修辭目的題（Rhetorical Purpose）:考查讀者透過表面特定的修辭方法/方式發(fā)掘潛在的目的能力。要求讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)外在修辭特征背后的修辭目的。
例題: Fine-art objects are not constructed by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not crack, deteriorate, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demand of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces （iron being much stronger than bronze）。
Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance？
A. To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of physics that an artist tries to overcome. B. To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics C. To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics D. To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology [解析]正確答案是A.這一端是一個完整篇章的節(jié)選，完整的文章參見本書第18頁的文章。這篇文章從多個角度分析了applied-art object和fine-art object的不同。如果讀一下全文，我們會知道本題中的這一段是從laws of physics（物理規(guī)律）是如何在這兩類藝術(shù)品上應(yīng)用的，具體的講，這一段是講物理規(guī)律是如何應(yīng)用在fine-art object上的。
這一段的第一、二句話告訴我們:“fine-art objects在應(yīng)用物理規(guī)律時是與applied-art objects不同的。與applied-art objects不同，fine-art objects在應(yīng)用物理規(guī)律時不注重功能，更加關(guān)注的是材料的使用”。這些信息就排除了選項B，因為在制作fine-art objects的時候藝術(shù)家們也是要關(guān)注物理規(guī)律的，只是從功能轉(zhuǎn)到了材料應(yīng)用上。在接下來的幾句中，作者提供的是具體的細(xì)節(jié)，考生完全沒有必要太拘泥于理解細(xì)節(jié)中的每一個詞，相反，考生應(yīng)該通過這接下來的幾句話了解到一下信息:為了使雕塑作品穩(wěn)定，藝術(shù)家必須了解properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress這些物理規(guī)律。畫家也必須了解一些物理規(guī)律，這樣才能使自己的畫避免 “canvas will be taut, and the paint must not crack, deteriorate, or discolor”這樣的損害。在講完這兩個細(xì)節(jié)之后，作者說“These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work”，“這些問題是藝術(shù)家在完成作品是必須克服的”。然后用for example來帶出一個具體的例子，這也是細(xì)節(jié)。而引用這個例子的目的就是為了說明“這些問題是藝術(shù)家在完成作品是必須克服的”，所以顯而易見的是符合選項A
易見的是符合選項A
新TOEFL的網(wǎng)考的閱讀部分會考查單詞或短語，可能是個生僻的單詞，也可能是熟悉詞僻義，不管是何種題型，新TOEFL閱讀的上下文都會給相應(yīng)的提示。詞匯題目的問法與老TOEFL的問法相同，the word（or phrase） X is closest in meaning to ……,the word（or phrase） x could be best replaced by.針對這樣一種題型我們準(zhǔn)備新TOEFL的考生到底如何面對。
首先打造自已的詞匯實力，背單詞是一件不容忽視的事情，但也是最枯燥乏味的事情，同時就算是你有那種堅持不懈的精神，由于背詞的方法不對或是背的詞匯的方向選擇不好，都是徒勞無益的，有很多GRE的考生考過GRE，但考六級的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)有些力不從心，六級分?jǐn)?shù)也不過，有的都可能會有六級不過的現(xiàn)象，主要是同一個詞匯在不同的考試中考查的方向不同如edge在四級考試考的最多是邊緣而在TOEFL中考查的是優(yōu)勢=advantage, note score movement在四級考時表示筆記、分?jǐn)?shù)、運(yùn)動，在TOEFL中則表示音符、樂譜、樂章。所以我們在背詞匯的時候要選好詞匯書，有同學(xué)一定會問到底哪本最能反應(yīng)TOEFL中詞匯的考試方向，由于詞匯書多如牛毛，該如何選擇的問題。任何詞匯書的選擇分為下列幾個原則:
例題: Fine-art objects are not constructed by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not crack, deteriorate, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demand of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces （iron being much stronger than bronze）。
Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance？
A. To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of physics that an artist tries to overcome. B. To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics C. To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics D. To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology [解析]正確答案是A.這一端是一個完整篇章的節(jié)選，完整的文章參見本書第18頁的文章。這篇文章從多個角度分析了applied-art object和fine-art object的不同。如果讀一下全文，我們會知道本題中的這一段是從laws of physics（物理規(guī)律）是如何在這兩類藝術(shù)品上應(yīng)用的，具體的講，這一段是講物理規(guī)律是如何應(yīng)用在fine-art object上的。
這一段的第一、二句話告訴我們:“fine-art objects在應(yīng)用物理規(guī)律時是與applied-art objects不同的。與applied-art objects不同，fine-art objects在應(yīng)用物理規(guī)律時不注重功能，更加關(guān)注的是材料的使用”。這些信息就排除了選項B，因為在制作fine-art objects的時候藝術(shù)家們也是要關(guān)注物理規(guī)律的，只是從功能轉(zhuǎn)到了材料應(yīng)用上。在接下來的幾句中，作者提供的是具體的細(xì)節(jié)，考生完全沒有必要太拘泥于理解細(xì)節(jié)中的每一個詞，相反，考生應(yīng)該通過這接下來的幾句話了解到一下信息:為了使雕塑作品穩(wěn)定，藝術(shù)家必須了解properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress這些物理規(guī)律。畫家也必須了解一些物理規(guī)律，這樣才能使自己的畫避免 “canvas will be taut, and the paint must not crack, deteriorate, or discolor”這樣的損害。在講完這兩個細(xì)節(jié)之后，作者說“These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work”，“這些問題是藝術(shù)家在完成作品是必須克服的”。然后用for example來帶出一個具體的例子，這也是細(xì)節(jié)。而引用這個例子的目的就是為了說明“這些問題是藝術(shù)家在完成作品是必須克服的”，所以顯而易見的是符合選項A
易見的是符合選項A
新TOEFL的網(wǎng)考的閱讀部分會考查單詞或短語，可能是個生僻的單詞，也可能是熟悉詞僻義，不管是何種題型，新TOEFL閱讀的上下文都會給相應(yīng)的提示。詞匯題目的問法與老TOEFL的問法相同，the word（or phrase） X is closest in meaning to ……,the word（or phrase） x could be best replaced by.針對這樣一種題型我們準(zhǔn)備新TOEFL的考生到底如何面對。
首先打造自已的詞匯實力，背單詞是一件不容忽視的事情，但也是最枯燥乏味的事情，同時就算是你有那種堅持不懈的精神，由于背詞的方法不對或是背的詞匯的方向選擇不好，都是徒勞無益的，有很多GRE的考生考過GRE，但考六級的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)有些力不從心，六級分?jǐn)?shù)也不過，有的都可能會有六級不過的現(xiàn)象，主要是同一個詞匯在不同的考試中考查的方向不同如edge在四級考試考的最多是邊緣而在TOEFL中考查的是優(yōu)勢=advantage, note score movement在四級考時表示筆記、分?jǐn)?shù)、運(yùn)動，在TOEFL中則表示音符、樂譜、樂章。所以我們在背詞匯的時候要選好詞匯書，有同學(xué)一定會問到底哪本最能反應(yīng)TOEFL中詞匯的考試方向，由于詞匯書多如牛毛，該如何選擇的問題。任何詞匯書的選擇分為下列幾個原則: