例題解析
How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大腦皮層）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures – like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 3____.
3. Paragraph 4 ___.
4. Paragraph 5 ___.
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
D differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
5. Sensory information is one that is received through ____.
6. You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __.
8. We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
E. the sights and sounds of the world
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
l 答案及解析
1． 文章標題分析：How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her
從上面的結構可以知道“第一印象”就是我們對別人形成的最初的觀點或看法。
2．小標題分析：抓住被選項中的核心詞/特征詞
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
2． 直接解題
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
1 Paragraph 2 ___.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大腦皮層）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.1. D。 分析：段首句是概括句（句意：答案與你的大腦怎樣讓你了解世界有關。），該句暗示“大腦”可能是該段落的中心，而在段落中又出現(xiàn)了兩個“brain”，因此判斷小標題應該與“大腦”或“大腦的工作”有關，這樣判斷只有D合適（D中的memories與brain有關系），而且D中的incoming sensory information 和 memories也直接在段落中出現(xiàn)了，因此判斷D是答案。
思路特點：抓住段首句的大意和段落中詞語使用的特點。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
2 Paragraph 3____.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures – like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
2． C。分析： 分析被選項：被選項A中的核心詞“immature and simplistic”在段落中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此不選擇A； F中的核心詞“Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）”在段落中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此不選擇F； 段落中段首句在舉例子，而段未句說“這些最初的印象（前面提到的例子）可能是很錯誤的”，而段落中出現(xiàn)了不少例子（引號中的話語），因此判斷該段落是在利用例子解釋說明“第一印象”，因此判斷答案C正確。
思路特點：利用被選項中的特征詞/核心詞縮小答案選擇范圍，利用段落中句子結構特點“舉例”句較多判斷段落內(nèi)容特點。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
3 Paragraph 4 ___.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
3．B．分析：在段未句中發(fā)現(xiàn)了F中的核心詞，但是這些詞在段落中只出現(xiàn)了一次，而包含這些詞的句子說“我把他們分類成騙子， 反常人和怪人”，但并沒有說這些人之間如何進行劃分，因此判斷F是干擾項；A中的核心詞immature 出現(xiàn)了兩詞，甚至simplistic也出現(xiàn)了，A中說的是“避免簡單，不成熟的印象的方法”，但是段落中并沒有提到什么方法，所以A不是答案；F中強調(diào)的“危險性”在段落中沒有呼應內(nèi)容，因此判斷B是答案。思路特點：利用被選項中的特征詞/核心詞縮小答案選擇范圍，利用段落中句子核心結構的內(nèi)容確認句子的大意判斷答案。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
E threatening aspect of first impressions
（F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人））
4 Paragraph 5 ___.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
4．A． 分析：段首句（觀點句）說“如果我們拒絕最初的老套的印象，我們就有機會了解一個人真正是什么樣子的”，而該句內(nèi)容與A最接近（而且段首句后面在舉例子說明—我們怎樣做，我們的思維方式就會更加成熟）。
思路特點：抓住段首句大意和段落中主要句子的核心結構內(nèi)容和表意特點判斷答案。
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
E. the sights and sounds of the world
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
5. Sensory information is one that is received through ____.
5 E. 分析：借助題干中的核心詞Sensory information作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world.
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
6 You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
6．D． 分析：根據(jù)搭配句意（你通過把它和已經(jīng)存儲在你大腦中的記憶進行比較而分析傳送到大腦中的感官信息）直接判斷D是答案。
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
1 The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __.
7． C。分析：利用題干中出現(xiàn)的核心詞stereotype作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. （not unlike = like = is similar to）A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
2 We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.
8．B． 分析：利用題干中出現(xiàn)的核心結構mature style of thinking作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大腦皮層）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures – like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 3____.
3. Paragraph 4 ___.
4. Paragraph 5 ___.
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
D differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
5. Sensory information is one that is received through ____.
6. You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __.
8. We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
E. the sights and sounds of the world
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
l 答案及解析
1． 文章標題分析：How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her
從上面的結構可以知道“第一印象”就是我們對別人形成的最初的觀點或看法。
2．小標題分析：抓住被選項中的核心詞/特征詞
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
2． 直接解題
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
1 Paragraph 2 ___.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大腦皮層）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.1. D。 分析：段首句是概括句（句意：答案與你的大腦怎樣讓你了解世界有關。），該句暗示“大腦”可能是該段落的中心，而在段落中又出現(xiàn)了兩個“brain”，因此判斷小標題應該與“大腦”或“大腦的工作”有關，這樣判斷只有D合適（D中的memories與brain有關系），而且D中的incoming sensory information 和 memories也直接在段落中出現(xiàn)了，因此判斷D是答案。
思路特點：抓住段首句的大意和段落中詞語使用的特點。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
2 Paragraph 3____.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures – like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
2． C。分析： 分析被選項：被選項A中的核心詞“immature and simplistic”在段落中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此不選擇A； F中的核心詞“Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）”在段落中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此不選擇F； 段落中段首句在舉例子，而段未句說“這些最初的印象（前面提到的例子）可能是很錯誤的”，而段落中出現(xiàn)了不少例子（引號中的話語），因此判斷該段落是在利用例子解釋說明“第一印象”，因此判斷答案C正確。
思路特點：利用被選項中的特征詞/核心詞縮小答案選擇范圍，利用段落中句子結構特點“舉例”句較多判斷段落內(nèi)容特點。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
3 Paragraph 4 ___.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
3．B．分析：在段未句中發(fā)現(xiàn)了F中的核心詞，但是這些詞在段落中只出現(xiàn)了一次，而包含這些詞的句子說“我把他們分類成騙子， 反常人和怪人”，但并沒有說這些人之間如何進行劃分，因此判斷F是干擾項；A中的核心詞immature 出現(xiàn)了兩詞，甚至simplistic也出現(xiàn)了，A中說的是“避免簡單，不成熟的印象的方法”，但是段落中并沒有提到什么方法，所以A不是答案；F中強調(diào)的“危險性”在段落中沒有呼應內(nèi)容，因此判斷B是答案。思路特點：利用被選項中的特征詞/核心詞縮小答案選擇范圍，利用段落中句子核心結構的內(nèi)容確認句子的大意判斷答案。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
E threatening aspect of first impressions
（F differences among Jocks（騙子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人））
4 Paragraph 5 ___.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
4．A． 分析：段首句（觀點句）說“如果我們拒絕最初的老套的印象，我們就有機會了解一個人真正是什么樣子的”，而該句內(nèi)容與A最接近（而且段首句后面在舉例子說明—我們怎樣做，我們的思維方式就會更加成熟）。
思路特點：抓住段首句大意和段落中主要句子的核心結構內(nèi)容和表意特點判斷答案。
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
E. the sights and sounds of the world
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
5. Sensory information is one that is received through ____.
5 E. 分析：借助題干中的核心詞Sensory information作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world.
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
6 You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
6．D． 分析：根據(jù)搭配句意（你通過把它和已經(jīng)存儲在你大腦中的記憶進行比較而分析傳送到大腦中的感官信息）直接判斷D是答案。
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
1 The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __.
7． C。分析：利用題干中出現(xiàn)的核心詞stereotype作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. （not unlike = like = is similar to）A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
2 We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.
8．B． 分析：利用題干中出現(xiàn)的核心結構mature style of thinking作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關句：If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.