12. Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
A. Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
B. Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses.
C. Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, new small businesses are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity as established big businesses.
D. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.
E. New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
1 代詞指代：當(dāng)有多個可以指代的對象時，選用代詞容易造成混淆。
A do … , because B …. Ｂ如果用代詞需要考慮指代是否指向A 合理
2 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：
formulas （for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity ）do not apply to them in the same way as （formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do） to established big businesses. 在不引起歧義的前提下， in the same way as 后面可以省略主語和謂語。
主謂賓 + 平行詞 +（主謂）賓 ===》比較的主體是前后的賓語，
前后的主謂一致，主謂 省略·
new small businesses are not subject to（ the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity） in the same way as established big businesses
主謂賓 + 平行詞 +主謂賓 ===》比較的主體是前后的主語，
前后的賓語一致，只能省略賓語。主語后有賓語部分，比較部分的主語后的系動詞不能省，因為很容易造成后面的主語和前面的賓語比較的問題。
3 詞法：
are not subject to the same applicability of 歧義而且不簡潔。The same way as 合理。
To X the same as to Y, 伽利略人在船頭的那道題。
4 邏輯意思清晰：先原因,后結(jié)果,表達的意思清晰明確
有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）Because A , B . 2）B, because A 3）B because A
逗號很關(guān)鍵,沒有逗號會引起歧義， because的優(yōu)選結(jié)構(gòu)是1）和2）; 不用B because A(強調(diào)歧意)
例句
Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible.
(A) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible. (分詞詞組修飾的是good eating habits, 明顯錯誤. 顯然 good eating habits are caused by the desire to be as thin as possible是不合邏輯的. Caused by 表示直接導(dǎo)致)
(B) Good eating habits sometimes fail to be maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts caused by desiring to be as thin as possible. 同choice A
(C) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, good eating habits are sometimes not maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts.
(D) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits.
(E) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits because they desire to be as thin as possible.
先原因,后結(jié)果,表達的意思清晰明確
A. Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
B. Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses.
C. Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, new small businesses are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity as established big businesses.
D. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.
E. New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.
1 代詞指代：當(dāng)有多個可以指代的對象時，選用代詞容易造成混淆。
A do … , because B …. Ｂ如果用代詞需要考慮指代是否指向A 合理
2 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：
formulas （for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity ）do not apply to them in the same way as （formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do） to established big businesses. 在不引起歧義的前提下， in the same way as 后面可以省略主語和謂語。
主謂賓 + 平行詞 +（主謂）賓 ===》比較的主體是前后的賓語，
前后的主謂一致，主謂 省略·
new small businesses are not subject to（ the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity） in the same way as established big businesses
主謂賓 + 平行詞 +主謂賓 ===》比較的主體是前后的主語，
前后的賓語一致，只能省略賓語。主語后有賓語部分，比較部分的主語后的系動詞不能省，因為很容易造成后面的主語和前面的賓語比較的問題。
3 詞法：
are not subject to the same applicability of 歧義而且不簡潔。The same way as 合理。
To X the same as to Y, 伽利略人在船頭的那道題。
4 邏輯意思清晰：先原因,后結(jié)果,表達的意思清晰明確
有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）Because A , B . 2）B, because A 3）B because A
逗號很關(guān)鍵,沒有逗號會引起歧義， because的優(yōu)選結(jié)構(gòu)是1）和2）; 不用B because A(強調(diào)歧意)
例句
Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible.
(A) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible. (分詞詞組修飾的是good eating habits, 明顯錯誤. 顯然 good eating habits are caused by the desire to be as thin as possible是不合邏輯的. Caused by 表示直接導(dǎo)致)
(B) Good eating habits sometimes fail to be maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts caused by desiring to be as thin as possible. 同choice A
(C) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, good eating habits are sometimes not maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts.
(D) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits.
(E) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits because they desire to be as thin as possible.
先原因,后結(jié)果,表達的意思清晰明確