokster and StrwarnCast induced users to violate copurights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it. Such behavior would make the firms clearly liable for copyright infringement and end their immunity， even under the Betamax standard. The court reasoned that there were sufficient grounds to believe that inducement occurred， and sent the case back to lower courts for trivial.
Although the Grokster decision will probably not squelch innovation as much as many tech firms fear， it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious about how they market their products—and quite right. But the Supreme Court‘s narrow ruling makes this unlikely –indeed， the justices noted the technology’s widespread legitimate use. Yet their decision will surely emcolden the entertainment industry to pursue in court any firms that they can claim knowingly allow infringement. This could kill off some small innovative start-ups. On the other hand， the ruling could also provide legal cover for tech firms with the wit to plaster their products with warnings not to violate the law.
But judged from a long-term perspective， this week‘s victory for copyright holders seems likely to prove a Pyrrhic one. The Internet and file sharing are disruptive technologies that give consumers vastly more ability to use all sorts of media content， copyrighted or not. Surely entertainment firms must devise ways to use this technology to sell their wares that will also allow copyright to be protected.
So long as technology continues to evolve in ways that enable legitimate content sharing， piracy will also probably continue to some degree. Happily， in this case the piracy seems to have prompted content firms to compete by offering better fee-based services. The challenge for content providers is to use new technology to create value for customers， and to make those who use content illegally feel bad about it.
1. The ruling of America‘s Supreme Court
[A] indeed hit the piracy industry hard.
[B] has little impact on content sharing.
[C] may prevent tech firms from innovating.
[D] can lead to a flourish of entertainment industry.
2. The Grokster decision was based on the evidence that Grokster
[A] distributed P2P software illegally.
[B] allowed users sharing without permission.
[C] violated the copyright of entertainment firms.
[D] took advantage of Betamax standard.
3. The word “Pyrrhic” (Para. 5) can be replaced by
[A] undeserving
[B] unacceptable
[C] pointless
[D] unreasonable
4. In the last paragraph， the author suggests that
[A] piracy to some extent be advocated.
[B] content providers promot tech innovation.
[C] all entertainment firms protect the sopyright.
[D] better fee-based services be offered to combat piracy.
5. The best title for the text might be
[A] Copyright， to Be Protected Urgently
[B] The Pro-copyright Holder Verdict， a True Victory?
[C] Piracy out of Control.
[D] Tech Firms， How Far to Go?
詞匯注釋
1. peer-to-peer 對等網(wǎng)絡(luò)
2. ostensibly 表面上地
3. stamp out 撲滅，踩滅
4. squelch 妨礙
5. embolden 鼓勵(lì)
6. knowingly 有意識(shí)地
7. plaster 粘貼
8. Pyrrhic victory 得不償失的勝利
難句講解
1. The court’s decision, though ostensibly a victory for content providers, is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing- much of which will continue from outside America- or stop technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“The court’s decision is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing or stop technological innovation…”。Though引導(dǎo)短語是插入語，作讓步狀語;破折號里面的內(nèi)容是在解釋file sharing; or 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾innovation。
2. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue: whether Grokster and StrwarnCast induced users to violate copyrights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“the justices ruled that…”。That引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句;冒號后面的句子是在解釋issue，其中的it指的是violate copyrights這件事。
3. Although the Grokster decision will probably not squelch innovation as much as many tech firms fear, it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious about how they market their products—and quite right.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious…”。Although引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，其中的as much as引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語從句;it 指的是the Grokster decision;how 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句;破折號里面的內(nèi)容是在進(jìn)一步說明前面的句子。
答案與解析
1. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“美國高法院的裁決 ”。題干中的“America’s Supreme court”出自文章第二段第一句話中，表明本題與第二段有關(guān)。第二段首先提到了高法院的裁決，接著指出，雖然表面上看來是網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源供應(yīng)商的勝利，但是，法院的裁決卻不可能消除文件共享。[B]“對資源共享沒有產(chǎn)生什么影響”與此意符合，為正確答案。雖然第二段第一句話提到，裁決有利于版權(quán)所有者、不利于兩家公司，但第二句話卻說“法院的裁決卻不可能消除文件共享”，而文件共享是盜版的重要前提，說明[A]“確實(shí)沉重打擊了盜版業(yè)”與文意不符;該段第二句話說“法院的裁決不可能阻止技術(shù)革新”，并且第四段提到，針對Grokster公司一案的裁決可能不會(huì)妨礙革新，說明[C]“可能阻礙科技公司的創(chuàng)新”不對;根據(jù)第二段可知，裁決對娛樂業(yè)有利是表面現(xiàn)象，并不是事實(shí)，所以[D]“可能引導(dǎo)娛樂業(yè)走向繁榮”與文意不符。
2. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“針對Groksier公司一案的裁決是基于這樣的證據(jù),Grokster公司”。題干中的“Grokster”，出自文章第三段第一句話中，表明本題與第三段有關(guān)。第三段首先介紹了高法院的裁決，接著指出，本案提出了一個(gè)狹隘得多的問題，即Grokster和StreamCast這兩家公司是否引誘用戶侵犯版權(quán)，并且故意不采取任何簡單可行的措施來防止這種事情的發(fā)生，而高法院認(rèn)為，有充分的理由使人相信存在這種誘導(dǎo)。這說明，裁決的依據(jù)是該公司可能引誘用戶侵犯版權(quán)。[B]“允許用戶未經(jīng)許可共享文件”與此意符合，為正確答案。該段第一句話提到，高法院被要求就Grokster和StreamCast這兩家公司是否應(yīng)該為其用戶侵犯版權(quán)的行為負(fù)責(zé)一案做出裁決，說明銷售P2P軟件并不是法院裁決的依據(jù)，所以[A]“非法銷售P2P軟件”與文意不符;根據(jù)第三段可知，侵犯版權(quán)的是該公司的顧客，不是公司本身，所以[C]“侵犯了娛樂公司的版權(quán)”與文意不符;該段提到，即使是按照Betamax牌錄像機(jī)一案的裁決標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，公司也應(yīng)該對侵犯版權(quán)的行為承擔(dān)責(zé)任，說明[D]“利用了Betamax一案的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與文意不符。
3. A 詞義題。本題的問題是“單詞‘Pyrrhic’(第五段)可以被 代替”。第四段介紹了裁決的影響，第五段接著指出，從長遠(yuǎn)看，版權(quán)所有者本周的勝利似乎可能被證明是一場得不償失的勝利，隨后分析說，因特網(wǎng)和文件共享是破壞性的技術(shù)，這些技術(shù)使得用戶更能使用各種有版權(quán)的或沒版權(quán)的傳媒資源。這說明，版權(quán)所有者的勝利可能是一場不值得的勝利。[Al tt不值得的”是對此意的改寫，為正確答案。[B]“無法接受的”、[C]“沒有意義的”、[D]“不合理的”都不準(zhǔn)確。
4. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“在后一段，作者提出， ”。后一段提到，侵犯版權(quán)的行為似乎已經(jīng)促使資源公司通過提供更好的收費(fèi)服務(wù)來競爭，資源供應(yīng)商面臨的挑戰(zhàn)就是利用新技術(shù)為用戶創(chuàng)造價(jià)值。[D]“應(yīng)該提供更好的付費(fèi)服務(wù)來對付盜版行為”是對此意的概括，為正確答案。文中說的是“只要技術(shù)以允許分享合法資源的方式繼續(xù)發(fā)展那么侵犯版權(quán)的行為也將繼續(xù)下去”，說明[A]“應(yīng)該在一定程度上提倡盜版”與文意不符;文中說的是“資源供應(yīng)商面臨的挑戰(zhàn)就是利用新技術(shù)為用戶創(chuàng)造價(jià)值”，[B]“資源供應(yīng)商應(yīng)該促進(jìn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新”是對此意的曲解;作者在后一段并沒有提出要娛樂公司保護(hù)版權(quán)的問題，所以[C]“所有娛樂公司都應(yīng)該保護(hù)版權(quán)”屬于無中生有。
5. B 主旨題。本題的問題是“本文的佳標(biāo)題可能是 ”。文章首先提到了高法院的裁決，接著指出，雖然表面上看來是網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源供應(yīng)商的勝利，但是，法院的裁決卻不可能消除文件共享，隨后的段落介紹了法院的裁決，指出，從長遠(yuǎn)看，版權(quán)所有者的勝利可能被證明是一場得不償失的勝利，接著分析了原因。這說明，本文主要是在解釋法院的裁決是否真的對版權(quán)所有者有利。[B]“對版權(quán)所有者有利的裁決是一場真正的勝利嗎?”是對本文內(nèi)容的恰當(dāng)概括，可以表達(dá)本文的主題，為正確答案。本文雖然提出應(yīng)該保護(hù)版權(quán)，但是并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)版權(quán)的緊迫性，所以[A]“應(yīng)該立即保護(hù)版權(quán)”不能表達(dá)本文的主題;后一段雖然提到“侵犯版權(quán)的行為也將繼續(xù)下去”，但并沒有說盜版行為失去控制，所以[C]“盜版行為失去了控制”不能表達(dá)本文的主題;科技公司只是文中在介紹裁決時(shí)提到的細(xì)節(jié)，所以[D]“科技公司可以走多遠(yuǎn)?”不能表達(dá)本文的主題。 Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental， emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields emanating from power lines， mobile phones， computers and sub-stations， to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.
Electro-magnetic fields are invisible to the naked eye. However， their presence in homes， offices and factories， in strong forms， is increasingly being shown to be harmful to our health. American and Scandinavian research shows how electro-magnetic stress can contribute to insomnia， lethargy， depression， allergies， headaches， learning problems， aches and pains in the joints and more serious illnesses such as cancer and me.
It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio， microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.
There are simple measures that can be taken in the home to reduce the electro-magnetic fields. It is advisable to remove all plugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use. Our measuring instruments show that this is far more effective in reducing electro-magnetic fields than just turning off the socket switch on the wall. The bedroom is the most important area to be free of electro-magnetic bombardments. At night the body repairs its cells. However， if the body is being bombarded by electro-magnetic fields this function can be impaired.
It is therefore important not to use any plug sockets immediately behind the bed during the night owing to electro-magnetic fields being emitted. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic radiation even when the switch is in the off position. This means that the body is constantly getting a dose of electro-magnetic radiation all night which can impair sleep， cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body. Electric alarm clocks can also cause a wide band of electro-magnetic stress in the head area. These clocks are best moved to about four feet away from the bed or replaced by a battery only alarm clock. Similarly the bedroom television also needs to be about 6 feet away from the bed. Electrical installations on the wall immediately behind or next to the bed are also relevant here. Where there is a computer， for example， in the next room close to the bedroom wall this may well cause electro-magnetic fields to radiate through the wall to the bed area. Computers can also link with televisions and electrical kitchen equipment to cause distorted fields.
1. It can be inferred from the text that electric devices are
[A] perfect modern inventions.
[B] all invisible health killers.
[C] almost all mixed blessings.
[D] all directed magnetically.
2. The text indicates that electro-magnetic fields
[A] exist everywhere on the globe.
[B] seem inescapable to modern people.
[C] can be eliminated intentionally.
[D] may be adjusted to the survival of life.
3. The author appeals for sufficient awareness of the
[A] mutual interference from household electric appliances.
[B] interaction between radio frequency and earth magnetism.
[C] harmful results of man-made and natural electric fields.
[D] joint effects of artificial and natural electro-magnetic fields.
4. The proposed measures to reduce the harmful effects include
[A] unplugging the machine when it goes out of use.
[B] freeing the bedroom of electric appliances at night.
[C] switching off the apparatus when it quiets working.
[D] disconnect electric devices immediately after working.
5. The bedroom needs protection from man-made fields because
[A] our health is more readily harmed during our sleep
[B] its walls can hardly hamper the radiation of the fields.
[C] electric installations on the wall are hard to be shielded.
[D] our head is liable to be affected by electricity at rest.
詞匯注釋
1. substation 變電站
2. insomnia 失眠癥
3. lethargy 無精打彩
4. contention 論點(diǎn)
5. socket 插座
6. repose 休眠
7. distorted 不正常的
難句講解
1. Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental， emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields coming from power lines， mobile phones， computers and sub-stations， to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“Scientists and members of the public are becoming concerned about…”。on mental…短語修飾effects;coming from…短語修飾electro-magnetic fields;to name…短語作狀語，其中的that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾devices.
2. It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio， microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“It is our contention…”。that引導(dǎo)的是contention的同位語從句;microwave and electro-magnetic and…是前面短語的并列成分。
3. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic fields which can damage sleep， cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“Electric blankets still emit a high level of electro-magnetic…”。when not unplugged at the wall是一個(gè)省略的時(shí)間狀語從句;which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾electro-magnetic fields;cause a feeling of…是前面謂語的并列成分。
答案與解析
1. C推論題。本題的問題是“根據(jù)本文，可以推知，電子設(shè)備是 ”。第一段提到，人們越來越關(guān)注電磁場對人的智力、心理以及身體健康產(chǎn)生的影響，并指出這些電磁場來自于電線、移動(dòng)電話、電腦以及變電站，隨后的段落具體說明了這些電器對人產(chǎn)生的不利影響。由此可知，電子設(shè)備雖然可以給人類帶來好處，但也會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害影響。[C]“差不多好壞參半的恩賜”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“完美的現(xiàn)代發(fā)明”明顯與文意不符; [B]“無形的健康殺手”不準(zhǔn)確，沒有提到它的有害影響;文中的信息表明，電磁場是由電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的，所以[D]“通過磁場控制”屬于本末倒置。
2. B 推論題。本題的問題是“本文暗示，電磁場 ”。第一段列舉了一些常見的電子設(shè)備，第二段接著指出，電磁場是肉眼看不見的，它們存在于家庭、辦公室以及工廠。由此可知，電磁場非常普遍，人們避免不了。[B]“對于現(xiàn)代人來說似乎不可避免”是對此意的改寫，為正確答案。[A]“存在于地球的任何地方”是針對第三段“the earth naturalmagnetic and electric fields……”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符;文中只是說“可以采取一些簡單措施來降低電磁場”，并沒有說可以消除電磁場，所以[C]“可以有目的地消除”與文意不符;[D]“可以調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)生命的幸存”屬于無中生有。
3. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“作者呼吁人們充分了解 ”。文章前面兩段介紹了電磁場的影響，第三段指出，人類沒有足夠重視人造頻率以及地球自身磁場和電磁場之間的交互作用，沒有足夠重視這種交互作用對人類健康產(chǎn)生的影響。這說明，作者希望公眾了解人造頻率和電磁場之間的交互作用。[D]“人造電磁場與自然電磁場之間的交互作用”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“家用電器的相互干擾”和[B]“無線電頻率與地球磁場之間的交互作用”不準(zhǔn)確，沒有提到與電磁場的交互作用;[C]“人造電磁場和自然電磁場的有害結(jié)果”是針對第三段“…the effects of this interaction 0n health”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中說的是交互作用對健康產(chǎn)生的影響，說明C與文意不符。
4. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“提出的降低有害影響的措施包括 ”。第四、五段介紹了應(yīng)該采取的措施——如果不使用電器，從插座上拔掉所有插頭;在床后面不要使用任何插頭插座;把電子鬧鐘移到離床頭大約4英尺遠(yuǎn)的地方，或者用電池鬧鐘取代這些鐘;臥室的電視機(jī)移到離床頭大約10英尺遠(yuǎn)的地方。只有[D]“使用后立即關(guān)掉電器”屬于措施之一。[A]“如果不再使用電器，就拔掉其插頭”是針對第四段第二句話“remove auplugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use”設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是誤解了not in use(不使用)的意思，而A中的go out of use意思為“不再使用、廢棄”，所以與文意不符;[B]“在晚上，在臥室不使用電器”是針對第五段第一句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符;[C]“如果電器停止工作，就關(guān)掉它”中的條件明顯與文意不符。
5. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“臥室需要免受人造磁場的影響，因?yàn)?”。題干中的“the bedroom”出自文章第四段第四句話中，表明本題與第四段有關(guān)。第四段提到臥室時(shí)指出，臥室是降低電磁場影響的重要區(qū)域，隨后解釋說，人體的細(xì)胞在晚上處于休眠狀態(tài)，如果身體受到電磁場的影響，這種功能就可能受到損害。這說明，原因是在睡眠時(shí)人體容易受到影響。[A]“在睡眠時(shí)，我們的健康更容易受到損害”與此意符合，為正確答案。[B]“臥室的墻壁難以阻擋磁場的輻射”是針對后一段倒數(shù)第二句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中是在舉例說明在墻后或靠近床頭安裝電器也有影響，與題目的要求不符;[C] “安裝在墻上的電器難以受到保護(hù)”屬于無中生有;[D]“我們的大腦在休息時(shí)容易受到電流的影響”是針對后一段第三句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中說的是“電子鬧鐘也可能在人腦部位產(chǎn)生很大的電磁壓力”，這與題目的要求不符。 At an office in Virginia，in the east of the United States，a team of ten net savvy workers
scours the web for sexual content，from basic sex education to sex acts.This“quality assurance‘’team is making sure that the blocking component of Symantec‘s Norton Internet Security 2000 computer program remains effective.This is because there is widespread parental concern about blocking websites with sexual content from children.
Website blocking is nothing new——services like Net Nanny and programs like Cyber Patrol and Guard Dog have been around for a few years now，protecting children and reassuring parents that only wholesome websites are accessed by the youngsters.Net Nanny and Cyber Patrol will prevent access to any questionable sites when the program is in place.
Now Symantec says it has created a new category in consumer software with a package that combines website blocking with a“firewall”，protecting your computer from hackers，snoopers and viruses，as well as preventing inadvertent disclosure of personal data.
In short，Norton Internet Security(NIS)，as the program is called，is designed to serve as the guardian of your digital health，keeping the bad things out and the private things in.
The Symantec program can be configured in many ways，the website blocking，for example，can be set to be either selectively permissive or total in its banning of websites，or switched off entirely.Also，Symantec‘s list of no-go areas，which on the CD now stand at around 36，000 addresses，is not confined to sex sites.The team in Virginia is also on the lookout for sites advocating drugs，or which contain references to violence or gambling，and keeps a watch on chat rooms，e—mail services，entertainment portals——even job search and financial pages.These sites can be blocked by the program.
Computer users can also refresh the address list online wim the Live Update feature which is used by Norton Anti—Virus(which is bundled with NIS)to load the latest virus definitions.This service is free for the first year but，including virus definition updates，it costs$1 9.95 a year thereafter.
The system is not perfect，however.Limited testing found the blocking of some “questionable” sites was not comprehensive.Trying to get access to a well—known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an “incorrectly categorized”site.By contrast.you could find in other countries such as New Zealand a sex site.
1.Which of the following statements can be inferred from paragraph 1 7
[A] The net savvy workers are interested in searching the web for sexual content.
[B]The parents hope the blocking component of Norton Interact Security remains effective.
[C]The parents all over the world do not want the sexual websites to be blocked.
[D]The parents all over the world concern that their children will be harmed by the sexual websites.
2.The word“wholesome”(Line 3.Para.2)probably means .
[A]healthy [B]thorough [C]complete [D]perfect
3.According to the text，NIS is designed to——。
[A]make profit for Symantec
[B] permit any other people sharing your personal data
[C] prevent you from accessing any questionable sites
[D] protect personal data from carelessly disclosure
4.Which of the following statement is correct according to the passage?
[A] Both the program and virus update are free.
[B]The NIS program is free，but you should pay$19.95 per year for the virus update.
[C]The program can refresh the address list online with the Live Update function.
[D] Computer users should pay$1 9.95 every year the time they begin to use the program.
5.By saying“the blocking of some questionable sites was not comprehensive”，the author means
_____.
[A] ‘Playboy“ should be included in the list of no—go areas
[B] NIS is not effective in other countries at all
[C] all the websites in New Zealand should be included in the list
[D]some questionable websites are not included in the list of no-go areas
核心詞匯
Switch vt.開關(guān)(電器設(shè)備);轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變 reference n.涉及 bundle v.捆扎
virus n.病毒
難句點(diǎn)津
Trying to get access to a well—known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an“incorrectly categorized”site.
[點(diǎn)津]句子的主語是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語trying to get access to…，謂語是results in，賓語是
message，with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作定語修飾message，其中to report an…是invitation的定語。
文章翻譯
美國東部弗吉尼亞州漢普頓的一個(gè)辦公室里，10名精通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作人員組成的小組正在搜索網(wǎng)絡(luò)上從基礎(chǔ)性教育到性行為等有關(guān)性的內(nèi)容。這個(gè)“質(zhì)量保證”小組正在確保賽門鐵克公司“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警2000”的封鎖還是有效的。這是因?yàn)楸姸喔改赶Ｍ帘螏в猩閮?nèi)容的網(wǎng)站以使孩子免受不良內(nèi)容的影響。
網(wǎng)站屏蔽并不新鮮?像“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保姆”這類服務(wù)和“網(wǎng)絡(luò)巡警”、‘’看門狗‘’這些程序至今已運(yùn)行了好幾年。這些服務(wù)和程序保護(hù)孩子，也使家長放心，因?yàn)槟贻p人只能接觸到健康的網(wǎng)站。當(dāng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保姆”和“網(wǎng)絡(luò)巡警”運(yùn)行時(shí)，可以阻止進(jìn)入任何存在問題的網(wǎng)站。
現(xiàn)在，賽門鐵克公司聲稱自己已經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一種供用戶使用的新程序，這種程序可以將網(wǎng)站屏蔽系統(tǒng)與防火墻結(jié)合起來，保護(hù)電腦免受黑客、偷窺者和病毒的襲擊，同時(shí)也可防止無意中泄露個(gè)人信息。
總之，“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警”名如其實(shí)，它被設(shè)計(jì)成數(shù)字健康的衛(wèi)士，保護(hù)你的隱私，將不好的東西排除在外。
賽門鐵克的程序可以被設(shè)定為多種形式，以網(wǎng)站屏蔽為例，可以設(shè)置成部分屏蔽也可設(shè)置成全部屏蔽，或者完全將其關(guān)閉。另外，賽門鐵克程序光盤上列出的禁入網(wǎng)站已多達(dá)3萬6 千個(gè)，不只局限于色情網(wǎng)站。維吉尼亞的工作小組還在關(guān)注那些宣傳毒品，或是包含暴力、賭博內(nèi)容的網(wǎng)站。同時(shí)也監(jiān)視聊天室、郵件服務(wù)、娛樂端口，甚至是工作搜索網(wǎng)站和財(cái)務(wù)方面的網(wǎng)頁，這些網(wǎng)站都可以被該程序屏蔽。
計(jì)算機(jī)用戶還可以用“諾頓防毒”程序(“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警‘’附帶的)的”即時(shí)更新‘’功能在線刷新“禁入網(wǎng)站”名單，下載新的病毒定義。這些服務(wù)在第一年是免費(fèi)的，但之后包括對病毒定義的升級在內(nèi)，每年要花費(fèi)19.95美元。
但是這種系統(tǒng)并不盡善盡美。有限的幾次測試就發(fā)現(xiàn)對“有問題的‘’網(wǎng)站的屏蔽并不全面。比如，想要進(jìn)入美國的知名網(wǎng)站，如”花花公子“，結(jié)果就會(huì)馬上出現(xiàn)一條屏蔽信息，報(bào)告這是個(gè)”錯(cuò)誤分類“的網(wǎng)站。相反，你可以找到其他國家的色情網(wǎng)站，比如新西蘭的。
答案解析
1.D推斷題。文章第一段提到，質(zhì)量保證小組正努力確保賽門鐵克公司的計(jì)算機(jī)程序有效工作，因?yàn)槭澜绺鞯氐母改付缄P(guān)心色情網(wǎng)站的屏蔽，以免讓孩子接觸到這類網(wǎng)站。由此推斷，家長擔(dān)心孩子受到色情網(wǎng)站的毒害，故選D.選項(xiàng)B的內(nèi)容在文中的確提到，但這并非本段的重點(diǎn)，故不選。
2.A語義題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞wholesome定位第二段。該段提到，網(wǎng)站屏蔽可以保護(hù)孩子，也使家長放心，因?yàn)槟贻p人只能接觸到——網(wǎng)站。上文提到家長關(guān)心一些不良網(wǎng)站的屏蔽，這里能使冢長放心，說明年輕人瀏覽的應(yīng)為內(nèi)容健康的網(wǎng)站，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A(健康的)、B(徹底的)、C(完全的)和D(完美的)可知，正確答案應(yīng)為A.
3.D推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞NIS定位文章第四段。該段首句的“總之”一詞表明是對上段的總結(jié)。即第三段開始對這種新程序進(jìn)行描述：它可以將網(wǎng)站屏蔽系統(tǒng)與防火墻結(jié)合起來，保護(hù)電腦免受黑客、偷窺者和病毒的襲擊，同時(shí)也可防止無意中泄露個(gè)人信息。第四段則總結(jié)：“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警”被設(shè)計(jì)成數(shù)字健康的衛(wèi)士，保護(hù)你的隱私……，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選D.其余三項(xiàng)A(為Symantec公司盈利)文中并未提到，B(允許其他人共享你的個(gè)人資料)與文意相悖。C(阻止你登錄任何可疑的網(wǎng)站)說法過于絕對。
4.c推斷題。由選項(xiàng)可知，本題內(nèi)容涉及NIs program.文章第六段提到，計(jì)算機(jī)用戶還可以用“諾頓防毒”程序的“即時(shí)更新”功能在線刷新“禁入網(wǎng)站”名單，下載新的病毒定義，這些服務(wù)第一年是免費(fèi)的，以后每年付19.95美元，排除A和D.文章之前還提到了該程序的功能：可以屏蔽內(nèi)容不健康的網(wǎng)站，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選C.選項(xiàng)B以偏概全，文中提到包括對病毒定義的升級在內(nèi)，每年要花費(fèi)19.95美元，而不是說僅病毒定義就需要19.95美元。
5.D語義題。文章后提到，系統(tǒng)并非盡善盡美，“花花公子”網(wǎng)站被屏蔽了，但卻沒能屏蔽新西蘭的色情網(wǎng)站，由此推斷，D正確。A(“花花公子”應(yīng)該被包括在禁止網(wǎng)站的名單內(nèi))并非作者說這句話的重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)排除;B(NIS在其他國家根本不奏效)、c(新西蘭所有的網(wǎng)站都應(yīng)該包括在禁止網(wǎng)站的名單內(nèi))兩項(xiàng)過于武斷，應(yīng)排除。 Admittedly， minor accidents and sup-ups continue to shake public confidence in nuclear power.Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries，it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process. However，this argues for exceptional vigilance，regulatory scrutiny and accountability——and not for bans or shut downs.
Those nuclear operators with a good safety record deserve to have their licenses renewed，so that existing plants may run to the end of their useful lives.The Bush administration‘s enthusiastic support goes a lot further than this，however.It also wants to see new plants.Proponents of new nuclear power stations make three arguments in their favor.They will enhance energy security by lessening dependence on fossil fuels;far from being environmentally harmful，they will be beneficial because they will reduce the output of greenhouse gases;and，most crucially，the economics of nuclear power has improved from the days when it was wholly dependent on bail out and subsidy.
Yet these arguments do not stand up to scrutiny.The claim that governments should support nuclear power to reduce their vulnerability to the OPEC oil cartel is doubly absurd.Little oil is used in power generation：what nuclear power displaces is mostly natural gas and coal，which are not only more plentiful than o訂but also geographically better distributed.Security is enhanced not by seeking energy self sufficiency but through diversification of supplies.Creating lots of fissile material that might be pinched by terrorists is an odd way to look for security anyway.What about the argument that climate change might be the great savior of nuclear power? Global warming is indeed a risk that should be taken more seriously than the Bush administration has so far done.Nuclear plants do not produce any carbon dioxide，which is the principal greenhouse gas.However，rushing in response to build dozens of new nuclear plants would be both needlessly expensive and environmentally unsound.It would make far more sense to adopt a carbon tax， which would put clean energy sources such as solar and wind on an equal footing with nuclear，whose waste poses an undeniable(if remote)environmental threat of its own for aeons to come.Governments should also dismantle all subsidies on fossil fuels——especially for coal，the dirtiest of a11.They should adopt reforms that send proper price signals to those who use power，and so reduce emissions.Global warming certainly provides one argument in favor of nuclear power，but it is not sufficient on its own to justify a nuclear renaissance.
1.What's the public‘s opinion about nuclear industry?
[A]People have little confidence in nuclear power for the potential disaster of nuclear accidents.
[B]People think it important to exercise strict monitoring and effective management of the existing plants.
[C]People believe the best way to avoid nuclear disaster is to shut down all the nuclear power stations.
[D]People agree to prohibit the existing nuclear plants from running to the end of their useful lives.
2.The most important reason why the Bush administration support more new nuclear power plants is that—————————
[A] they will increase energy security
[B]they help lessen dependence on fossil fuels
[C]they are environmentally friendly
[D] they need little government financial support
3.According to the author energy security can only be achieved by———————。
[A]using less oil in power generation
[B]replacing fossil fuels with more nuclear power
[C] seeking energy self sufficiency
[D] expanding the sources of power supply
4.According to the passage，which of the following measures is the least helpful in protecting the environment?
[A]Encouraging the use of clean energy sources.
[B]Cutting off subsidies on all fossil fuels.
[C]Adopting price reform to reduce emission.
[D]Promoting the resurgence of nuclear power.
5.It‘s implied that——。
[A]nuclear power stations may become the targets of terrorist attack
[B]the Bush administration doesn‘t give due weight to environment protection
[C]carbon dioxide is the principal source of greenhouse gas
[D]nuclear waste will turn to be all environmental threat in the long-run term
核心詞匯
slip vi.犯錯(cuò)誤，滑倒 scrutiny n.詳細(xì)審查 subsidy n.補(bǔ)助金
pinch vt.偷竊
難句點(diǎn)津
Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries，it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process.
[點(diǎn)津]該句包含一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，句子的主干是It is right that…。第一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的是以
文章翻譯
risks為先行詞的定語從句;第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，其中and連接的是介詞to的并列短語。
不可否認(rèn)，一些小事故和疏忽一直在動(dòng)搖著公眾對核能的信心。就核能具有難以估量的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來說，核工業(yè)應(yīng)該受到公眾意見的考驗(yàn)和適當(dāng)?shù)恼芜M(jìn)程的影響。無論如何，這都要求格外謹(jǐn)慎小心，制定詳細(xì)的審查規(guī)章和責(zé)任制度，而不是下達(dá)禁令或責(zé)令關(guān)閉。
那些具有良好安全記錄的核電站應(yīng)該有權(quán)利續(xù)簽他們的許可證，以便現(xiàn)在的工廠可以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)到有效期結(jié)束。但是，布什政府的熱情支持者要求更多。他們還希望看到新的核電廠。新核電廠的支持者提出了三條有利于自己的意見。他們將通過減少對礦物燃料的依賴來加強(qiáng)能源安全;核電站非但不會(huì)造成環(huán)境危害，而且是非常有益的，因?yàn)樗鼈儨p少了溫室氣體的排放;具決定性的是，核電站的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況已經(jīng)有了改善，那些完全依靠補(bǔ)助和津貼的日子已經(jīng)過去了。
然而這些論證經(jīng)不住仔細(xì)推敲。政府應(yīng)該支持核電站的建設(shè)從而減少對石油輸出國組織的依賴，這種要求是雙重荒謬的。石油很少用于發(fā)電：核能所替代的主要是天然氣和煤炭，而天然氣和煤炭不僅比石油充裕，而且在地理分布上也更合理。能源安全不是通過尋求能源的自足來加強(qiáng)的，而是通過供應(yīng)的多元化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。不管怎么說，制造大量可能會(huì)被恐怖分子偷竊的核燃料是尋求能源安全的蹩腳辦法。那種認(rèn)為氣候變化可能是核能的大救星的觀點(diǎn)又如何呢?全球變暖確實(shí)是一個(gè)需要布什政府更嚴(yán)肅地對待的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。核電站不制造任何作為主要溫室氣體的二氧化碳。但是，對此作出倉促回應(yīng)，建立許多新的核電站，不僅是不必要的花費(fèi)，對環(huán)境來說也是不安全的。采取一種對碳燃料進(jìn)行征稅的辦法，會(huì)將清潔的能源如太陽能和風(fēng)能放到與核能(其廢料將對未來造成不可否認(rèn)的環(huán)境威脅)同樣重要的地位，這將會(huì)更有意義。政府也應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除所有對礦物燃料的補(bǔ)助——尤其是煤炭這種臟的燃料。他們應(yīng)當(dāng)采取一些改革措施，將適當(dāng)?shù)膬r(jià)格信號發(fā)送到使用此燃料者那里，從而減小排放量。全球變暖確實(shí)為核能的使用提供了有利的論據(jù)，但它自己并不足以證明核能應(yīng)用的復(fù)興是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?BR> 答案解析
1.B推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞public‘s opinion定位文章第一段。該段著重描述了大眾對核電技術(shù)的種種憂慮和看法，群眾所要求的并非禁止或關(guān)閉所有核電站，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)“高度警惕”以及“定期檢查評估”，對于運(yùn)行安全的核反應(yīng)堆可以續(xù)發(fā)執(zhí)照，以便充分利用現(xiàn)有的核電資源，故正確答案為B.其余選項(xiàng)A(由于核事故的潛在危險(xiǎn)，人們對核能幾乎沒有信心)與文中的shake public con6dence(動(dòng)搖公眾的信心)不相符，C(人們認(rèn)為避免核災(zāi)難好的方法是關(guān)閉所有的核電站)和D(人們同意禁止現(xiàn)有的核電廠運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)到有效期結(jié)束)與文意相悖，故錯(cuò)誤。
2.D細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞But administration定位第二段。該段列舉了布什政府支持建設(shè)更多核電站的三個(gè)主要原因。在提到第三個(gè)原因時(shí)，用了most crucially(具決定性的)，表明現(xiàn)任政府支持核電發(fā)展主要的原因是核電站的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營已不再完全依賴政府的財(cái)政援助，故答案應(yīng)為D.
3.D細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞energy security時(shí)定位文章第三段。該段著重探討了核電的發(fā)展是否有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)能源安全的問題。該段中有幾處關(guān)鍵信息表明作者認(rèn)為：能源安全不是通過尋求能源的自足來加強(qiáng)的，而是通過供應(yīng)的多元化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由此可以排除選項(xiàng)c，確定D項(xiàng)為答案。
4.D推斷題。后一段中作者提出了幾點(diǎn)有助于環(huán)保的建議：推廣使用清潔能源，取消政府對化石燃料的補(bǔ)貼，以及通過價(jià)格改革控制廢氣排放;在后重申全球氣候變暖不足以成為大規(guī)模發(fā)展核電的理由，綜合推斷可知選項(xiàng)D正確。
5.B推斷題。在第三段中作者借Global warming is indeed a risk t11at should be taken more seriously than the Bush administration has so far done含蓄批評了布什政府的環(huán)境政策，因此選項(xiàng)B正確。而選項(xiàng)A、c、D所涉及的內(nèi)容，作者在文章中直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃U述了，故不合題意。 The introduction of non-indigenous“exotic”species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity.In 1825，a particularly vigorous female clone of itadori (called Japanese knotweed)was introduced into Holland and later distributed throughout Europe by the plant collector and nurseryman，Von Seibold.British gardeners loved it and by 1 886 it was even found growing on cinder tips in South Wales.By the turn of the century，the plant had colonized many other sites，and gardeners were advised against planting it in shrubberies.By 1 994，it was almost everywhere——railways，riversides，hedgerows，cemeteries-swamping a wide range of habitats and displacing rare species.Botanists‘ fears that the plant is still spreading and may yet colonize other new habitats have generated recent attempts to eradicate it bymechanical and chemical methods，all in vain as yet.
The evidence stacked against Japanese knotweed is damning.But there is a deep anxiety that behind the desire to correct human ecological cook—ups——often manifest as a passion to save endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems——is a thinly disguised xenophobia;that we are simply seeing yet another form of ecological imperialism which defines what is“natural”based on human preferences.
But whatever our reaction to“problem‘’or alien species is，it must involve moral decisions.And who should make such decisions and to what degree they are accountable must also be up for review.The conclusions of scientists and other sections of society may differ vastly about what to do about the introduced animals and plants that have become a common feature of everyday life.For example，the scheme to control rabbits in Australia by deliberately spreading the disease myxomatosis was a success in that huge numbers of rabbits were wiped out for the greater good——the”health“of Australian ecosystems.But would inflicting such a horrifically slow agonizing death on sentient creatures win popular support if it were proposed today?
Scientists of biodiversity are by their very nature concerned with the organization of species into systems and not necessarily with the interests and well-being of individual，particularly those that are seen as a threat to the maintenance of those systems.Yet there is a growing feeling for the democratization of decisions concerning nonhuman life.The movement towards environmental values must surely involve a movement away from imperialism and a search for a relationship with nature as it truly is，rather than aswe would design it.Then，when Our lawns have long disappeared，we may yet come to honor the humble dandelion.
1. Botanists have generated attempts to remove the Japanese knotweed because———
[A]it threatens the local biodiversity
[B]it is regarded as exotic
[C]it's SO vigorous as to spread everywhere
[D]it checks other plants growth
2. 111 the author's opinion.the attempt to eradicate the Japanese knotweed__.
[A] is worthy of praises
[B]reflects people‘s desire to protect ecological biodiversity
[C]shows people‘s passion to say endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems
[D]is biased by human preferences
3. what does the Word“xenophobia”(Line 3，Para.2)mean?
[A]The ecological disorders.
[B]The passion to save the endangered ecosystem.
[C]The ecological imperialism.
[D]The fear for alien species.
4. As for what to do about alien species，the author thinks——。
[A]who should make such decisions is open to doubt
[B]the decisions should be based on scientists‘conclusions
[C]decision making should involve more people other than scientists
[D]it's morally unacceptable to eradicate all alien species
5. According to the text，which of the following is true?
[A]To eliminate alien species for the sake of the indigenous ones is acceptable.
[B]Human‘s efforts to correct ecological disorders are actually based on ecological study.
[C]People‘s attitudes towards alien species involve moral considerations.
[D]Human have to design nature to protect biodiversity.
核心詞匯
species n.種類 clone n.無性繁殖 hedgerows n.灌木樹籬
cemetery n.墓地 vain n.徒勞 manifest v.表明
sectionn n.部分，界 humble口巧。卑微的 dandelion n.蒲公英
文章翻譯
非本上的外來物種的傳入現(xiàn)在被視為是對生物多樣性的一個(gè)主要威脅。1825年，一種具有相當(dāng)旺盛生命力的itadori(稱為虎杖)雌性克隆植物被引進(jìn)荷蘭，并隨后由植物收藏家和園丁Von Seibold推廣到全歐洲。英國的園丁們很喜歡它，到1886年在南威爾士甚至都能看到它們長在煤渣上。到20世紀(jì)初，這種植物已經(jīng)侵占了其他一些地方，園丁們被告知不要把它種在灌木林里。到1994年，這種植物幾乎到處都是——鐵道、河岸、灌木籬墻、公墓，覆蓋了很大一片地方，并取代了一些稀有品種。植物學(xué)家們擔(dān)心這種植物還會(huì)不斷繁殖并可能搶占新的生存空間。這種憂慮促使人們用機(jī)械和化學(xué)的方法來嘗試根除它，但至今為止仍徒勞無功。
不利于虎杖的依據(jù)是確定無疑的，但還存在一層更深的憂慮。那就是在糾正人類給生態(tài)帶來的災(zāi)禍的愿望背后——通常表現(xiàn)為一種挽救瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物和脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的激情——是一種未經(jīng)多少掩飾的仇外情結(jié)。那憂慮還在于我們看到了另一種生態(tài)帝國主義，以人類的喜好來決定什么是“自然的”。
但是無論我們對“問題”或外來物種的反應(yīng)如何，它都必須包含道德的決定。誰應(yīng)該做這樣的決定以及他們對這樣的問題應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的程度也必須被重新認(rèn)識(shí)。科學(xué)家和其他社會(huì)部門的結(jié)論的不同可能很大部分在于如何對待已經(jīng)成為日常生活共同特色的外來的動(dòng)植物。例如，澳大利亞通過故意散布多發(fā)黏液瘤病來控制兔子的數(shù)量并取得了成功。大量的兔子為了更大的利益——澳大利亞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的“健康”——而被消滅。但是如果在當(dāng)今這種造成反應(yīng)靈敏的生物如此恐怖地、緩慢痛苦地死亡的提議再被提出來的話，它還會(huì)得到人們廣泛的贊同嗎?
從事生物多樣性研究的科學(xué)家本質(zhì)上是關(guān)心作為一種系統(tǒng)存在的物種的，而并不關(guān)心單個(gè)生物的利益和生存狀態(tài)，特別是那些被視為對維護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成威脅的生物。但現(xiàn)在存在一種漸長的情緒要求對非人類生物所做的決定的民主化。爭取環(huán)境價(jià)值的運(yùn)動(dòng)必須確實(shí)包含遠(yuǎn)離帝國主義的運(yùn)動(dòng)以及對人與自然關(guān)系的探索，這種關(guān)系是真實(shí)存在的而不是由人類自己設(shè)計(jì)出來的。于是，當(dāng)我們大片大片的草地消失的時(shí)候，我們才可能來尊敬卑賤的蒲公英。
答案解析
1. A 推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞BotanisE和the Japanese kmotweed定位文章第一段。該段首句講到外來物種對生物多樣性造成了威脅，接著以虎杖為例來支持這一論點(diǎn)，指出這一物種占領(lǐng)了很大一片地方，并取代了一些稀有品種，由此可推知，鏟除虎杖的原因就是它威脅了生物多樣性，正確答案為A.
2. D 態(tài)度題。第一段討論了人們普遍接受的一種觀點(diǎn)，并以鏟除虎杖的嘗試為例來支持這種觀點(diǎn)，第二段提出了由這一事例引發(fā)的思考和作者自己的看法——虎杖的命運(yùn)反映了人們?yōu)榫S護(hù)本地生物多樣性而表現(xiàn)出的一種排外心理，即人們按照自己的喜好來維護(hù)那些所謂“自然”的東西，故選D.其余選項(xiàng)A(值得稱道)，由文中的invalid(徒勞)可知作者并不看好這種做法。B(反映了人們保護(hù)生態(tài)多樣性的愿望)和c(展示了人們保護(hù)瀕危物種和脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的熱情)均非作者的想法。
3. D 語義題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞xenophobia定位第二段。該段中被考查詞xenophobia的前后句都是對其的解釋。主要內(nèi)容是：人們表現(xiàn)出的為挽救脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的激情，是一種未經(jīng)多少掩飾的xenophobia情結(jié)，那憂慮還在于我們看到了另一種生態(tài)帝國主義。結(jié)合上文我們知道，這種植物是外來的，當(dāng)其發(fā)展影響到本土的植物時(shí)人們就嘗試根除它，由此可推測xenophobia意為“排外主義，仇外”，故選D.
4. C 推斷題。作者在第三、四段中就如何對待外來物種提出了自己的看法：在第三段中指出由誰作出決定，以及他們對此問題應(yīng)負(fù)多大責(zé)任，都是值得商榷的問題;第四段中更加明確地提出決策民主化的觀點(diǎn)，綜合推斷可知正確答案為C.其余三項(xiàng)A(由誰來做這樣的決定仍有待商榷)沒有C全面，B(這些決定應(yīng)該以科學(xué)家的結(jié)論為基礎(chǔ))與文意相悖，D(鏟除所有外來物種在道德上是無法接受的)說法過于絕對。
5. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題可從選項(xiàng)入手，A(為了本土物種而鏟除外來物種是可以接受的)與文中提到的生態(tài)帝國主義和考慮道德因素相悖，可排除;B(人們糾正生態(tài)混亂的種種努力實(shí)際上都以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)研究為基礎(chǔ))文章并未提到，可排除;C(人們對外來物種的態(tài)度涉及道德因素)符合文意，故為答案;文章結(jié)尾處指出，人們在探索環(huán)境價(jià)值的過程中應(yīng)該積極地探索與大自然的關(guān)系，而不是憑著人類的喜好去設(shè)計(jì)自然，故D錯(cuò)誤。 Is this happening in your neighborhood? Children，notebook computers stuck under their arms，await the yellow bus for the trip to middle schoo1.On the surface，the question of computers in schools is a no-brainer.It would be strange to insist that today‘s technology shouldn’t be used to make the classroom experience more individualized，more effective，more immediate，more exciting.Computers have been in schools more than 20 years—and probably even done some good.
But the idea of a personal computer as a necessary daily tool for every American grammar school pupil is altogether a different thing.Beware the superficially attractive vision of 10-year-olds doing most of their work—and homework—on a computer.It‘s another illusory silver bullet that promises to solve a11 of society’s ills through technology.Regardless of whether parents or taxpayers buy the machinery，it‘s a bad policy.
Determining the proper role of computers in schools is too important to be left to computer suppliers and educators.An educated public with clear and realistic expectations needs to help determine the right track for technology.
Educators forever seem to seek the ultimate in curricular or teaching tools.They are always preoccupied with innovation—junior high school，new math，whole language，open classrooms and mastery learning，to name a few.Some ideas turned out well and over time have earned permanent positions in our education systems.Others reflected change for change‘s sake and wound up in the trash bin，Where they belong.
Exactly what is to be solved with computers in schools? Are we looking to improve instructional capacity and flexibility? Are we trying to make teachers and aides more productive by letting students take advantage of programmed learning tools? This all sounds good，and much has been accomplished with computer assisted instruction.
But that‘s not the same as making the computer a symbol of well-tempered educational policy.There’s danger in the message that a child is not fully educated if he or she can‘t surf the World Wide Web skillfully，move around in Windows or the Finder，use a word processing program，or program in Logo or Basic.
These skills can be learned outside the classroom.Worse，the time it takes students to acquire them is time stolen from the legitimate teaching schedule—and that‘s a bad trade.
And what kind of computers should be purchased? We‘re not talking brand names.Most school systems don’t have the money to replace PCs or Macs on the two-to three-year cycle that shifting technologies demand.On the other hand，$ 2，500一the cost of just one computer—invested in books for the school library produces an asset that has，shall we say，a longer shelf life.
And who changes the factory culture of schoolrooms to allow computers to be more effective? And who teaches the teachers? These are the really tough issues—the ones that more hardware won‘t solve.
Children are best served when schools contribute to shaping the solid foundations on which their future will be built.The student who can read with curiosity and understanding，who has mastered basic mathematical concepts，who can evaluate ideas critically，is the one schools should aim to produce.
1. According to the author，teaching computer in the school classroom is bad practice because____.
[A]the computer is too expensive a luxury for school pupils
[B]the pupils are not intelligently mature enough to master the skills
[C]it takes too much time which might has been spent on regular courses
[D]the pupils can learn nothing from computer assisted instruction
2. A“no-brainer”in the third sentence of the first paragraph probably means____.
[A]something that is taken for granted
[B]an idea that is brainless and foolish
[C]a proposal that is not worthy of serious consideration
[D]a machine that can never take the place of human brain
3. Who can determine the proper role of computers in schools?
[A]Computer suppliers. [B]Computer educators
[C]The educated public. [D]All of the above.
4. In the last paragraph the author implies that____.
[A]computer skills contribute nothing to proper education
[B]computer teaching is an indispensable part of education
[C]the fundamental purpose of education is being ignored
[D]teachers should be taught how to teach computer skills
5. The author‘s attitude towards the present way of teaching computer in schools is____.
[A]critical [B]objective
[C]positive [D]optimistic
參考答案：
1. [C]意為：它占用了太多的時(shí)間，而這些時(shí)間本來可以用于正常課程。 參閱第七段和后一段。
2. [A] 根據(jù)下一句的意思，該詞應(yīng)理解為“無須思考的問題”。
3. [D] 第三段指出，決定計(jì)算機(jī)在學(xué)校中應(yīng)該起什么作用是一件重要的事，不能僅交由計(jì)算機(jī)供應(yīng)商和教育工作者來定，公眾也應(yīng)該有發(fā)言權(quán)。
4. [C] 后一段指出，學(xué)校的根本任務(wù)是為學(xué)生的未來打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，學(xué)校旨在培養(yǎng)的學(xué)生應(yīng)是具有好奇心和理解力，能掌握數(shù)學(xué)基本概念。并能對現(xiàn)存的一些觀念進(jìn)行獨(dú)立評價(jià)。言外之意，由于盲目地進(jìn)行計(jì)算機(jī)教育，這些基礎(chǔ)容易被忽視。
5. [A]意為：批評的。 文章從第二段起就開始對目前的計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)提出了批評，并在后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)指出它對培養(yǎng)學(xué)生基本能力的不良影響。 I love e-mail.Evidently，so do most other journalists.E-mail use has tripled during the past five years among some journalists.I know because I am part of a research team that surveyed 360 journalists last year to determine how they use e-mail.Our survey results show that e-mail use among respondents expanded dramatically from only 18%in 1994 to 80%in 1999.Instead of sending about eight messages a day，each of those journalists was sending 30.
And these same journalists said they are using e-mail for everything from locating sources to conducting online interviews.Such evidence indicates that for many journalists e-mail has created a virtual world in which they can transcend time and space.A journalist in California，for example，taps out her questions at l：30 p.m.，and sends them to London，where it‘s 9：30 p.m……It is better than getting up at 3 a.m.to do a telephone interview with a scientist in Switzerland.
In today‘s wired world，reporters are discovering that people who won’t respond to phone calls，often will respond quickly to e-mails.A colleague and I are now in the process of conducting follow-up interviews with a selected group of journalists who participated in our 1999 survey.Those interviewed so far all agreed that e-mail is changing the way journalists work.As one reporter for a major Southwestern daily said，“Now you can send out half a dozen e-mails and usually most of them will be returned within the next day.It has opened up a better，faster way to communicate that didn't exist before.It used to be that you could only communicate with people basically during working hours.But now you can send an e-mail in the middle of the night and get your answer in the morning.”
Other advantages of e-interviews：You don‘t have to transcribe a tape or decipher your notes.And when a source complains about a quote，all you have to do is send over a transcript of your e-mail message to verify its accuracy.
Although these journalists are crazy about the e-interview，they also admit it has its limitations.“You have to use judgment to decide when an e-mail interview is as good as a voice interview，”one said .And I agree，as long as we treat e-mail as one of many journalistic tools，we‘ll be fine.But，for most stories，you simply must drag yourself away from your keyboard.E-interviews are also good for closed-ended questions，such as：How many employees did your company lay off last year? But during an e-interview，you can’t see the pain on the face of the CEO who just fired 2，000 people.
1. E-mail use among some journalists has tripled during the past five years because____.
[A]it is more convenient and quicker
[B]it is particularly useful for Journalists
[C]it saves money for journalists in conducting international interviews
[D]journalists send out more messages than before
2. A“wired world”(the first sentence in the third paragraph)is one____.
[A]in which the dominant means of communication is the e-mail
[B]which is connected by various communication media
[C]in which telephone interview has replaced face-to-face interview
[D]in which the telephone is a dominant means of communication
3. Another advantage of e-mail over other kinds of communication is that____.
[A]it is more reliable and trustworthy
[B]it is more likely to be responded to
[C]it is more direct than face-to-face communication
[D]it irons out the embarrassment which may be provoked otherwise
4. One of the limitations of e-interview is that____.
[A]it is limited in time and space
[B]the interviewers send much useless information
[C]the interviewers have to dispense with body language
[D]the interviewers have to compare the e-mail message with their notes later
5. The passage is mainly concerned with____.
[A]the advantages of e-interviews over traditional interviews
[B]the limitations with the e-interview
[C]the changes brought to journalists by e-mail
[D]the importance of e-mail communication to journalists
參考答案：
1. [A] 第二段第二句指出，對許多記者來說，電子郵件開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)能使得他們超越時(shí)空的虛擬世界。
2. [B] wire此處作動(dòng)詞，意思是“用電線連接”，因此，這里應(yīng)該不限于電話或電子郵件，而是指包括電話和電子郵件等在內(nèi)的通訊手段。
3. [B] 參閱第三段第一句，該句是該段的主題句。 [D]的意思是：它可以消除(不使用它時(shí))可能引起的尷尬局面。
4. [C] 意為：采訪者看不到(被采訪者的)身體語言。 參閱后一段后一句。
5. [C] 本文第二段第二句實(shí)際上表達(dá)了本文的主旨。本文第二、三、四段提到了電子郵件的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，后一段提到了其局限性。就本文而言，所謂優(yōu)點(diǎn)實(shí)際上談的是電子郵件在哪些方面改變了記者的工作方式。 I love e-mail.Evidently，so do most other journalists.E-mail use has tripled during the past five years among some journalists.I know because I am part of a research team that surveyed 360 journalists last year to determine how they use e-mail.Our survey results show that e-mail use among respondents expanded dramatically from only 18%in 1994 to 80%in 1999.Instead of sending about eight messages a day，each of those journalists was sending 30.
And these same journalists said they are using e-mail for everything from locating sources to conducting online interviews.Such evidence indicates that for many journalists e-mail has created a virtual world in which they can transcend time and space.A journalist in California，for example，taps out her questions at l：30 p.m.，and sends them to London，where it‘s 9：30 p.m……It is better than getting up at 3 a.m.to do a telephone interview with a scientist in Switzerland.
In today‘s wired world，reporters are discovering that people who won’t respond to phone calls，often will respond quickly to e-mails.A colleague and I are now in the process of conducting follow-up interviews with a selected group of journalists who participated in our 1999 survey.Those interviewed so far all agreed that e-mail is changing the way journalists work.As one reporter for a major Southwestern daily said，“Now you can send out half a dozen e-mails and usually most of them will be returned within the next day.It has opened up a better，faster way to communicate that didn't exist before.It used to be that you could only communicate with people basically during working hours.But now you can send an e-mail in the middle of the night and get your answer in the morning.”
Other advantages of e-interviews：You don‘t have to transcribe a tape or decipher your notes.And when a source complains about a quote，all you have to do is send over a transcript of your e-mail message to verify its accuracy.
Although these journalists are crazy about the e-interview，they also admit it has its limitations.“You have to use judgment to decide when an e-mail interview is as good as a voice interview，”one said .And I agree，as long as we treat e-mail as one of many journalistic tools，we‘ll be fine.But，for most stories，you simply must drag yourself away from your keyboard.E-interviews are also good for closed-ended questions，such as：How many employees did your company lay off last year? But during an e-interview，you can’t see the pain on the face of the CEO who just fired 2，000 people.
1. E-mail use among some journalists has tripled during the past five years because____.
[A]it is more convenient and quicker
[B]it is particularly useful for Journalists
[C]it saves money for journalists in conducting international interviews
[D]journalists send out more messages than before
2. A“wired world”(the first sentence in the third paragraph)is one____.
[A]in which the dominant means of communication is the e-mail
[B]which is connected by various communication media
[C]in which telephone interview has replaced face-to-face interview
[D]in which the telephone is a dominant means of communication
3. Another advantage of e-mail over other kinds of communication is that____.
[A]it is more reliable and trustworthy
[B]it is more likely to be responded to
[C]it is more direct than face-to-face communication
[D]it irons out the embarrassment which may be provoked otherwise
4. One of the limitations of e-interview is that____.
[A]it is limited in time and space
[B]the interviewers send much useless information
[C]the interviewers have to dispense with body language
[D]the interviewers have to compare the e-mail message with their notes later
5. The passage is mainly concerned with____.
[A]the advantages of e-interviews over traditional interviews
[B]the limitations with the e-interview
[C]the changes brought to journalists by e-mail
[D]the importance of e-mail communication to journalists
參考答案：
1. [A] 第二段第二句指出，對許多記者來說，電子郵件開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)能使得他們超越時(shí)空的虛擬世界。
2. [B] wire此處作動(dòng)詞，意思是“用電線連接”，因此，這里應(yīng)該不限于電話或電子郵件，而是指包括電話和電子郵件等在內(nèi)的通訊手段。
3. [B] 參閱第三段第一句，該句是該段的主題句。 [D]的意思是：它可以消除(不使用它時(shí))可能引起的尷尬局面。
4. [C] 意為：采訪者看不到(被采訪者的)身體語言。 參閱后一段后一句。
5. [C] 本文第二段第二句實(shí)際上表達(dá)了本文的主旨。本文第二、三、四段提到了電子郵件的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，后一段提到了其局限性。就本文而言，所謂優(yōu)點(diǎn)實(shí)際上談的是電子郵件在哪些方面改變了記者的工作方式。 Tropical rainforests cover over an area of nearly 3 billion acres，or about 8.3 percent of the Earth‘s total 1and surface.These remarkable forests are shared by some 50 countries on five continents.Biologists believe that rainforests are the home of perhaps half the world’s biotic species，about five-sixths of which have not yet been described and named.
Throughout most of history，rainforests were considered to be remote，inaccessible，and unpleasant places，and as a result they were 1ittle affected by human activities.In the present century，however，rainforests have been exploited and ruined at a quickening pace，and in the last decade or so，tropical deforestation has become one of the Earth‘s most serious environmental problems.The rate of deforestation is spectacular—51 acres per minute;74，000 acres per day;27 million acres per year.More than half of the original African rainforest is now gone;about 45 percent of Asia’s rainforest no longer exists;the proportion in Latin America is approaching 40 percent.
As the forest goes，so goes its animal life.In the mid-1980s it was calculated that tropical deforestation was responsible for the extinction of one species per day;by 1990 it was estimated that the rate was one species per hour.
Moreover，loss of the forests contributes to increased soil erosion，drought，flooding，worsening water quality，declining agricultural productivity，and greater poverty for rural inhabitants.In addition，atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to be increased because there are fewer trees to absorb it and because burning of trees for forest clearing releases more to the air.
The irony of tropical deforestation is that the anticipated economic benefits are usually illusory.Much of the forest clearing，especially in Latin America，is in response to the social pressure of overcrowding and poverty in societies where most of the people are landless.The governments open up“new lands”for settlement in the rainforest.The settlers clear the land for crop growing or livestock raising.The result almost always is an initial one or two years of high soil productivity，followed by poor years as fertility declines and the soil begins to suffer from erosion.
The forests，of course，are renewable.If left alone by humans，they can regenerate，as long as there are seed trees in the neighborhood and the soil has not lost all its nutrients.The loss of biotic diversity，however，is much more serious.Extinction is an irrecoverable process.Valuable potential resources may disappear before they are even discovered.Natural genotypes that could be combined with agricultural crops or animals to resist disease，insects，parasites，and other environmental stresses may also be lost.Last，but not least，is the possibility that many small，isolated valuable groups of native people may be wiped out.
Much concern has been expressed about tropical deforestation，and some concrete steps have been taken.The development of agroforestry (planting crops with trees，rather than cutting down the trees and replacing them with crops) is being fostered in many areas.In Brazil，which has by far the largest expanse of rainforest，some 46，000 square miles of reserves have been set aside，and Brazilian law requires that any development in the Amazon region leave half of the land in its natural state.In 1985 a comprehensive world plan，sponsored by the World Bank，the World Resources Institute，and the United Nations Development Programme，was introduced.It proposes concrete，country-by-country strategies to combat tropical deforestation.It is an $ 8 billion，five-year project，dealing with everything concerning the protection of rainforests.
Meanwhile，the sounds of the axe and the chain-saw and the bulldozer continue to be heard throughout the tropical forest lands.
1. In the past，rainforests were nearly left intact because____.
[A]people then had a better sense of environmental protection
[B]people then knew better how to protect them
[C]people then looked at rainforests in some awe
[D]people then did not know how to exploit them
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of deforestation?
[A]Loss of species diversity.
[B]Increased poverty for the concerned countries.
[C]Increased atmospheric pollution.
[D]Loss of culture diversity.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that forest destruction mainly results from____.
[A]people‘s desire to meet their economic needs
[B]people‘s ignorance of the importance of forests to biotic species
[C]people‘s need to burn fuel to warm their houses
[D]people‘s desire to open up more farmland
4. People‘s attempt to clear the forest to open up new lands often has the result of____.
[A]leaving even more people homeless
[B]expanding settlement but destroying the land
[C]finding more land for landless people to cultivate
[D]renewing the forest at a slower pace
5. The tone of the author‘s conclusion seems to be ____.
[A]optimistic [B]objective
[C]concerned [D]tolerant
參考答案：
1. [C] 意為：人們當(dāng)時(shí)用敬畏的眼光看待熱帶雨林。參閱第二段第一句。
2. [B] 意為：使相關(guān)國家更貧困。第四段第一句只提到了給農(nóng)村居民(rural inhabitants)帶來的貧困狀況。有關(guān)[A]參閱第三段和第六段，有關(guān)[C]參閱第四段第二句，有關(guān)[D]參閱第六段后一句。
3. [A] 參閱第五段第一、二、三、四句。相比較而言，[D]表達(dá)的意思則有些片面。
4. [B] 意為：擴(kuò)展了定居點(diǎn)，但毀壞了土地。參閱第五段。
5. [C] 意為：關(guān)注。參閱后一段。 Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.
The situation is the same or worse in most other parts of the world.It is estimated that about 20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species are in danger.Most of these plants are in the tropical rainforests that are being cut down，and many have not even been identified yet.
Why is extinction threatening so many U.S.species? The main reason is the destruction of habitats.This destruction is caused，especially in the Eastern United States，by land development，such as the construction of shopping centers and housing tracts.In the Western states，the poor management of public lands has been a critical factor.There，many habitats have been destroyed by the spread of exotic plant species.1)For example， June grass， which was introduced from Europe in the late 1800s， has invaded hundreds of square kilometers of Western lands，pushing out some native species of grass that are less able to compete for the usually scarce moisture.
Public indifference has also contributed to the problem.2) Americans have rallied to the cause of endangered animals such as whooping cranes and African elephants，but they seem unconcerned about endangered plants.Perhaps they consider wild animals to be public property，but plants are the property of the owner of the land on which they grow.
The consequences of habitat destruction are often most serious in the tropics and subtropics.Those regions have a much greater number of plant species than are found in cooler climates.And many species grow in only a small area，increasing the probability of their being wiped out.It is not surprising，therefore，that nearly 75 percent of the 680 species on the most-endangered list are located in just three states and Puerto Rico.Hawaii has 21 percent;Texas，12.2 percent;Florida，10.6 percent;and Puerto Rico，10.1 percent.But nearly all of the 50 states have at least a few native plants that are among those facing extinction.
Saving endangered plants is important for several reasons.Among those plants，there may be some that produce substances that could be of value in making medicines.Others might possess genetic traits that could be used to improve crop plants.We might also find that some plants are worth growing for their own sake—as food or perhaps for the oil in their seeds.But beyond such practical applications，there is a sense of loss when any species—a plant as much as an animal—disappears from the face of the Earth forever.
1. In another decade，it is estimated that____.
[A]more than 10 percent of the native plants in the United States may die out
[B]approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States will be extinct
[C]20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species will be extinct
[D]20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species may become extinct
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of plant species extinction?
[A]Careless introduction of foreign plant species.
[B]Over-development of 1and for commercial use.
[C]Public ignorance of the present situation.
[D]Inappropriate governmental land protection policies.
3. In what way are the public indifferent to the present situation?
[A]They are still unaware of the cause of land destruction.
[B]They pay too much attention to endangered animals.
[C]They do not give due attention to saving endangered plants.
[D]They are selfish enough to protect only their own properties.
4. Plant species in the tropics and subtropics are most vulnerable in that____.
[A]a greater number of plant species are found there than in cooler regions
[B]many plant species grow in only a small area in these regions
[C]these regions frequently become the first targets of deforestation
[D]countries within these regions have a worse sense of environmental protection
5. All of the following are practical considerations for protecting plant species EXCEPT____.
[A]medicinal use of plant species
[B]utilizing their genetic traits to develop better plant species
[C]a sense of loss that some species disappear even before they are identified
[D]production of food and oil for the dinner table out of them
參考答案：
1. [A] 參閱第一段，這句話的意思是：在展望10年后的情況時(shí)植物學(xué)家們預(yù)計(jì)，在不久的將來，3 000種植物——占美國近25 000種植物的10%以上——將可能滅絕。[D]不對，第二段第二句只提到了這些植物受到了(滅絕的)威脅，而不是將會(huì)滅絕。
2. [D] 第三段第四句雖然提到了公地管理不善是造成植物生長地遭破壞的根本原因，但是，這里并未提到是政策本身不好，還是政策執(zhí)行得不好。有關(guān)[A]參閱第三段第五、六句，第五句中exotic意為“外(國)來的”。有關(guān)[B]參閱第四段第二句。有關(guān)[C]參閱第四段：該段批評美國人對保護(hù)動(dòng)物非常熱心，但對瀕臨滅絕的植物似乎漠不關(guān)心。在作者看來，其中的原因是他們認(rèn)為野生動(dòng)物是公共財(cái)產(chǎn)，而植物是土地所有者的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)。
3. [C] 參閱第2題題解。
4. [B] 參閱第五段第三句。
5. [C] 意為：當(dāng)意識(shí)到有些物種甚至還沒來得及被鑒別出就消失了時(shí)而產(chǎn)生的一種失落感。參閱后一段后一句，請注意本句中的beyond such practical applications.有關(guān)[A]參閱后一段第二句;有關(guān)[B]參閱后一段第三句，這句的意思指借鑒其他植物的基因特性并利用基因工程的方法來改進(jìn)作物。有關(guān)[D]參閱后一段第四句。
Of course， many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided， but vacant， land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation： urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes， particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated， did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
[A] Types of mass transportation.
[B] Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
[B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
3. According to the passage， what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
[A] It was expensive.
[B] It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
4. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city，
[A] that is large.
[B] that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.
Vocabulary
1. revise 改變
2. fabric 結(jié)構(gòu)
3. catalyze 催化，加速
4. sort out 把……分門別類，揀選
5. omnibus 公共汽車/馬車
6. trolley (美)有軌電車，(英)無軌電車
7. periphery 周圍，邊緣
8. sprawl 建筑物無計(jì)劃延伸，蔓延，四面八方散開
9. lot 小片土地
10. underscore 強(qiáng)調(diào)，在下面劃橫線
11. transit lines 運(yùn)輸線路
12. subdivision (出售的)小塊土地，再劃分小區(qū)
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論述了“公共交通從三方面改變了城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)?！辈捎梅诸悓懛?。文章一開始就提出三方面：第一，促進(jìn)城市實(shí)質(zhì)性的擴(kuò)展;第二，把人和土地分民別類加以利用;第三，加速了城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。然后就是三方面的具體內(nèi)容。
答案詳解
1.D 公共交通運(yùn)輸對城市擴(kuò)展的影響。文章開門見山提出這一點(diǎn)“公共交通運(yùn)輸從三個(gè)根本方面改變了美國城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)?！焙竺嫖恼聝?nèi)容就是三方面的具體化。
A. 公共交通運(yùn)輸類型。 B. 城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。 C. 供需如何決定土地利用。這三項(xiàng)文中作為具體問題提到，并不是文章涉及的主要題目。
2.C 說明公共交通改變了許多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“舉例說，1850年，波士頓市界離老的商業(yè)地區(qū)幾乎不到2英里，到了這世紀(jì)末，其半徑擴(kuò)至10英里?，F(xiàn)在供得起的人們可以住得很遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離老的城市中心，仍然來回去那里上班、購物和娛樂”。第七句，“舉例說，在1890至1920年期間，據(jù)記載，芝加哥市界內(nèi)有約250，000個(gè)新的住宅樓區(qū)大多數(shù)設(shè)在郊區(qū)。經(jīng)過同樣這段時(shí)期，市區(qū)外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地區(qū)內(nèi)，又計(jì)劃建造了550，000個(gè)住宅樓區(qū)?！?BR> A. 表示成長的正反兩方面效果。B. 舉有無公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)某鞘袨槔?D. 對比兩者成長率;都不是本文中舉兩城市例子的目的。
3.C 沒有計(jì)劃。見第二段第三句起“城市擴(kuò)展蔓延根本無計(jì)劃，好幾千個(gè)小的投資商進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，毫不考慮相互協(xié)調(diào)配合利用土地，也不考慮未來土地利用?！?BR> A. 太貴 和 B.太慢，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，文內(nèi)沒有提。D. 它創(chuàng)造了對公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨?。這不是住宅擴(kuò)展的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，而是三個(gè)根本改變城市的一個(gè)方面。見第一段第三句：“通過大量開發(fā)未占土地?cái)U(kuò)建住宅，公共汽車、馬車、鐵路、來回火車，有軌電車把已有人定居的居住區(qū)向外擴(kuò)展了三四倍，比他們先現(xiàn)代時(shí)期的市中心更遠(yuǎn)?！?BR> 4.C(第二段中以芝加哥城市例子說明)土地開發(fā)超過人口增長速度。答案詳見第二段“這些購買和置備土地建設(shè)住宅，特別是購置臨近城市或就在市界外的土地，搶在交通線路和中產(chǎn)階層的居民進(jìn)去之前。他們這樣做的目的是創(chuàng)造一種需求，也是響應(yīng)這種需求。芝加哥就是這種過程的典型例子。那里的房地產(chǎn)小塊土地比人口增長快得很多很多。”
A. 城市大。B. 用作土地開發(fā)的樣板。 D. 具有優(yōu)越的公共的交通系統(tǒng)。 The stone age， The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science —— once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture： from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth， the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics， glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers‘ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics， for example， have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it， scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges， ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars， touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter， which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape， has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example， gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides， composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat： a helmet saved an infantryman‘s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult， for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five
2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.
3. Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A] It lies in research.
[B] It lies in investment.
[C] It lies in innovation.
[D] It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1. superstuff 超級材料
2. superconducting ceramic 超導(dǎo)陶瓷
3. exotic 神奇的
4. shape 塑造，成型
5. brittleness 脆性
6. polymer 聚合體
7. karate jacket 空手道外衣
8. touch sensor 觸及傳感器
9. each punch and chop 每一個(gè)擊、打
10. blot 玷污，損害風(fēng)景的東西
11. tinker 修補(bǔ)，調(diào)整
12. amendable 服從于，遵循的
13. biodegradable 能生物遞減分解的
14. six-pack rings 放六個(gè)罐子的環(huán)狀物
15. decompose 分解
16. recyclable 可循環(huán)(使用的)
17. infantryman 步兵
18. deflect 使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向
19. a new twist 一個(gè)新的觀點(diǎn)，方法
難句譯注
1. Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【參考譯文】材料科學(xué)，一度曾是無吸引力(不起眼)的技術(shù)，正以嶄新的 ，以超導(dǎo)陶瓷為首的種種實(shí)用性發(fā)明綻開新顏。這種超導(dǎo)陶瓷可能會(huì)使電子技術(shù)徹底改變。
2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
【參考譯文】有些高級材料是帶有新方法的老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。新全國電話的光纖電纜由玻璃制成。這種玻璃透明度極高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一塊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的窗框玻璃還要清晰透明。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇介紹“超導(dǎo)材料”的論說文，采用一般到具體的分類寫作手法。先指出未來時(shí)代的材料屬于超導(dǎo)，然后再提出三種超導(dǎo)材料，再逐一說明。
答案詳解
1. B 三種超導(dǎo)材料。答案再第一段后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過改善導(dǎo)致脆性的微小缺陷，科學(xué)家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅(jiān)實(shí)得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料?！邦愃频霓D(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強(qiáng)度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機(jī)的葉輪。一種震動(dòng)或推動(dòng)就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機(jī)械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動(dòng)記錄每次擊打。”后面談及塑料垃圾可以處理，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強(qiáng)性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。
2. B 說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會(huì)象生物工程和計(jì)算機(jī)一樣將改變世界?！盇. 把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用——改變世界。 C. 把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。 與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D. 說明他的觀點(diǎn)。太籠統(tǒng)。
3. A 轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時(shí)間。見后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資。可以這么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個(gè)國家之成敗?！盉. 因?yàn)樵S多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。C. 因?yàn)樾虏牧系难芯糠浅＠щy。 D. 轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時(shí)間。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒有涉及。
4. D 在超級材料時(shí)代已過之成功在于應(yīng)用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投資。C. 在于革新。這三項(xiàng)都是應(yīng)用的部分前提。其中A和B文內(nèi)提到，C項(xiàng)文內(nèi)未涉及。 Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world‘s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere， Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States， Switzerland， and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share.
The Transantarctic Mountain， some of them more than 14，000 feet high， divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain， the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet， but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared， the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments， others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica， valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land， these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9，000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone， perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10，000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges， rippled fields of sand dunes， clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds， and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys， some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.
[B] Antarctica： Earth‘s Early-Warning station.
[C] Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post.
[D] Antarctica： a Mysterious Place.
2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?
[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.
[B] The western part of the continent would be reduced.
[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.
[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.
3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?
[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.
[B] It rarely snows.
[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.
[D] Sand dunes.
4. Which of the following is true?
[A] The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.
[B] The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.
[C] The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.
[D] The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.
Vocabulary
1. distant-early-warning sensor 遠(yuǎn)距離早期報(bào)警傳感器
2. plateau 高原，高地
3. slash 揮砍
4. blast 一陣疾風(fēng)/狂風(fēng)
5. vicious 邪惡的，兇魔般的
6. gorge 峽谷
7. ripple 起伏，使起微波
8. sand dune 沙丘
9. verdant 綠色
10. extraterrestrial 地球之外的
11. aura 氣氛
難句譯注
1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】see … as 把……看作。Where定從修飾Antarctic.
【參考譯文】因此，越來越多的科學(xué)家把南極洲視為一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)距離早期報(bào)警敏感器，在那里地球許多潛在的危險(xiǎn)動(dòng)向早在它們出現(xiàn)于北方以前就能發(fā)現(xiàn)。
2. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain
東指的使印度正南的這一部分。或山移動(dòng)的那部分洲。
3. an aura of extraterrestrial desolation
應(yīng)譯為：與地球格格不入的一種荒涼隔絕的氣氛?；蚺c世隔絕的一種荒涼氣氛。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇有關(guān)南極洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，點(diǎn)面結(jié)合寫法。首先提出：由于南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以這塊地方就可能得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測量結(jié)果。它成了監(jiān)察世界環(huán)境變化的觀察哨和空間站，后面幾段就寫了進(jìn)行考察的方面和結(jié)果。
答案詳解
1. A 南極洲和環(huán)境問題。B. 南極洲：地球早的報(bào)警戰(zhàn)。C.南極洲：獨(dú)一無二的觀察哨。D. 南極洲：神秘的地方。三項(xiàng)都是總內(nèi)容眾的組成部分。
2. D 大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段“橫斷南極的山脈，有的高達(dá)一萬四千多英尺，把這大陸分成情況各異的兩個(gè)地區(qū)。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原;山脈以西，即美洲以南的半個(gè)大陸也為冰層所覆蓋?？墒?，這里冰層覆蓋在大大低于海平面的巖石。如果西南極洲冰層消失，那這大陸西部將成為稀疏的島群。”A. 大陸西部將小時(shí)。B. 大陸西部縮小。 D. 大陸西部將成為分散的島嶼。
3. C 因?yàn)榈厍蜃兣涂耧L(fēng)勁吹。在第四段：“……這些干谷甚至在寒冬季節(jié)也很少有冰雪。它們插在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中，一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海的深度為9000英尺的冰河。現(xiàn)在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一萬年間地球變暖的結(jié)果。即使落入干谷的雪也被從極地高原咆哮入海的邪惡狂風(fēng)吹散了。留下來的是*露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時(shí)速一百英里的大風(fēng)雕刻成奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象?！盇. 邪惡的狂風(fēng)吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。這三項(xiàng)只是干谷現(xiàn)象的一部分。
4. C 他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“盡管干谷具有神秘的一面，科學(xué)家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了希望的信息?！盇.干谷內(nèi)什么都沒有留下。B. 干谷內(nèi)從沒有冰河。D. 按照科學(xué)家的看法，干谷毫無用處。 Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft， accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear， and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion if only they had access to this information.
And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS)， in Europe and Japan respectively， pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda， a Japanese carmaker， even combines VICS data with position data from 150，000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road， says David Schrier of ABI Research， a consultancy.
Meanwhile ITIS， a British company， is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator's network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are “handed off” from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists， but this idea has great potential， says Mr Schrier.
Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond， Washington， at the headquarters of Microsoft， employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts， by e-mail or text message， warning them of impending gridlock. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modelling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends， weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft， who developed the system， says it is accurate 75% of the time， and 3，000 employees use it daily.
A system called Beat-the-Traffic， developed by Triangle Software of Campbell， California， with funding from the National Science Foundation， goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec， the firm's boss， thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed， in June， KXTV News 10， a TV station in Sacramento， California， began showing Triangle's traffic forecasts for the coming week.
1. To know what is exactly happening on the rods， we don‘t need to
[A] dispatch aircraft to spot the traffic.
[B] guarantee drivers have access to the information system.
[C] obtain related reports of accident.
[D] collect data of the positions of buses.
2. Honda is mentioned in the second paragraph to suggest that
[A] Traffic Message Channel is established in Japan.
[B] Japan is in the lead in solving traffic problems.
[C] Honda demonstrated how VICS can be used.
[D] Only few people can afford to enjoy this service.
3. The use of mobile-phone signals in monitoring traffic is
[A] monopolized by IT IS， a British company.
[B] promising but still under experiment.
[C] based on the data from people on roads.
[D] effective in reducing traffic speeds.
4. JamBayes is deferent from the previously mentioned technologies as it
[A] helps the drivers to choose the fastest lane.
[B] send information to cars in the system.
[C] is based on a technique modeling to combine various data.
[D] helps the drivers to avoid congestion.
5. It can be inferred from the text that
[A] traffic jam remains unavoidable worldwide.
[B] traffic forecasts will become as authoritative as the weather forecasts.
[C] there is always a short cut by using one of these systems.
[D] new systems will improve the transportation situation.
參考答案：
1. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“為了了解路上正在發(fā)生什么情況，我們不必 ”。題干中的“what is exactly happening on the roads”出自文章第一段第四句話中，表明本題與第一段有關(guān)。第一段介紹了準(zhǔn)確了解路上發(fā)生的情況的條件——興建交通控制中心(這些中心與攝像機(jī)和傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起)、交通巡視飛機(jī)、事故報(bào)道以及配備了衛(wèi)星定位裝置的車輛的明確位置。這說明，[A]“派遣飛機(jī)去監(jiān)控交通”，[C]“得到相關(guān)的事故報(bào)告”和[B]“收集車輛位置的信息”是需要的條件。只有[D]“確保司機(jī)可以利用信息系統(tǒng)”是避免堵塞的條件，與題目的要求不符，為正確答案。
2. A 結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題的問題是“在第二段提到本田是為了表示 ”。第二段首先介紹了VICS系統(tǒng)的工作原理，指出，依靠這類系統(tǒng)，司機(jī)可以了解哪里交通堵塞，并盡量避開，隨后提到了本田公司的做法——將VICS信息與15 萬臺(tái)車輛的定位信息綜合起來，以便司機(jī)可以在堵塞的道路上選擇快的車道。這說明，提到本田公司是為了說明VICS系統(tǒng)的工作原理。[A]“本田證實(shí)了VICS如何可以得到應(yīng)用”與此意符合，為正確答案。[C]“交通信息頻道已經(jīng)在日本開通”是針對第二段第二句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是誤解了in Europe and Japan respectively這個(gè)短語的意思;第二段中并沒有比較日本和歐洲的系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)越性，所以[B]“在解決交通問題方面，日本處于地位”與文意不符;[D]“只有很少的人可以享受得起這種服務(wù)”屬于無中生有。
3. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“移動(dòng)電話信號用來監(jiān)控交通狀況 ”。題干中的“mobile phone signals”出自文章第三段第一句話中，表明本題與第三段有關(guān)。第三段提到，英國公司ITIS是少數(shù)幾家試驗(yàn)利用手機(jī)信號來了解缺少攝像機(jī)或傳感器的線路交通狀況的公司之一，隨后介紹了其工作原理，指出，這種理念有很大的潛力。這說明，這種處于試驗(yàn)階段的做法有前途。[B]“大有前途，但仍處于試驗(yàn)階段”與此意符合，為正確答案。 [A] “由一家叫ITIS的英國公司所壟斷”明顯與文中“one of several firms experimenting...”的意思不符;[C]“依據(jù)路上行人的信息”與該段后一句話的意思不符;[D]“在降低交通速度方面有效”是針對該段“to deduce traffic speeds...”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，明顯是誤解了deduce一詞的意思。
4. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“‘堵塞貝葉斯’與先前提到的技術(shù)不同，因?yàn)樗?”。題干中的“JamBayes”出自文章第四段第二句話中，表明本題與第四段有關(guān)。第四段提到“堵塞貝葉斯”時(shí)指出，它利用一種名為“貝葉斯模式”的技術(shù)，將實(shí)時(shí)交通數(shù)據(jù)同以前的趨勢、天氣信息以及一系列像節(jié)假日這樣的特別日期的信息連接起來。這說明，原因是其工作原理不同。[C]“基于一種綜合各種信息的技術(shù)模式”是對文中相關(guān)信息的概括，為正確答案。選擇快的車道是VICS的功能，所以[A]“幫助司機(jī)選擇快的車道”與文意不符;向系統(tǒng)中的車輛發(fā)送信息和幫助司機(jī)避免堵塞這兩點(diǎn)與前面提到的技術(shù)功能相同，所以[B]“向系統(tǒng)中的車輛發(fā)送信息”和[D]“幫助司機(jī)避免堵塞”不是原因。
5. D 推論題。本題的問題是“根據(jù)本文，可以推知 ”。文章前面的段落提到了幾種避免交通堵塞的技術(shù)，介紹了它們的功能，指出，這些觀念有很大的潛力，系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)時(shí)間都很準(zhǔn)確，并且交通預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣普遍。由此可知，交通監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)可能改善交通狀況。[D]“新系統(tǒng)將改善交通狀況”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“在全世界，交通堵塞仍然不可避免”明顯與第一段前面兩句話的意思不符;文中只是說交通預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣普遍，并沒有說有權(quán)威性，所以[B]“交通預(yù)報(bào)將像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣有權(quán)威性”與文意不符;[C]“通過利用這些系統(tǒng)中的一種，總是可以找到捷徑”太絕對，與文意不符。 The entertainment industry and technology companies have been warring for years over the dazzling ability of computers and the Internet to copy and transmit music and movies.
A crucial battle ended this week with a ruling by America‘s Supreme Court in favor of copyright holder and against two companies that distribute peer-to-peer (P2P) software which lets users share files online with others. The court’s decision， though ostensibly a victory for content providers， is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing- much of which will continue from outside America or stop technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms.
The court was asked to decide whether two firms， Grokster and StreamCast， were liable for copingright infringement by their customers. Two lower courts had said that the firms were nor liable， citing a 1984 ruling in favor of Sony‘ Betamax vidil recorder， this held that a technology firm is immune from liability so long as the device concerned is “capable of substantial non-infringing uses”。 The court die not reinterpret the 1984 decision in light of the Internet. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue： whether Grokster and StrwarnCast induced users to violate copurights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it. Such behavior would make the firms clearly liable for copyright infringement and end their immunity， even under the Betamax standard. The court reasoned that there were sufficient grounds to believe that inducement occurred， and sent the case back to lower courts for trivial.
Although the Grokster decision will probably not squelch innovation as much as many tech firms fear， it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious about how they market their products—and quite right. But the Supreme Court‘s narrow ruling makes this unlikely –indeed， the justices noted the technology’s widespread legitimate use. Yet their decision will surely emcolden the entertainment industry to pursue in court any firms that they can claim knowingly allow infringement. This could kill off some small innovative start-ups. On the other hand， the ruling could also provide legal cover for tech firms with the wit to plaster their products with warnings not to violate the law.
But judged from a long-term perspective， this week‘s victory for copyright holders seems likely to prove a Pyrrhic one. The Internet and file sharing are disruptive technologies that give consumers vastly more ability to use all sorts of media content， copyrighted or not. Surely entertainment firms must devise ways to use this technology to sell their wares that will also allow copyright to be protected.
So long as technology continues to evolve in ways that enable legitimate content sharing， piracy will also probably continue to some degree. Happily， in this case the piracy seems to have prompted content firms to compete by offering better fee-based services. The challenge for content providers is to use new technology to create value for customers， and to make those who use content illegally feel bad about it.
1. The ruling of America‘s Supreme Court
[A] indeed hit the piracy industry hard.
[B] has little impact on content sharing.
[C] may prevent tech firms from innovating.
[D] can lead to a flourish of entertainment industry.
2. The Grokster decision was based on the evidence that Grokster
[A] distributed P2P software illegally.
[B] allowed users sharing without permission.
[C] violated the copyright of entertainment firms.
[D] took advantage of Betamax standard.
3. The word “Pyrrhic” (Para. 5) can be replaced by
[A] undeserving
[B] unacceptable
[C] pointless
[D] unreasonable
4. In the last paragraph， the author suggests that
[A] piracy to some extent be advocated.
[B] content providers promot tech innovation.
[C] all entertainment firms protect the sopyright.
[D] better fee-based services be offered to combat piracy.
5. The best title for the text might be
[A] Copyright， to Be Protected Urgently
[B] The Pro-copyright Holder Verdict， a True Victory?
[C] Piracy out of Control.
[D] Tech Firms， How Far to Go?
詞匯注釋
1. peer-to-peer 對等網(wǎng)絡(luò)
2. ostensibly 表面上地
3. stamp out 撲滅，踩滅
4. squelch 妨礙
5. embolden 鼓勵(lì)
6. knowingly 有意識(shí)地
7. plaster 粘貼
8. Pyrrhic victory 得不償失的勝利
難句講解
1. The court’s decision, though ostensibly a victory for content providers, is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing- much of which will continue from outside America- or stop technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“The court’s decision is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing or stop technological innovation…”。Though引導(dǎo)短語是插入語，作讓步狀語;破折號里面的內(nèi)容是在解釋file sharing; or 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾innovation。
2. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue: whether Grokster and StrwarnCast induced users to violate copyrights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“the justices ruled that…”。That引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句;冒號后面的句子是在解釋issue，其中的it指的是violate copyrights這件事。
3. Although the Grokster decision will probably not squelch innovation as much as many tech firms fear, it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious about how they market their products—and quite right.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious…”。Although引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，其中的as much as引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語從句;it 指的是the Grokster decision;how 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句;破折號里面的內(nèi)容是在進(jìn)一步說明前面的句子。
答案與解析
1. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“美國高法院的裁決 ”。題干中的“America’s Supreme court”出自文章第二段第一句話中，表明本題與第二段有關(guān)。第二段首先提到了高法院的裁決，接著指出，雖然表面上看來是網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源供應(yīng)商的勝利，但是，法院的裁決卻不可能消除文件共享。[B]“對資源共享沒有產(chǎn)生什么影響”與此意符合，為正確答案。雖然第二段第一句話提到，裁決有利于版權(quán)所有者、不利于兩家公司，但第二句話卻說“法院的裁決卻不可能消除文件共享”，而文件共享是盜版的重要前提，說明[A]“確實(shí)沉重打擊了盜版業(yè)”與文意不符;該段第二句話說“法院的裁決不可能阻止技術(shù)革新”，并且第四段提到，針對Grokster公司一案的裁決可能不會(huì)妨礙革新，說明[C]“可能阻礙科技公司的創(chuàng)新”不對;根據(jù)第二段可知，裁決對娛樂業(yè)有利是表面現(xiàn)象，并不是事實(shí)，所以[D]“可能引導(dǎo)娛樂業(yè)走向繁榮”與文意不符。
2. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“針對Groksier公司一案的裁決是基于這樣的證據(jù),Grokster公司”。題干中的“Grokster”，出自文章第三段第一句話中，表明本題與第三段有關(guān)。第三段首先介紹了高法院的裁決，接著指出，本案提出了一個(gè)狹隘得多的問題，即Grokster和StreamCast這兩家公司是否引誘用戶侵犯版權(quán)，并且故意不采取任何簡單可行的措施來防止這種事情的發(fā)生，而高法院認(rèn)為，有充分的理由使人相信存在這種誘導(dǎo)。這說明，裁決的依據(jù)是該公司可能引誘用戶侵犯版權(quán)。[B]“允許用戶未經(jīng)許可共享文件”與此意符合，為正確答案。該段第一句話提到，高法院被要求就Grokster和StreamCast這兩家公司是否應(yīng)該為其用戶侵犯版權(quán)的行為負(fù)責(zé)一案做出裁決，說明銷售P2P軟件并不是法院裁決的依據(jù)，所以[A]“非法銷售P2P軟件”與文意不符;根據(jù)第三段可知，侵犯版權(quán)的是該公司的顧客，不是公司本身，所以[C]“侵犯了娛樂公司的版權(quán)”與文意不符;該段提到，即使是按照Betamax牌錄像機(jī)一案的裁決標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，公司也應(yīng)該對侵犯版權(quán)的行為承擔(dān)責(zé)任，說明[D]“利用了Betamax一案的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與文意不符。
3. A 詞義題。本題的問題是“單詞‘Pyrrhic’(第五段)可以被 代替”。第四段介紹了裁決的影響，第五段接著指出，從長遠(yuǎn)看，版權(quán)所有者本周的勝利似乎可能被證明是一場得不償失的勝利，隨后分析說，因特網(wǎng)和文件共享是破壞性的技術(shù)，這些技術(shù)使得用戶更能使用各種有版權(quán)的或沒版權(quán)的傳媒資源。這說明，版權(quán)所有者的勝利可能是一場不值得的勝利。[Al tt不值得的”是對此意的改寫，為正確答案。[B]“無法接受的”、[C]“沒有意義的”、[D]“不合理的”都不準(zhǔn)確。
4. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“在后一段，作者提出， ”。后一段提到，侵犯版權(quán)的行為似乎已經(jīng)促使資源公司通過提供更好的收費(fèi)服務(wù)來競爭，資源供應(yīng)商面臨的挑戰(zhàn)就是利用新技術(shù)為用戶創(chuàng)造價(jià)值。[D]“應(yīng)該提供更好的付費(fèi)服務(wù)來對付盜版行為”是對此意的概括，為正確答案。文中說的是“只要技術(shù)以允許分享合法資源的方式繼續(xù)發(fā)展那么侵犯版權(quán)的行為也將繼續(xù)下去”，說明[A]“應(yīng)該在一定程度上提倡盜版”與文意不符;文中說的是“資源供應(yīng)商面臨的挑戰(zhàn)就是利用新技術(shù)為用戶創(chuàng)造價(jià)值”，[B]“資源供應(yīng)商應(yīng)該促進(jìn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新”是對此意的曲解;作者在后一段并沒有提出要娛樂公司保護(hù)版權(quán)的問題，所以[C]“所有娛樂公司都應(yīng)該保護(hù)版權(quán)”屬于無中生有。
5. B 主旨題。本題的問題是“本文的佳標(biāo)題可能是 ”。文章首先提到了高法院的裁決，接著指出，雖然表面上看來是網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源供應(yīng)商的勝利，但是，法院的裁決卻不可能消除文件共享，隨后的段落介紹了法院的裁決，指出，從長遠(yuǎn)看，版權(quán)所有者的勝利可能被證明是一場得不償失的勝利，接著分析了原因。這說明，本文主要是在解釋法院的裁決是否真的對版權(quán)所有者有利。[B]“對版權(quán)所有者有利的裁決是一場真正的勝利嗎?”是對本文內(nèi)容的恰當(dāng)概括，可以表達(dá)本文的主題，為正確答案。本文雖然提出應(yīng)該保護(hù)版權(quán)，但是并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)版權(quán)的緊迫性，所以[A]“應(yīng)該立即保護(hù)版權(quán)”不能表達(dá)本文的主題;后一段雖然提到“侵犯版權(quán)的行為也將繼續(xù)下去”，但并沒有說盜版行為失去控制，所以[C]“盜版行為失去了控制”不能表達(dá)本文的主題;科技公司只是文中在介紹裁決時(shí)提到的細(xì)節(jié)，所以[D]“科技公司可以走多遠(yuǎn)?”不能表達(dá)本文的主題。 Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental， emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields emanating from power lines， mobile phones， computers and sub-stations， to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.
Electro-magnetic fields are invisible to the naked eye. However， their presence in homes， offices and factories， in strong forms， is increasingly being shown to be harmful to our health. American and Scandinavian research shows how electro-magnetic stress can contribute to insomnia， lethargy， depression， allergies， headaches， learning problems， aches and pains in the joints and more serious illnesses such as cancer and me.
It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio， microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.
There are simple measures that can be taken in the home to reduce the electro-magnetic fields. It is advisable to remove all plugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use. Our measuring instruments show that this is far more effective in reducing electro-magnetic fields than just turning off the socket switch on the wall. The bedroom is the most important area to be free of electro-magnetic bombardments. At night the body repairs its cells. However， if the body is being bombarded by electro-magnetic fields this function can be impaired.
It is therefore important not to use any plug sockets immediately behind the bed during the night owing to electro-magnetic fields being emitted. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic radiation even when the switch is in the off position. This means that the body is constantly getting a dose of electro-magnetic radiation all night which can impair sleep， cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body. Electric alarm clocks can also cause a wide band of electro-magnetic stress in the head area. These clocks are best moved to about four feet away from the bed or replaced by a battery only alarm clock. Similarly the bedroom television also needs to be about 6 feet away from the bed. Electrical installations on the wall immediately behind or next to the bed are also relevant here. Where there is a computer， for example， in the next room close to the bedroom wall this may well cause electro-magnetic fields to radiate through the wall to the bed area. Computers can also link with televisions and electrical kitchen equipment to cause distorted fields.
1. It can be inferred from the text that electric devices are
[A] perfect modern inventions.
[B] all invisible health killers.
[C] almost all mixed blessings.
[D] all directed magnetically.
2. The text indicates that electro-magnetic fields
[A] exist everywhere on the globe.
[B] seem inescapable to modern people.
[C] can be eliminated intentionally.
[D] may be adjusted to the survival of life.
3. The author appeals for sufficient awareness of the
[A] mutual interference from household electric appliances.
[B] interaction between radio frequency and earth magnetism.
[C] harmful results of man-made and natural electric fields.
[D] joint effects of artificial and natural electro-magnetic fields.
4. The proposed measures to reduce the harmful effects include
[A] unplugging the machine when it goes out of use.
[B] freeing the bedroom of electric appliances at night.
[C] switching off the apparatus when it quiets working.
[D] disconnect electric devices immediately after working.
5. The bedroom needs protection from man-made fields because
[A] our health is more readily harmed during our sleep
[B] its walls can hardly hamper the radiation of the fields.
[C] electric installations on the wall are hard to be shielded.
[D] our head is liable to be affected by electricity at rest.
詞匯注釋
1. substation 變電站
2. insomnia 失眠癥
3. lethargy 無精打彩
4. contention 論點(diǎn)
5. socket 插座
6. repose 休眠
7. distorted 不正常的
難句講解
1. Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental， emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields coming from power lines， mobile phones， computers and sub-stations， to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“Scientists and members of the public are becoming concerned about…”。on mental…短語修飾effects;coming from…短語修飾electro-magnetic fields;to name…短語作狀語，其中的that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾devices.
2. It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio， microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“It is our contention…”。that引導(dǎo)的是contention的同位語從句;microwave and electro-magnetic and…是前面短語的并列成分。
3. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic fields which can damage sleep， cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body.
[簡析] 本句話的主干是“Electric blankets still emit a high level of electro-magnetic…”。when not unplugged at the wall是一個(gè)省略的時(shí)間狀語從句;which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾electro-magnetic fields;cause a feeling of…是前面謂語的并列成分。
答案與解析
1. C推論題。本題的問題是“根據(jù)本文，可以推知，電子設(shè)備是 ”。第一段提到，人們越來越關(guān)注電磁場對人的智力、心理以及身體健康產(chǎn)生的影響，并指出這些電磁場來自于電線、移動(dòng)電話、電腦以及變電站，隨后的段落具體說明了這些電器對人產(chǎn)生的不利影響。由此可知，電子設(shè)備雖然可以給人類帶來好處，但也會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害影響。[C]“差不多好壞參半的恩賜”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“完美的現(xiàn)代發(fā)明”明顯與文意不符; [B]“無形的健康殺手”不準(zhǔn)確，沒有提到它的有害影響;文中的信息表明，電磁場是由電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的，所以[D]“通過磁場控制”屬于本末倒置。
2. B 推論題。本題的問題是“本文暗示，電磁場 ”。第一段列舉了一些常見的電子設(shè)備，第二段接著指出，電磁場是肉眼看不見的，它們存在于家庭、辦公室以及工廠。由此可知，電磁場非常普遍，人們避免不了。[B]“對于現(xiàn)代人來說似乎不可避免”是對此意的改寫，為正確答案。[A]“存在于地球的任何地方”是針對第三段“the earth naturalmagnetic and electric fields……”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符;文中只是說“可以采取一些簡單措施來降低電磁場”，并沒有說可以消除電磁場，所以[C]“可以有目的地消除”與文意不符;[D]“可以調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)生命的幸存”屬于無中生有。
3. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“作者呼吁人們充分了解 ”。文章前面兩段介紹了電磁場的影響，第三段指出，人類沒有足夠重視人造頻率以及地球自身磁場和電磁場之間的交互作用，沒有足夠重視這種交互作用對人類健康產(chǎn)生的影響。這說明，作者希望公眾了解人造頻率和電磁場之間的交互作用。[D]“人造電磁場與自然電磁場之間的交互作用”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“家用電器的相互干擾”和[B]“無線電頻率與地球磁場之間的交互作用”不準(zhǔn)確，沒有提到與電磁場的交互作用;[C]“人造電磁場和自然電磁場的有害結(jié)果”是針對第三段“…the effects of this interaction 0n health”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中說的是交互作用對健康產(chǎn)生的影響，說明C與文意不符。
4. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“提出的降低有害影響的措施包括 ”。第四、五段介紹了應(yīng)該采取的措施——如果不使用電器，從插座上拔掉所有插頭;在床后面不要使用任何插頭插座;把電子鬧鐘移到離床頭大約4英尺遠(yuǎn)的地方，或者用電池鬧鐘取代這些鐘;臥室的電視機(jī)移到離床頭大約10英尺遠(yuǎn)的地方。只有[D]“使用后立即關(guān)掉電器”屬于措施之一。[A]“如果不再使用電器，就拔掉其插頭”是針對第四段第二句話“remove auplugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use”設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是誤解了not in use(不使用)的意思，而A中的go out of use意思為“不再使用、廢棄”，所以與文意不符;[B]“在晚上，在臥室不使用電器”是針對第五段第一句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符;[C]“如果電器停止工作，就關(guān)掉它”中的條件明顯與文意不符。
5. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“臥室需要免受人造磁場的影響，因?yàn)?”。題干中的“the bedroom”出自文章第四段第四句話中，表明本題與第四段有關(guān)。第四段提到臥室時(shí)指出，臥室是降低電磁場影響的重要區(qū)域，隨后解釋說，人體的細(xì)胞在晚上處于休眠狀態(tài)，如果身體受到電磁場的影響，這種功能就可能受到損害。這說明，原因是在睡眠時(shí)人體容易受到影響。[A]“在睡眠時(shí)，我們的健康更容易受到損害”與此意符合，為正確答案。[B]“臥室的墻壁難以阻擋磁場的輻射”是針對后一段倒數(shù)第二句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中是在舉例說明在墻后或靠近床頭安裝電器也有影響，與題目的要求不符;[C] “安裝在墻上的電器難以受到保護(hù)”屬于無中生有;[D]“我們的大腦在休息時(shí)容易受到電流的影響”是針對后一段第三句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中說的是“電子鬧鐘也可能在人腦部位產(chǎn)生很大的電磁壓力”，這與題目的要求不符。 At an office in Virginia，in the east of the United States，a team of ten net savvy workers
scours the web for sexual content，from basic sex education to sex acts.This“quality assurance‘’team is making sure that the blocking component of Symantec‘s Norton Internet Security 2000 computer program remains effective.This is because there is widespread parental concern about blocking websites with sexual content from children.
Website blocking is nothing new——services like Net Nanny and programs like Cyber Patrol and Guard Dog have been around for a few years now，protecting children and reassuring parents that only wholesome websites are accessed by the youngsters.Net Nanny and Cyber Patrol will prevent access to any questionable sites when the program is in place.
Now Symantec says it has created a new category in consumer software with a package that combines website blocking with a“firewall”，protecting your computer from hackers，snoopers and viruses，as well as preventing inadvertent disclosure of personal data.
In short，Norton Internet Security(NIS)，as the program is called，is designed to serve as the guardian of your digital health，keeping the bad things out and the private things in.
The Symantec program can be configured in many ways，the website blocking，for example，can be set to be either selectively permissive or total in its banning of websites，or switched off entirely.Also，Symantec‘s list of no-go areas，which on the CD now stand at around 36，000 addresses，is not confined to sex sites.The team in Virginia is also on the lookout for sites advocating drugs，or which contain references to violence or gambling，and keeps a watch on chat rooms，e—mail services，entertainment portals——even job search and financial pages.These sites can be blocked by the program.
Computer users can also refresh the address list online wim the Live Update feature which is used by Norton Anti—Virus(which is bundled with NIS)to load the latest virus definitions.This service is free for the first year but，including virus definition updates，it costs$1 9.95 a year thereafter.
The system is not perfect，however.Limited testing found the blocking of some “questionable” sites was not comprehensive.Trying to get access to a well—known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an “incorrectly categorized”site.By contrast.you could find in other countries such as New Zealand a sex site.
1.Which of the following statements can be inferred from paragraph 1 7
[A] The net savvy workers are interested in searching the web for sexual content.
[B]The parents hope the blocking component of Norton Interact Security remains effective.
[C]The parents all over the world do not want the sexual websites to be blocked.
[D]The parents all over the world concern that their children will be harmed by the sexual websites.
2.The word“wholesome”(Line 3.Para.2)probably means .
[A]healthy [B]thorough [C]complete [D]perfect
3.According to the text，NIS is designed to——。
[A]make profit for Symantec
[B] permit any other people sharing your personal data
[C] prevent you from accessing any questionable sites
[D] protect personal data from carelessly disclosure
4.Which of the following statement is correct according to the passage?
[A] Both the program and virus update are free.
[B]The NIS program is free，but you should pay$19.95 per year for the virus update.
[C]The program can refresh the address list online with the Live Update function.
[D] Computer users should pay$1 9.95 every year the time they begin to use the program.
5.By saying“the blocking of some questionable sites was not comprehensive”，the author means
_____.
[A] ‘Playboy“ should be included in the list of no—go areas
[B] NIS is not effective in other countries at all
[C] all the websites in New Zealand should be included in the list
[D]some questionable websites are not included in the list of no-go areas
核心詞匯
Switch vt.開關(guān)(電器設(shè)備);轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變 reference n.涉及 bundle v.捆扎
virus n.病毒
難句點(diǎn)津
Trying to get access to a well—known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an“incorrectly categorized”site.
[點(diǎn)津]句子的主語是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語trying to get access to…，謂語是results in，賓語是
message，with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作定語修飾message，其中to report an…是invitation的定語。
文章翻譯
美國東部弗吉尼亞州漢普頓的一個(gè)辦公室里，10名精通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作人員組成的小組正在搜索網(wǎng)絡(luò)上從基礎(chǔ)性教育到性行為等有關(guān)性的內(nèi)容。這個(gè)“質(zhì)量保證”小組正在確保賽門鐵克公司“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警2000”的封鎖還是有效的。這是因?yàn)楸姸喔改赶Ｍ帘螏в猩閮?nèi)容的網(wǎng)站以使孩子免受不良內(nèi)容的影響。
網(wǎng)站屏蔽并不新鮮?像“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保姆”這類服務(wù)和“網(wǎng)絡(luò)巡警”、‘’看門狗‘’這些程序至今已運(yùn)行了好幾年。這些服務(wù)和程序保護(hù)孩子，也使家長放心，因?yàn)槟贻p人只能接觸到健康的網(wǎng)站。當(dāng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保姆”和“網(wǎng)絡(luò)巡警”運(yùn)行時(shí)，可以阻止進(jìn)入任何存在問題的網(wǎng)站。
現(xiàn)在，賽門鐵克公司聲稱自己已經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一種供用戶使用的新程序，這種程序可以將網(wǎng)站屏蔽系統(tǒng)與防火墻結(jié)合起來，保護(hù)電腦免受黑客、偷窺者和病毒的襲擊，同時(shí)也可防止無意中泄露個(gè)人信息。
總之，“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警”名如其實(shí)，它被設(shè)計(jì)成數(shù)字健康的衛(wèi)士，保護(hù)你的隱私，將不好的東西排除在外。
賽門鐵克的程序可以被設(shè)定為多種形式，以網(wǎng)站屏蔽為例，可以設(shè)置成部分屏蔽也可設(shè)置成全部屏蔽，或者完全將其關(guān)閉。另外，賽門鐵克程序光盤上列出的禁入網(wǎng)站已多達(dá)3萬6 千個(gè)，不只局限于色情網(wǎng)站。維吉尼亞的工作小組還在關(guān)注那些宣傳毒品，或是包含暴力、賭博內(nèi)容的網(wǎng)站。同時(shí)也監(jiān)視聊天室、郵件服務(wù)、娛樂端口，甚至是工作搜索網(wǎng)站和財(cái)務(wù)方面的網(wǎng)頁，這些網(wǎng)站都可以被該程序屏蔽。
計(jì)算機(jī)用戶還可以用“諾頓防毒”程序(“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警‘’附帶的)的”即時(shí)更新‘’功能在線刷新“禁入網(wǎng)站”名單，下載新的病毒定義。這些服務(wù)在第一年是免費(fèi)的，但之后包括對病毒定義的升級在內(nèi)，每年要花費(fèi)19.95美元。
但是這種系統(tǒng)并不盡善盡美。有限的幾次測試就發(fā)現(xiàn)對“有問題的‘’網(wǎng)站的屏蔽并不全面。比如，想要進(jìn)入美國的知名網(wǎng)站，如”花花公子“，結(jié)果就會(huì)馬上出現(xiàn)一條屏蔽信息，報(bào)告這是個(gè)”錯(cuò)誤分類“的網(wǎng)站。相反，你可以找到其他國家的色情網(wǎng)站，比如新西蘭的。
答案解析
1.D推斷題。文章第一段提到，質(zhì)量保證小組正努力確保賽門鐵克公司的計(jì)算機(jī)程序有效工作，因?yàn)槭澜绺鞯氐母改付缄P(guān)心色情網(wǎng)站的屏蔽，以免讓孩子接觸到這類網(wǎng)站。由此推斷，家長擔(dān)心孩子受到色情網(wǎng)站的毒害，故選D.選項(xiàng)B的內(nèi)容在文中的確提到，但這并非本段的重點(diǎn)，故不選。
2.A語義題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞wholesome定位第二段。該段提到，網(wǎng)站屏蔽可以保護(hù)孩子，也使家長放心，因?yàn)槟贻p人只能接觸到——網(wǎng)站。上文提到家長關(guān)心一些不良網(wǎng)站的屏蔽，這里能使冢長放心，說明年輕人瀏覽的應(yīng)為內(nèi)容健康的網(wǎng)站，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A(健康的)、B(徹底的)、C(完全的)和D(完美的)可知，正確答案應(yīng)為A.
3.D推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞NIS定位文章第四段。該段首句的“總之”一詞表明是對上段的總結(jié)。即第三段開始對這種新程序進(jìn)行描述：它可以將網(wǎng)站屏蔽系統(tǒng)與防火墻結(jié)合起來，保護(hù)電腦免受黑客、偷窺者和病毒的襲擊，同時(shí)也可防止無意中泄露個(gè)人信息。第四段則總結(jié)：“諾頓網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全特警”被設(shè)計(jì)成數(shù)字健康的衛(wèi)士，保護(hù)你的隱私……，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選D.其余三項(xiàng)A(為Symantec公司盈利)文中并未提到，B(允許其他人共享你的個(gè)人資料)與文意相悖。C(阻止你登錄任何可疑的網(wǎng)站)說法過于絕對。
4.c推斷題。由選項(xiàng)可知，本題內(nèi)容涉及NIs program.文章第六段提到，計(jì)算機(jī)用戶還可以用“諾頓防毒”程序的“即時(shí)更新”功能在線刷新“禁入網(wǎng)站”名單，下載新的病毒定義，這些服務(wù)第一年是免費(fèi)的，以后每年付19.95美元，排除A和D.文章之前還提到了該程序的功能：可以屏蔽內(nèi)容不健康的網(wǎng)站，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選C.選項(xiàng)B以偏概全，文中提到包括對病毒定義的升級在內(nèi)，每年要花費(fèi)19.95美元，而不是說僅病毒定義就需要19.95美元。
5.D語義題。文章后提到，系統(tǒng)并非盡善盡美，“花花公子”網(wǎng)站被屏蔽了，但卻沒能屏蔽新西蘭的色情網(wǎng)站，由此推斷，D正確。A(“花花公子”應(yīng)該被包括在禁止網(wǎng)站的名單內(nèi))并非作者說這句話的重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)排除;B(NIS在其他國家根本不奏效)、c(新西蘭所有的網(wǎng)站都應(yīng)該包括在禁止網(wǎng)站的名單內(nèi))兩項(xiàng)過于武斷，應(yīng)排除。 Admittedly， minor accidents and sup-ups continue to shake public confidence in nuclear power.Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries，it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process. However，this argues for exceptional vigilance，regulatory scrutiny and accountability——and not for bans or shut downs.
Those nuclear operators with a good safety record deserve to have their licenses renewed，so that existing plants may run to the end of their useful lives.The Bush administration‘s enthusiastic support goes a lot further than this，however.It also wants to see new plants.Proponents of new nuclear power stations make three arguments in their favor.They will enhance energy security by lessening dependence on fossil fuels;far from being environmentally harmful，they will be beneficial because they will reduce the output of greenhouse gases;and，most crucially，the economics of nuclear power has improved from the days when it was wholly dependent on bail out and subsidy.
Yet these arguments do not stand up to scrutiny.The claim that governments should support nuclear power to reduce their vulnerability to the OPEC oil cartel is doubly absurd.Little oil is used in power generation：what nuclear power displaces is mostly natural gas and coal，which are not only more plentiful than o訂but also geographically better distributed.Security is enhanced not by seeking energy self sufficiency but through diversification of supplies.Creating lots of fissile material that might be pinched by terrorists is an odd way to look for security anyway.What about the argument that climate change might be the great savior of nuclear power? Global warming is indeed a risk that should be taken more seriously than the Bush administration has so far done.Nuclear plants do not produce any carbon dioxide，which is the principal greenhouse gas.However，rushing in response to build dozens of new nuclear plants would be both needlessly expensive and environmentally unsound.It would make far more sense to adopt a carbon tax， which would put clean energy sources such as solar and wind on an equal footing with nuclear，whose waste poses an undeniable(if remote)environmental threat of its own for aeons to come.Governments should also dismantle all subsidies on fossil fuels——especially for coal，the dirtiest of a11.They should adopt reforms that send proper price signals to those who use power，and so reduce emissions.Global warming certainly provides one argument in favor of nuclear power，but it is not sufficient on its own to justify a nuclear renaissance.
1.What's the public‘s opinion about nuclear industry?
[A]People have little confidence in nuclear power for the potential disaster of nuclear accidents.
[B]People think it important to exercise strict monitoring and effective management of the existing plants.
[C]People believe the best way to avoid nuclear disaster is to shut down all the nuclear power stations.
[D]People agree to prohibit the existing nuclear plants from running to the end of their useful lives.
2.The most important reason why the Bush administration support more new nuclear power plants is that—————————
[A] they will increase energy security
[B]they help lessen dependence on fossil fuels
[C]they are environmentally friendly
[D] they need little government financial support
3.According to the author energy security can only be achieved by———————。
[A]using less oil in power generation
[B]replacing fossil fuels with more nuclear power
[C] seeking energy self sufficiency
[D] expanding the sources of power supply
4.According to the passage，which of the following measures is the least helpful in protecting the environment?
[A]Encouraging the use of clean energy sources.
[B]Cutting off subsidies on all fossil fuels.
[C]Adopting price reform to reduce emission.
[D]Promoting the resurgence of nuclear power.
5.It‘s implied that——。
[A]nuclear power stations may become the targets of terrorist attack
[B]the Bush administration doesn‘t give due weight to environment protection
[C]carbon dioxide is the principal source of greenhouse gas
[D]nuclear waste will turn to be all environmental threat in the long-run term
核心詞匯
slip vi.犯錯(cuò)誤，滑倒 scrutiny n.詳細(xì)審查 subsidy n.補(bǔ)助金
pinch vt.偷竊
難句點(diǎn)津
Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries，it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process.
[點(diǎn)津]該句包含一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，句子的主干是It is right that…。第一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的是以
文章翻譯
risks為先行詞的定語從句;第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，其中and連接的是介詞to的并列短語。
不可否認(rèn)，一些小事故和疏忽一直在動(dòng)搖著公眾對核能的信心。就核能具有難以估量的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來說，核工業(yè)應(yīng)該受到公眾意見的考驗(yàn)和適當(dāng)?shù)恼芜M(jìn)程的影響。無論如何，這都要求格外謹(jǐn)慎小心，制定詳細(xì)的審查規(guī)章和責(zé)任制度，而不是下達(dá)禁令或責(zé)令關(guān)閉。
那些具有良好安全記錄的核電站應(yīng)該有權(quán)利續(xù)簽他們的許可證，以便現(xiàn)在的工廠可以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)到有效期結(jié)束。但是，布什政府的熱情支持者要求更多。他們還希望看到新的核電廠。新核電廠的支持者提出了三條有利于自己的意見。他們將通過減少對礦物燃料的依賴來加強(qiáng)能源安全;核電站非但不會(huì)造成環(huán)境危害，而且是非常有益的，因?yàn)樗鼈儨p少了溫室氣體的排放;具決定性的是，核電站的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況已經(jīng)有了改善，那些完全依靠補(bǔ)助和津貼的日子已經(jīng)過去了。
然而這些論證經(jīng)不住仔細(xì)推敲。政府應(yīng)該支持核電站的建設(shè)從而減少對石油輸出國組織的依賴，這種要求是雙重荒謬的。石油很少用于發(fā)電：核能所替代的主要是天然氣和煤炭，而天然氣和煤炭不僅比石油充裕，而且在地理分布上也更合理。能源安全不是通過尋求能源的自足來加強(qiáng)的，而是通過供應(yīng)的多元化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。不管怎么說，制造大量可能會(huì)被恐怖分子偷竊的核燃料是尋求能源安全的蹩腳辦法。那種認(rèn)為氣候變化可能是核能的大救星的觀點(diǎn)又如何呢?全球變暖確實(shí)是一個(gè)需要布什政府更嚴(yán)肅地對待的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。核電站不制造任何作為主要溫室氣體的二氧化碳。但是，對此作出倉促回應(yīng)，建立許多新的核電站，不僅是不必要的花費(fèi)，對環(huán)境來說也是不安全的。采取一種對碳燃料進(jìn)行征稅的辦法，會(huì)將清潔的能源如太陽能和風(fēng)能放到與核能(其廢料將對未來造成不可否認(rèn)的環(huán)境威脅)同樣重要的地位，這將會(huì)更有意義。政府也應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除所有對礦物燃料的補(bǔ)助——尤其是煤炭這種臟的燃料。他們應(yīng)當(dāng)采取一些改革措施，將適當(dāng)?shù)膬r(jià)格信號發(fā)送到使用此燃料者那里，從而減小排放量。全球變暖確實(shí)為核能的使用提供了有利的論據(jù)，但它自己并不足以證明核能應(yīng)用的復(fù)興是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?BR> 答案解析
1.B推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞public‘s opinion定位文章第一段。該段著重描述了大眾對核電技術(shù)的種種憂慮和看法，群眾所要求的并非禁止或關(guān)閉所有核電站，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)“高度警惕”以及“定期檢查評估”，對于運(yùn)行安全的核反應(yīng)堆可以續(xù)發(fā)執(zhí)照，以便充分利用現(xiàn)有的核電資源，故正確答案為B.其余選項(xiàng)A(由于核事故的潛在危險(xiǎn)，人們對核能幾乎沒有信心)與文中的shake public con6dence(動(dòng)搖公眾的信心)不相符，C(人們認(rèn)為避免核災(zāi)難好的方法是關(guān)閉所有的核電站)和D(人們同意禁止現(xiàn)有的核電廠運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)到有效期結(jié)束)與文意相悖，故錯(cuò)誤。
2.D細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞But administration定位第二段。該段列舉了布什政府支持建設(shè)更多核電站的三個(gè)主要原因。在提到第三個(gè)原因時(shí)，用了most crucially(具決定性的)，表明現(xiàn)任政府支持核電發(fā)展主要的原因是核電站的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營已不再完全依賴政府的財(cái)政援助，故答案應(yīng)為D.
3.D細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞energy security時(shí)定位文章第三段。該段著重探討了核電的發(fā)展是否有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)能源安全的問題。該段中有幾處關(guān)鍵信息表明作者認(rèn)為：能源安全不是通過尋求能源的自足來加強(qiáng)的，而是通過供應(yīng)的多元化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由此可以排除選項(xiàng)c，確定D項(xiàng)為答案。
4.D推斷題。后一段中作者提出了幾點(diǎn)有助于環(huán)保的建議：推廣使用清潔能源，取消政府對化石燃料的補(bǔ)貼，以及通過價(jià)格改革控制廢氣排放;在后重申全球氣候變暖不足以成為大規(guī)模發(fā)展核電的理由，綜合推斷可知選項(xiàng)D正確。
5.B推斷題。在第三段中作者借Global warming is indeed a risk t11at should be taken more seriously than the Bush administration has so far done含蓄批評了布什政府的環(huán)境政策，因此選項(xiàng)B正確。而選項(xiàng)A、c、D所涉及的內(nèi)容，作者在文章中直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃U述了，故不合題意。 The introduction of non-indigenous“exotic”species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity.In 1825，a particularly vigorous female clone of itadori (called Japanese knotweed)was introduced into Holland and later distributed throughout Europe by the plant collector and nurseryman，Von Seibold.British gardeners loved it and by 1 886 it was even found growing on cinder tips in South Wales.By the turn of the century，the plant had colonized many other sites，and gardeners were advised against planting it in shrubberies.By 1 994，it was almost everywhere——railways，riversides，hedgerows，cemeteries-swamping a wide range of habitats and displacing rare species.Botanists‘ fears that the plant is still spreading and may yet colonize other new habitats have generated recent attempts to eradicate it bymechanical and chemical methods，all in vain as yet.
The evidence stacked against Japanese knotweed is damning.But there is a deep anxiety that behind the desire to correct human ecological cook—ups——often manifest as a passion to save endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems——is a thinly disguised xenophobia;that we are simply seeing yet another form of ecological imperialism which defines what is“natural”based on human preferences.
But whatever our reaction to“problem‘’or alien species is，it must involve moral decisions.And who should make such decisions and to what degree they are accountable must also be up for review.The conclusions of scientists and other sections of society may differ vastly about what to do about the introduced animals and plants that have become a common feature of everyday life.For example，the scheme to control rabbits in Australia by deliberately spreading the disease myxomatosis was a success in that huge numbers of rabbits were wiped out for the greater good——the”health“of Australian ecosystems.But would inflicting such a horrifically slow agonizing death on sentient creatures win popular support if it were proposed today?
Scientists of biodiversity are by their very nature concerned with the organization of species into systems and not necessarily with the interests and well-being of individual，particularly those that are seen as a threat to the maintenance of those systems.Yet there is a growing feeling for the democratization of decisions concerning nonhuman life.The movement towards environmental values must surely involve a movement away from imperialism and a search for a relationship with nature as it truly is，rather than aswe would design it.Then，when Our lawns have long disappeared，we may yet come to honor the humble dandelion.
1. Botanists have generated attempts to remove the Japanese knotweed because———
[A]it threatens the local biodiversity
[B]it is regarded as exotic
[C]it's SO vigorous as to spread everywhere
[D]it checks other plants growth
2. 111 the author's opinion.the attempt to eradicate the Japanese knotweed__.
[A] is worthy of praises
[B]reflects people‘s desire to protect ecological biodiversity
[C]shows people‘s passion to say endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems
[D]is biased by human preferences
3. what does the Word“xenophobia”(Line 3，Para.2)mean?
[A]The ecological disorders.
[B]The passion to save the endangered ecosystem.
[C]The ecological imperialism.
[D]The fear for alien species.
4. As for what to do about alien species，the author thinks——。
[A]who should make such decisions is open to doubt
[B]the decisions should be based on scientists‘conclusions
[C]decision making should involve more people other than scientists
[D]it's morally unacceptable to eradicate all alien species
5. According to the text，which of the following is true?
[A]To eliminate alien species for the sake of the indigenous ones is acceptable.
[B]Human‘s efforts to correct ecological disorders are actually based on ecological study.
[C]People‘s attitudes towards alien species involve moral considerations.
[D]Human have to design nature to protect biodiversity.
核心詞匯
species n.種類 clone n.無性繁殖 hedgerows n.灌木樹籬
cemetery n.墓地 vain n.徒勞 manifest v.表明
sectionn n.部分，界 humble口巧。卑微的 dandelion n.蒲公英
文章翻譯
非本上的外來物種的傳入現(xiàn)在被視為是對生物多樣性的一個(gè)主要威脅。1825年，一種具有相當(dāng)旺盛生命力的itadori(稱為虎杖)雌性克隆植物被引進(jìn)荷蘭，并隨后由植物收藏家和園丁Von Seibold推廣到全歐洲。英國的園丁們很喜歡它，到1886年在南威爾士甚至都能看到它們長在煤渣上。到20世紀(jì)初，這種植物已經(jīng)侵占了其他一些地方，園丁們被告知不要把它種在灌木林里。到1994年，這種植物幾乎到處都是——鐵道、河岸、灌木籬墻、公墓，覆蓋了很大一片地方，并取代了一些稀有品種。植物學(xué)家們擔(dān)心這種植物還會(huì)不斷繁殖并可能搶占新的生存空間。這種憂慮促使人們用機(jī)械和化學(xué)的方法來嘗試根除它，但至今為止仍徒勞無功。
不利于虎杖的依據(jù)是確定無疑的，但還存在一層更深的憂慮。那就是在糾正人類給生態(tài)帶來的災(zāi)禍的愿望背后——通常表現(xiàn)為一種挽救瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物和脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的激情——是一種未經(jīng)多少掩飾的仇外情結(jié)。那憂慮還在于我們看到了另一種生態(tài)帝國主義，以人類的喜好來決定什么是“自然的”。
但是無論我們對“問題”或外來物種的反應(yīng)如何，它都必須包含道德的決定。誰應(yīng)該做這樣的決定以及他們對這樣的問題應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的程度也必須被重新認(rèn)識(shí)。科學(xué)家和其他社會(huì)部門的結(jié)論的不同可能很大部分在于如何對待已經(jīng)成為日常生活共同特色的外來的動(dòng)植物。例如，澳大利亞通過故意散布多發(fā)黏液瘤病來控制兔子的數(shù)量并取得了成功。大量的兔子為了更大的利益——澳大利亞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的“健康”——而被消滅。但是如果在當(dāng)今這種造成反應(yīng)靈敏的生物如此恐怖地、緩慢痛苦地死亡的提議再被提出來的話，它還會(huì)得到人們廣泛的贊同嗎?
從事生物多樣性研究的科學(xué)家本質(zhì)上是關(guān)心作為一種系統(tǒng)存在的物種的，而并不關(guān)心單個(gè)生物的利益和生存狀態(tài)，特別是那些被視為對維護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成威脅的生物。但現(xiàn)在存在一種漸長的情緒要求對非人類生物所做的決定的民主化。爭取環(huán)境價(jià)值的運(yùn)動(dòng)必須確實(shí)包含遠(yuǎn)離帝國主義的運(yùn)動(dòng)以及對人與自然關(guān)系的探索，這種關(guān)系是真實(shí)存在的而不是由人類自己設(shè)計(jì)出來的。于是，當(dāng)我們大片大片的草地消失的時(shí)候，我們才可能來尊敬卑賤的蒲公英。
答案解析
1. A 推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞BotanisE和the Japanese kmotweed定位文章第一段。該段首句講到外來物種對生物多樣性造成了威脅，接著以虎杖為例來支持這一論點(diǎn)，指出這一物種占領(lǐng)了很大一片地方，并取代了一些稀有品種，由此可推知，鏟除虎杖的原因就是它威脅了生物多樣性，正確答案為A.
2. D 態(tài)度題。第一段討論了人們普遍接受的一種觀點(diǎn)，并以鏟除虎杖的嘗試為例來支持這種觀點(diǎn)，第二段提出了由這一事例引發(fā)的思考和作者自己的看法——虎杖的命運(yùn)反映了人們?yōu)榫S護(hù)本地生物多樣性而表現(xiàn)出的一種排外心理，即人們按照自己的喜好來維護(hù)那些所謂“自然”的東西，故選D.其余選項(xiàng)A(值得稱道)，由文中的invalid(徒勞)可知作者并不看好這種做法。B(反映了人們保護(hù)生態(tài)多樣性的愿望)和c(展示了人們保護(hù)瀕危物種和脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的熱情)均非作者的想法。
3. D 語義題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞xenophobia定位第二段。該段中被考查詞xenophobia的前后句都是對其的解釋。主要內(nèi)容是：人們表現(xiàn)出的為挽救脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的激情，是一種未經(jīng)多少掩飾的xenophobia情結(jié)，那憂慮還在于我們看到了另一種生態(tài)帝國主義。結(jié)合上文我們知道，這種植物是外來的，當(dāng)其發(fā)展影響到本土的植物時(shí)人們就嘗試根除它，由此可推測xenophobia意為“排外主義，仇外”，故選D.
4. C 推斷題。作者在第三、四段中就如何對待外來物種提出了自己的看法：在第三段中指出由誰作出決定，以及他們對此問題應(yīng)負(fù)多大責(zé)任，都是值得商榷的問題;第四段中更加明確地提出決策民主化的觀點(diǎn)，綜合推斷可知正確答案為C.其余三項(xiàng)A(由誰來做這樣的決定仍有待商榷)沒有C全面，B(這些決定應(yīng)該以科學(xué)家的結(jié)論為基礎(chǔ))與文意相悖，D(鏟除所有外來物種在道德上是無法接受的)說法過于絕對。
5. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題可從選項(xiàng)入手，A(為了本土物種而鏟除外來物種是可以接受的)與文中提到的生態(tài)帝國主義和考慮道德因素相悖，可排除;B(人們糾正生態(tài)混亂的種種努力實(shí)際上都以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)研究為基礎(chǔ))文章并未提到，可排除;C(人們對外來物種的態(tài)度涉及道德因素)符合文意，故為答案;文章結(jié)尾處指出，人們在探索環(huán)境價(jià)值的過程中應(yīng)該積極地探索與大自然的關(guān)系，而不是憑著人類的喜好去設(shè)計(jì)自然，故D錯(cuò)誤。 Is this happening in your neighborhood? Children，notebook computers stuck under their arms，await the yellow bus for the trip to middle schoo1.On the surface，the question of computers in schools is a no-brainer.It would be strange to insist that today‘s technology shouldn’t be used to make the classroom experience more individualized，more effective，more immediate，more exciting.Computers have been in schools more than 20 years—and probably even done some good.
But the idea of a personal computer as a necessary daily tool for every American grammar school pupil is altogether a different thing.Beware the superficially attractive vision of 10-year-olds doing most of their work—and homework—on a computer.It‘s another illusory silver bullet that promises to solve a11 of society’s ills through technology.Regardless of whether parents or taxpayers buy the machinery，it‘s a bad policy.
Determining the proper role of computers in schools is too important to be left to computer suppliers and educators.An educated public with clear and realistic expectations needs to help determine the right track for technology.
Educators forever seem to seek the ultimate in curricular or teaching tools.They are always preoccupied with innovation—junior high school，new math，whole language，open classrooms and mastery learning，to name a few.Some ideas turned out well and over time have earned permanent positions in our education systems.Others reflected change for change‘s sake and wound up in the trash bin，Where they belong.
Exactly what is to be solved with computers in schools? Are we looking to improve instructional capacity and flexibility? Are we trying to make teachers and aides more productive by letting students take advantage of programmed learning tools? This all sounds good，and much has been accomplished with computer assisted instruction.
But that‘s not the same as making the computer a symbol of well-tempered educational policy.There’s danger in the message that a child is not fully educated if he or she can‘t surf the World Wide Web skillfully，move around in Windows or the Finder，use a word processing program，or program in Logo or Basic.
These skills can be learned outside the classroom.Worse，the time it takes students to acquire them is time stolen from the legitimate teaching schedule—and that‘s a bad trade.
And what kind of computers should be purchased? We‘re not talking brand names.Most school systems don’t have the money to replace PCs or Macs on the two-to three-year cycle that shifting technologies demand.On the other hand，$ 2，500一the cost of just one computer—invested in books for the school library produces an asset that has，shall we say，a longer shelf life.
And who changes the factory culture of schoolrooms to allow computers to be more effective? And who teaches the teachers? These are the really tough issues—the ones that more hardware won‘t solve.
Children are best served when schools contribute to shaping the solid foundations on which their future will be built.The student who can read with curiosity and understanding，who has mastered basic mathematical concepts，who can evaluate ideas critically，is the one schools should aim to produce.
1. According to the author，teaching computer in the school classroom is bad practice because____.
[A]the computer is too expensive a luxury for school pupils
[B]the pupils are not intelligently mature enough to master the skills
[C]it takes too much time which might has been spent on regular courses
[D]the pupils can learn nothing from computer assisted instruction
2. A“no-brainer”in the third sentence of the first paragraph probably means____.
[A]something that is taken for granted
[B]an idea that is brainless and foolish
[C]a proposal that is not worthy of serious consideration
[D]a machine that can never take the place of human brain
3. Who can determine the proper role of computers in schools?
[A]Computer suppliers. [B]Computer educators
[C]The educated public. [D]All of the above.
4. In the last paragraph the author implies that____.
[A]computer skills contribute nothing to proper education
[B]computer teaching is an indispensable part of education
[C]the fundamental purpose of education is being ignored
[D]teachers should be taught how to teach computer skills
5. The author‘s attitude towards the present way of teaching computer in schools is____.
[A]critical [B]objective
[C]positive [D]optimistic
參考答案：
1. [C]意為：它占用了太多的時(shí)間，而這些時(shí)間本來可以用于正常課程。 參閱第七段和后一段。
2. [A] 根據(jù)下一句的意思，該詞應(yīng)理解為“無須思考的問題”。
3. [D] 第三段指出，決定計(jì)算機(jī)在學(xué)校中應(yīng)該起什么作用是一件重要的事，不能僅交由計(jì)算機(jī)供應(yīng)商和教育工作者來定，公眾也應(yīng)該有發(fā)言權(quán)。
4. [C] 后一段指出，學(xué)校的根本任務(wù)是為學(xué)生的未來打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，學(xué)校旨在培養(yǎng)的學(xué)生應(yīng)是具有好奇心和理解力，能掌握數(shù)學(xué)基本概念。并能對現(xiàn)存的一些觀念進(jìn)行獨(dú)立評價(jià)。言外之意，由于盲目地進(jìn)行計(jì)算機(jī)教育，這些基礎(chǔ)容易被忽視。
5. [A]意為：批評的。 文章從第二段起就開始對目前的計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)提出了批評，并在后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)指出它對培養(yǎng)學(xué)生基本能力的不良影響。 I love e-mail.Evidently，so do most other journalists.E-mail use has tripled during the past five years among some journalists.I know because I am part of a research team that surveyed 360 journalists last year to determine how they use e-mail.Our survey results show that e-mail use among respondents expanded dramatically from only 18%in 1994 to 80%in 1999.Instead of sending about eight messages a day，each of those journalists was sending 30.
And these same journalists said they are using e-mail for everything from locating sources to conducting online interviews.Such evidence indicates that for many journalists e-mail has created a virtual world in which they can transcend time and space.A journalist in California，for example，taps out her questions at l：30 p.m.，and sends them to London，where it‘s 9：30 p.m……It is better than getting up at 3 a.m.to do a telephone interview with a scientist in Switzerland.
In today‘s wired world，reporters are discovering that people who won’t respond to phone calls，often will respond quickly to e-mails.A colleague and I are now in the process of conducting follow-up interviews with a selected group of journalists who participated in our 1999 survey.Those interviewed so far all agreed that e-mail is changing the way journalists work.As one reporter for a major Southwestern daily said，“Now you can send out half a dozen e-mails and usually most of them will be returned within the next day.It has opened up a better，faster way to communicate that didn't exist before.It used to be that you could only communicate with people basically during working hours.But now you can send an e-mail in the middle of the night and get your answer in the morning.”
Other advantages of e-interviews：You don‘t have to transcribe a tape or decipher your notes.And when a source complains about a quote，all you have to do is send over a transcript of your e-mail message to verify its accuracy.
Although these journalists are crazy about the e-interview，they also admit it has its limitations.“You have to use judgment to decide when an e-mail interview is as good as a voice interview，”one said .And I agree，as long as we treat e-mail as one of many journalistic tools，we‘ll be fine.But，for most stories，you simply must drag yourself away from your keyboard.E-interviews are also good for closed-ended questions，such as：How many employees did your company lay off last year? But during an e-interview，you can’t see the pain on the face of the CEO who just fired 2，000 people.
1. E-mail use among some journalists has tripled during the past five years because____.
[A]it is more convenient and quicker
[B]it is particularly useful for Journalists
[C]it saves money for journalists in conducting international interviews
[D]journalists send out more messages than before
2. A“wired world”(the first sentence in the third paragraph)is one____.
[A]in which the dominant means of communication is the e-mail
[B]which is connected by various communication media
[C]in which telephone interview has replaced face-to-face interview
[D]in which the telephone is a dominant means of communication
3. Another advantage of e-mail over other kinds of communication is that____.
[A]it is more reliable and trustworthy
[B]it is more likely to be responded to
[C]it is more direct than face-to-face communication
[D]it irons out the embarrassment which may be provoked otherwise
4. One of the limitations of e-interview is that____.
[A]it is limited in time and space
[B]the interviewers send much useless information
[C]the interviewers have to dispense with body language
[D]the interviewers have to compare the e-mail message with their notes later
5. The passage is mainly concerned with____.
[A]the advantages of e-interviews over traditional interviews
[B]the limitations with the e-interview
[C]the changes brought to journalists by e-mail
[D]the importance of e-mail communication to journalists
參考答案：
1. [A] 第二段第二句指出，對許多記者來說，電子郵件開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)能使得他們超越時(shí)空的虛擬世界。
2. [B] wire此處作動(dòng)詞，意思是“用電線連接”，因此，這里應(yīng)該不限于電話或電子郵件，而是指包括電話和電子郵件等在內(nèi)的通訊手段。
3. [B] 參閱第三段第一句，該句是該段的主題句。 [D]的意思是：它可以消除(不使用它時(shí))可能引起的尷尬局面。
4. [C] 意為：采訪者看不到(被采訪者的)身體語言。 參閱后一段后一句。
5. [C] 本文第二段第二句實(shí)際上表達(dá)了本文的主旨。本文第二、三、四段提到了電子郵件的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，后一段提到了其局限性。就本文而言，所謂優(yōu)點(diǎn)實(shí)際上談的是電子郵件在哪些方面改變了記者的工作方式。 I love e-mail.Evidently，so do most other journalists.E-mail use has tripled during the past five years among some journalists.I know because I am part of a research team that surveyed 360 journalists last year to determine how they use e-mail.Our survey results show that e-mail use among respondents expanded dramatically from only 18%in 1994 to 80%in 1999.Instead of sending about eight messages a day，each of those journalists was sending 30.
And these same journalists said they are using e-mail for everything from locating sources to conducting online interviews.Such evidence indicates that for many journalists e-mail has created a virtual world in which they can transcend time and space.A journalist in California，for example，taps out her questions at l：30 p.m.，and sends them to London，where it‘s 9：30 p.m……It is better than getting up at 3 a.m.to do a telephone interview with a scientist in Switzerland.
In today‘s wired world，reporters are discovering that people who won’t respond to phone calls，often will respond quickly to e-mails.A colleague and I are now in the process of conducting follow-up interviews with a selected group of journalists who participated in our 1999 survey.Those interviewed so far all agreed that e-mail is changing the way journalists work.As one reporter for a major Southwestern daily said，“Now you can send out half a dozen e-mails and usually most of them will be returned within the next day.It has opened up a better，faster way to communicate that didn't exist before.It used to be that you could only communicate with people basically during working hours.But now you can send an e-mail in the middle of the night and get your answer in the morning.”
Other advantages of e-interviews：You don‘t have to transcribe a tape or decipher your notes.And when a source complains about a quote，all you have to do is send over a transcript of your e-mail message to verify its accuracy.
Although these journalists are crazy about the e-interview，they also admit it has its limitations.“You have to use judgment to decide when an e-mail interview is as good as a voice interview，”one said .And I agree，as long as we treat e-mail as one of many journalistic tools，we‘ll be fine.But，for most stories，you simply must drag yourself away from your keyboard.E-interviews are also good for closed-ended questions，such as：How many employees did your company lay off last year? But during an e-interview，you can’t see the pain on the face of the CEO who just fired 2，000 people.
1. E-mail use among some journalists has tripled during the past five years because____.
[A]it is more convenient and quicker
[B]it is particularly useful for Journalists
[C]it saves money for journalists in conducting international interviews
[D]journalists send out more messages than before
2. A“wired world”(the first sentence in the third paragraph)is one____.
[A]in which the dominant means of communication is the e-mail
[B]which is connected by various communication media
[C]in which telephone interview has replaced face-to-face interview
[D]in which the telephone is a dominant means of communication
3. Another advantage of e-mail over other kinds of communication is that____.
[A]it is more reliable and trustworthy
[B]it is more likely to be responded to
[C]it is more direct than face-to-face communication
[D]it irons out the embarrassment which may be provoked otherwise
4. One of the limitations of e-interview is that____.
[A]it is limited in time and space
[B]the interviewers send much useless information
[C]the interviewers have to dispense with body language
[D]the interviewers have to compare the e-mail message with their notes later
5. The passage is mainly concerned with____.
[A]the advantages of e-interviews over traditional interviews
[B]the limitations with the e-interview
[C]the changes brought to journalists by e-mail
[D]the importance of e-mail communication to journalists
參考答案：
1. [A] 第二段第二句指出，對許多記者來說，電子郵件開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)能使得他們超越時(shí)空的虛擬世界。
2. [B] wire此處作動(dòng)詞，意思是“用電線連接”，因此，這里應(yīng)該不限于電話或電子郵件，而是指包括電話和電子郵件等在內(nèi)的通訊手段。
3. [B] 參閱第三段第一句，該句是該段的主題句。 [D]的意思是：它可以消除(不使用它時(shí))可能引起的尷尬局面。
4. [C] 意為：采訪者看不到(被采訪者的)身體語言。 參閱后一段后一句。
5. [C] 本文第二段第二句實(shí)際上表達(dá)了本文的主旨。本文第二、三、四段提到了電子郵件的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，后一段提到了其局限性。就本文而言，所謂優(yōu)點(diǎn)實(shí)際上談的是電子郵件在哪些方面改變了記者的工作方式。 Tropical rainforests cover over an area of nearly 3 billion acres，or about 8.3 percent of the Earth‘s total 1and surface.These remarkable forests are shared by some 50 countries on five continents.Biologists believe that rainforests are the home of perhaps half the world’s biotic species，about five-sixths of which have not yet been described and named.
Throughout most of history，rainforests were considered to be remote，inaccessible，and unpleasant places，and as a result they were 1ittle affected by human activities.In the present century，however，rainforests have been exploited and ruined at a quickening pace，and in the last decade or so，tropical deforestation has become one of the Earth‘s most serious environmental problems.The rate of deforestation is spectacular—51 acres per minute;74，000 acres per day;27 million acres per year.More than half of the original African rainforest is now gone;about 45 percent of Asia’s rainforest no longer exists;the proportion in Latin America is approaching 40 percent.
As the forest goes，so goes its animal life.In the mid-1980s it was calculated that tropical deforestation was responsible for the extinction of one species per day;by 1990 it was estimated that the rate was one species per hour.
Moreover，loss of the forests contributes to increased soil erosion，drought，flooding，worsening water quality，declining agricultural productivity，and greater poverty for rural inhabitants.In addition，atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to be increased because there are fewer trees to absorb it and because burning of trees for forest clearing releases more to the air.
The irony of tropical deforestation is that the anticipated economic benefits are usually illusory.Much of the forest clearing，especially in Latin America，is in response to the social pressure of overcrowding and poverty in societies where most of the people are landless.The governments open up“new lands”for settlement in the rainforest.The settlers clear the land for crop growing or livestock raising.The result almost always is an initial one or two years of high soil productivity，followed by poor years as fertility declines and the soil begins to suffer from erosion.
The forests，of course，are renewable.If left alone by humans，they can regenerate，as long as there are seed trees in the neighborhood and the soil has not lost all its nutrients.The loss of biotic diversity，however，is much more serious.Extinction is an irrecoverable process.Valuable potential resources may disappear before they are even discovered.Natural genotypes that could be combined with agricultural crops or animals to resist disease，insects，parasites，and other environmental stresses may also be lost.Last，but not least，is the possibility that many small，isolated valuable groups of native people may be wiped out.
Much concern has been expressed about tropical deforestation，and some concrete steps have been taken.The development of agroforestry (planting crops with trees，rather than cutting down the trees and replacing them with crops) is being fostered in many areas.In Brazil，which has by far the largest expanse of rainforest，some 46，000 square miles of reserves have been set aside，and Brazilian law requires that any development in the Amazon region leave half of the land in its natural state.In 1985 a comprehensive world plan，sponsored by the World Bank，the World Resources Institute，and the United Nations Development Programme，was introduced.It proposes concrete，country-by-country strategies to combat tropical deforestation.It is an $ 8 billion，five-year project，dealing with everything concerning the protection of rainforests.
Meanwhile，the sounds of the axe and the chain-saw and the bulldozer continue to be heard throughout the tropical forest lands.
1. In the past，rainforests were nearly left intact because____.
[A]people then had a better sense of environmental protection
[B]people then knew better how to protect them
[C]people then looked at rainforests in some awe
[D]people then did not know how to exploit them
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of deforestation?
[A]Loss of species diversity.
[B]Increased poverty for the concerned countries.
[C]Increased atmospheric pollution.
[D]Loss of culture diversity.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that forest destruction mainly results from____.
[A]people‘s desire to meet their economic needs
[B]people‘s ignorance of the importance of forests to biotic species
[C]people‘s need to burn fuel to warm their houses
[D]people‘s desire to open up more farmland
4. People‘s attempt to clear the forest to open up new lands often has the result of____.
[A]leaving even more people homeless
[B]expanding settlement but destroying the land
[C]finding more land for landless people to cultivate
[D]renewing the forest at a slower pace
5. The tone of the author‘s conclusion seems to be ____.
[A]optimistic [B]objective
[C]concerned [D]tolerant
參考答案：
1. [C] 意為：人們當(dāng)時(shí)用敬畏的眼光看待熱帶雨林。參閱第二段第一句。
2. [B] 意為：使相關(guān)國家更貧困。第四段第一句只提到了給農(nóng)村居民(rural inhabitants)帶來的貧困狀況。有關(guān)[A]參閱第三段和第六段，有關(guān)[C]參閱第四段第二句，有關(guān)[D]參閱第六段后一句。
3. [A] 參閱第五段第一、二、三、四句。相比較而言，[D]表達(dá)的意思則有些片面。
4. [B] 意為：擴(kuò)展了定居點(diǎn)，但毀壞了土地。參閱第五段。
5. [C] 意為：關(guān)注。參閱后一段。 Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.
The situation is the same or worse in most other parts of the world.It is estimated that about 20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species are in danger.Most of these plants are in the tropical rainforests that are being cut down，and many have not even been identified yet.
Why is extinction threatening so many U.S.species? The main reason is the destruction of habitats.This destruction is caused，especially in the Eastern United States，by land development，such as the construction of shopping centers and housing tracts.In the Western states，the poor management of public lands has been a critical factor.There，many habitats have been destroyed by the spread of exotic plant species.1)For example， June grass， which was introduced from Europe in the late 1800s， has invaded hundreds of square kilometers of Western lands，pushing out some native species of grass that are less able to compete for the usually scarce moisture.
Public indifference has also contributed to the problem.2) Americans have rallied to the cause of endangered animals such as whooping cranes and African elephants，but they seem unconcerned about endangered plants.Perhaps they consider wild animals to be public property，but plants are the property of the owner of the land on which they grow.
The consequences of habitat destruction are often most serious in the tropics and subtropics.Those regions have a much greater number of plant species than are found in cooler climates.And many species grow in only a small area，increasing the probability of their being wiped out.It is not surprising，therefore，that nearly 75 percent of the 680 species on the most-endangered list are located in just three states and Puerto Rico.Hawaii has 21 percent;Texas，12.2 percent;Florida，10.6 percent;and Puerto Rico，10.1 percent.But nearly all of the 50 states have at least a few native plants that are among those facing extinction.
Saving endangered plants is important for several reasons.Among those plants，there may be some that produce substances that could be of value in making medicines.Others might possess genetic traits that could be used to improve crop plants.We might also find that some plants are worth growing for their own sake—as food or perhaps for the oil in their seeds.But beyond such practical applications，there is a sense of loss when any species—a plant as much as an animal—disappears from the face of the Earth forever.
1. In another decade，it is estimated that____.
[A]more than 10 percent of the native plants in the United States may die out
[B]approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States will be extinct
[C]20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species will be extinct
[D]20 percent of Earth‘s approximately 300，000 plant species may become extinct
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of plant species extinction?
[A]Careless introduction of foreign plant species.
[B]Over-development of 1and for commercial use.
[C]Public ignorance of the present situation.
[D]Inappropriate governmental land protection policies.
3. In what way are the public indifferent to the present situation?
[A]They are still unaware of the cause of land destruction.
[B]They pay too much attention to endangered animals.
[C]They do not give due attention to saving endangered plants.
[D]They are selfish enough to protect only their own properties.
4. Plant species in the tropics and subtropics are most vulnerable in that____.
[A]a greater number of plant species are found there than in cooler regions
[B]many plant species grow in only a small area in these regions
[C]these regions frequently become the first targets of deforestation
[D]countries within these regions have a worse sense of environmental protection
5. All of the following are practical considerations for protecting plant species EXCEPT____.
[A]medicinal use of plant species
[B]utilizing their genetic traits to develop better plant species
[C]a sense of loss that some species disappear even before they are identified
[D]production of food and oil for the dinner table out of them
參考答案：
1. [A] 參閱第一段，這句話的意思是：在展望10年后的情況時(shí)植物學(xué)家們預(yù)計(jì)，在不久的將來，3 000種植物——占美國近25 000種植物的10%以上——將可能滅絕。[D]不對，第二段第二句只提到了這些植物受到了(滅絕的)威脅，而不是將會(huì)滅絕。
2. [D] 第三段第四句雖然提到了公地管理不善是造成植物生長地遭破壞的根本原因，但是，這里并未提到是政策本身不好，還是政策執(zhí)行得不好。有關(guān)[A]參閱第三段第五、六句，第五句中exotic意為“外(國)來的”。有關(guān)[B]參閱第四段第二句。有關(guān)[C]參閱第四段：該段批評美國人對保護(hù)動(dòng)物非常熱心，但對瀕臨滅絕的植物似乎漠不關(guān)心。在作者看來，其中的原因是他們認(rèn)為野生動(dòng)物是公共財(cái)產(chǎn)，而植物是土地所有者的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)。
3. [C] 參閱第2題題解。
4. [B] 參閱第五段第三句。
5. [C] 意為：當(dāng)意識(shí)到有些物種甚至還沒來得及被鑒別出就消失了時(shí)而產(chǎn)生的一種失落感。參閱后一段后一句，請注意本句中的beyond such practical applications.有關(guān)[A]參閱后一段第二句;有關(guān)[B]參閱后一段第三句，這句的意思指借鑒其他植物的基因特性并利用基因工程的方法來改進(jìn)作物。有關(guān)[D]參閱后一段第四句。