1. current, present
均可表“現(xiàn)在”，“目前”。
current強調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。如：current English (當(dāng)代英語)
present為常用詞，指現(xiàn)在正在通用的，在時間上比current的范圍更窄。如：What’s your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里？)
2. custom, habit
均可表習(xí)慣。
custom為正式用詞，多指社團或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。
habit為常用詞，多指個人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢或意愿。如：He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)
3. damage, destroy, harm, ruin
均可表“破壞”，“損壞”。
damage一般指部分性的破壞，含可修復(fù)使用。
destroy指十分徹底的毀壞，破壞。如：The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個城市被毀了。)
harm多指帶來悲痛，產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害，可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如：Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫(yī)生說吸煙對身體有害。)
ruin為正式用詞，強調(diào)由于自然力或時間的作用而逐漸損壞，用于比喻時也指徹底毀壞名聲，期望等。如：She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上，把它毀了。)另外，ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。
4. decrease, reduce
decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如：The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)
reduce為常用詞，使用范圍較大，可指尺寸，數(shù)量，規(guī)模和程度等，也可指地位，經(jīng)濟狀況。如：He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)
5. dependent, independent
dependent依賴的，依靠的(on, upon)。如：Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent 不依靠的，獨立的(of)。如：John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
6. desert, dessert
desert沙漠。如：Have you ever been to a desert?
Dessert甜食。如：What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?
7. discover, invent
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。如：A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造。如：A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
8. duty, responsibility
均有“責(zé)任”之意，可換用。
duty意義較廣，多指發(fā)自內(nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。
responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對事件之后果負責(zé)。如：I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔(dān)打破花瓶的全部責(zé)任。)
9. effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物，強調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如：effective medicine, effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，著重有效地利用時間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如：The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)
10. economic, economical
economic經(jīng)濟(學(xué))的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟學(xué)說)
economical節(jié)約的，節(jié)儉的。如：He is economical of money and time.
均可表“現(xiàn)在”，“目前”。
current強調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。如：current English (當(dāng)代英語)
present為常用詞，指現(xiàn)在正在通用的，在時間上比current的范圍更窄。如：What’s your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里？)
2. custom, habit
均可表習(xí)慣。
custom為正式用詞，多指社團或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。
habit為常用詞，多指個人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢或意愿。如：He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)
3. damage, destroy, harm, ruin
均可表“破壞”，“損壞”。
damage一般指部分性的破壞，含可修復(fù)使用。
destroy指十分徹底的毀壞，破壞。如：The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個城市被毀了。)
harm多指帶來悲痛，產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害，可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如：Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫(yī)生說吸煙對身體有害。)
ruin為正式用詞，強調(diào)由于自然力或時間的作用而逐漸損壞，用于比喻時也指徹底毀壞名聲，期望等。如：She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上，把它毀了。)另外，ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。
4. decrease, reduce
decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如：The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)
reduce為常用詞，使用范圍較大，可指尺寸，數(shù)量，規(guī)模和程度等，也可指地位，經(jīng)濟狀況。如：He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)
5. dependent, independent
dependent依賴的，依靠的(on, upon)。如：Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent 不依靠的，獨立的(of)。如：John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
6. desert, dessert
desert沙漠。如：Have you ever been to a desert?
Dessert甜食。如：What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?
7. discover, invent
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。如：A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造。如：A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
8. duty, responsibility
均有“責(zé)任”之意，可換用。
duty意義較廣，多指發(fā)自內(nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。
responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對事件之后果負責(zé)。如：I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔(dān)打破花瓶的全部責(zé)任。)
9. effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物，強調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如：effective medicine, effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，著重有效地利用時間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如：The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)
10. economic, economical
economic經(jīng)濟(學(xué))的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟學(xué)說)
economical節(jié)約的，節(jié)儉的。如：He is economical of money and time.