1. The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.
(A) occurring when a child
(B) occurring when children
(C) that occurred when a child
(D) that occurred when they were children
(E) that has occurred as each was a child
1. That引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾和ing格式分詞修飾名詞的區(qū)別（為什么that occurred正確而occurring就不對(duì)呢）
觀(guān)點(diǎn)一（一次性動(dòng)作和反復(fù)性動(dòng)作）
that+從句修飾名詞表示一次性的動(dòng)作。v-ing修飾名詞表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作
現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)、正在進(jìn)行和延續(xù)，用在這里明顯不合適，況且后面還有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when，只能是過(guò)去分詞表示一次性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，有三個(gè)作用，其一，相當(dāng)于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示的正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)好理解；其二，相當(dāng)于一般時(shí)態(tài)所表示的任何時(shí)候都能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，eg:A man living in town rarely sees cows.要注意：做定語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須表示相同的時(shí)間，否則只能用定語(yǔ)從句，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞。eg:I muse find out the child who broke my door.(not breaking my door)如果是最后這一句所示的規(guī)則。那么該句使用that occured修飾divorce是非常合理的。（張道真語(yǔ)法的解釋?zhuān)?BR> 例1 白勇語(yǔ)法里此問(wèn)題的例句及一段解釋
In Egypt in the late Palaeolithic period, the climate changed, pastures became deserts, and the inhabitants were forced to withdraw to the land bordering the Nile from their hunting grounds. .
A. inhabitants were forced to withdraw to the land bordering the Nile from their hunting grounds. .
B. inhabitants had been forced to withdraw from their hunting grounds to the land that bordered the Nile
C. inhabitants were forced to withdraw from their hunting grounds to the land bordering the Nile.
D. inhabitants having been forced to, withdraw from their hunting grounds to the land that bordered the Nile
E. inhabitants withdraw, because they are forced to, from their hunting grounds to the land bordering the Nile.
C為正確選項(xiàng)，the land bordering the Nile 合理的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)為：后者作為前者的動(dòng)作具有客觀(guān)性，多次性和重復(fù)性，無(wú)明確時(shí)間概念，應(yīng)使用ing形式做定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一邏輯關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句做定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的一次性和具體時(shí)間下的具體行為。
例2 OG10-80
Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
A. that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
B. that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
C. that flourished at the same time those had
D. flourishing at the same time as those did
E. flourishing at the same time as those were
OG解釋flourishing 有ongoing 的嫌疑。對(duì)于過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作，ETS喜歡用that did
觀(guān)點(diǎn)二（限定性非限定性）
that定語(yǔ)從句和分詞的區(qū)別：分詞相當(dāng)于非限定定語(yǔ)從句，而限定定語(yǔ)從句和非限定定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是局部和范圍的區(qū)別，所表達(dá)的意思有很大的差異
A. 限定性修飾, 起限制約束作用:
1.由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, (that只引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句, 前面不會(huì)有逗號(hào))
2.由前面沒(méi)有逗號(hào)的一wh開(kāi)頭的詞(who, which...)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,
3.with引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)
構(gòu)成的修飾就是限定性的修飾, 起限制的作用. 就象OG1里的that定語(yǔ)從句. 什么樣的divorce呢? 是發(fā)生在when they were children時(shí)候的divorce, 而不是所有的divorce. 即限定
B. 非限制性修飾:
1. 由前面有逗號(hào)的一wh開(kāi)頭的詞(who, which...)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
2.. 由分詞短語(yǔ)
構(gòu)成的修飾就是非限制性修飾, 起解釋, 說(shuō)明的作用. 就象OG1里的divorce, 如果用分詞修飾就變成 divorce 的定義(definition) 是 occuring when a child, 即解釋, 說(shuō)明.
例1．前輩NN討論貼里關(guān)于限定非限定的強(qiáng)貼
1．He asks the girls who is in red clothes to form a team.
2．He asks the girls with red clothes to form a team.
3．He asks the girls, who is in red to form a team.
4．He asks the girls, dressing in red clothes to form a team.
1,2句是限定的，可以想象成體育館中有一大群女孩兒，有穿紅的，穿綠的，有黃的等等，這群女孩子中穿紅的那一部分組成一個(gè)隊(duì)。此時(shí)這個(gè)穿紅的修辭成份是對(duì)女孩子的群體起限定作用，是局部概念。
2,3句是非限定的，可以想象成體育館中有一大群女孩子，所有的女孩子一個(gè)不落地組成一個(gè)隊(duì)，這些女孩子共有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，全都是穿紅的。此時(shí)穿紅的修辭成份是對(duì)女孩子的群體不作限定，只表示這一個(gè)群體的特點(diǎn)。
不加逗號(hào)的定語(yǔ)從句是限定的，加逗號(hào)的定語(yǔ)從句是非限定的。 With限定，-ing或-ed分詞不限定
(A) occurring when a child
(B) occurring when children
(C) that occurred when a child
(D) that occurred when they were children
(E) that has occurred as each was a child
1. That引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾和ing格式分詞修飾名詞的區(qū)別（為什么that occurred正確而occurring就不對(duì)呢）
觀(guān)點(diǎn)一（一次性動(dòng)作和反復(fù)性動(dòng)作）
that+從句修飾名詞表示一次性的動(dòng)作。v-ing修飾名詞表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作
現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)、正在進(jìn)行和延續(xù)，用在這里明顯不合適，況且后面還有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when，只能是過(guò)去分詞表示一次性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，有三個(gè)作用，其一，相當(dāng)于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示的正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)好理解；其二，相當(dāng)于一般時(shí)態(tài)所表示的任何時(shí)候都能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，eg:A man living in town rarely sees cows.要注意：做定語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須表示相同的時(shí)間，否則只能用定語(yǔ)從句，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞。eg:I muse find out the child who broke my door.(not breaking my door)如果是最后這一句所示的規(guī)則。那么該句使用that occured修飾divorce是非常合理的。（張道真語(yǔ)法的解釋?zhuān)?BR> 例1 白勇語(yǔ)法里此問(wèn)題的例句及一段解釋
In Egypt in the late Palaeolithic period, the climate changed, pastures became deserts, and the inhabitants were forced to withdraw to the land bordering the Nile from their hunting grounds. .
A. inhabitants were forced to withdraw to the land bordering the Nile from their hunting grounds. .
B. inhabitants had been forced to withdraw from their hunting grounds to the land that bordered the Nile
C. inhabitants were forced to withdraw from their hunting grounds to the land bordering the Nile.
D. inhabitants having been forced to, withdraw from their hunting grounds to the land that bordered the Nile
E. inhabitants withdraw, because they are forced to, from their hunting grounds to the land bordering the Nile.
C為正確選項(xiàng)，the land bordering the Nile 合理的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)為：后者作為前者的動(dòng)作具有客觀(guān)性，多次性和重復(fù)性，無(wú)明確時(shí)間概念，應(yīng)使用ing形式做定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一邏輯關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句做定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的一次性和具體時(shí)間下的具體行為。
例2 OG10-80
Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
A. that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
B. that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
C. that flourished at the same time those had
D. flourishing at the same time as those did
E. flourishing at the same time as those were
OG解釋flourishing 有ongoing 的嫌疑。對(duì)于過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作，ETS喜歡用that did
觀(guān)點(diǎn)二（限定性非限定性）
that定語(yǔ)從句和分詞的區(qū)別：分詞相當(dāng)于非限定定語(yǔ)從句，而限定定語(yǔ)從句和非限定定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是局部和范圍的區(qū)別，所表達(dá)的意思有很大的差異
A. 限定性修飾, 起限制約束作用:
1.由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, (that只引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句, 前面不會(huì)有逗號(hào))
2.由前面沒(méi)有逗號(hào)的一wh開(kāi)頭的詞(who, which...)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,
3.with引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)
構(gòu)成的修飾就是限定性的修飾, 起限制的作用. 就象OG1里的that定語(yǔ)從句. 什么樣的divorce呢? 是發(fā)生在when they were children時(shí)候的divorce, 而不是所有的divorce. 即限定
B. 非限制性修飾:
1. 由前面有逗號(hào)的一wh開(kāi)頭的詞(who, which...)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
2.. 由分詞短語(yǔ)
構(gòu)成的修飾就是非限制性修飾, 起解釋, 說(shuō)明的作用. 就象OG1里的divorce, 如果用分詞修飾就變成 divorce 的定義(definition) 是 occuring when a child, 即解釋, 說(shuō)明.
例1．前輩NN討論貼里關(guān)于限定非限定的強(qiáng)貼
1．He asks the girls who is in red clothes to form a team.
2．He asks the girls with red clothes to form a team.
3．He asks the girls, who is in red to form a team.
4．He asks the girls, dressing in red clothes to form a team.
1,2句是限定的，可以想象成體育館中有一大群女孩兒，有穿紅的，穿綠的，有黃的等等，這群女孩子中穿紅的那一部分組成一個(gè)隊(duì)。此時(shí)這個(gè)穿紅的修辭成份是對(duì)女孩子的群體起限定作用，是局部概念。
2,3句是非限定的，可以想象成體育館中有一大群女孩子，所有的女孩子一個(gè)不落地組成一個(gè)隊(duì)，這些女孩子共有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，全都是穿紅的。此時(shí)穿紅的修辭成份是對(duì)女孩子的群體不作限定，只表示這一個(gè)群體的特點(diǎn)。
不加逗號(hào)的定語(yǔ)從句是限定的，加逗號(hào)的定語(yǔ)從句是非限定的。 With限定，-ing或-ed分詞不限定