中考英語(yǔ):常見(jiàn)介詞、連詞“大顯神通”

字號(hào):

一、介詞 介詞在句中不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任成分,通常與名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。介詞的用法非常靈活,中考中常見(jiàn)的介詞有: at:
    1. 表示地點(diǎn),意為“在”,常用于較小范圍。如:at the station / at home / at the school gate等。
    2. 表示時(shí)間,意為“在”,常用來(lái)指某一時(shí)刻,也可指某一期間。如: at five o'clock / at that time / at noon / at the age of fifteen等。
    3. 表示動(dòng)作的方向,意為“向;對(duì)(有時(shí)可不譯)”。如: look at / shoot at 等。
    4. 表示引起某種情緒的原因,意為“對(duì)于;因?yàn)椤薄?BR>    如: be surprised at / be angry at / be not happy at等。
    5. 表示狀態(tài),意為“在”。如: at work / at war / at a meeting等。
    常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ): at once / at first / at least / be good at 等。 between:
    1. 表示“在……(兩者)之間”,其后須跟復(fù)數(shù)賓語(yǔ)。如:between the two counties / between us 等。不可說(shuō):between each (every) person等。
    2. between常與and連用,常指“兩地之間”。
    如: The park is between the bank and the library.
    公園在銀行和圖書館之間。
    也可用于兩個(gè)時(shí)間之間、兩個(gè)數(shù)字之間、兩人之間等。
    如: between Jack and Mike / between 8:30 and 9:30 等。 on:
    1. 表示場(chǎng)所,意為“在……上”。如: on the desk / on the road / on the wall / on the other hand等。
    2. 表示位置,意為“在……旁”。如: on my right / on the north of Shanghai 等。
    3. 表示時(shí)間(常指具體的一天)。如: on Monday / on June 6 / on Friday morning / on the night of July 18等。常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ): on duty / on sale / on display / on one's way (to)等。 in: 1. 表示場(chǎng)所、地點(diǎn)或位置,意為“在……里;在……中”。如: in the box / in the world / in the same class / in the south of China等。
    2. 表示時(shí)間,意為“在……期間;在……(時(shí)間)內(nèi)”。如: in spring / in 2005 / in the morning / in a minute / in an hour等。
    3. 表示狀況或情況,意為“處于……中”。如: in good health / in class / in hospital / in a hurry / in the open air等。
    4. 表示方式、手段,意為“以……(方式);用……(語(yǔ)言)”。如: in a loud voice / in English等。
    5. 表示服裝,意為“穿著;戴著”。如: in uniform / a girl in red / a wolf in sheep's clothing等。
    常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ): in a word / in fact / in pair / in the slightest等。 behind:
    1. 表示位置,意為“在……之后”。如:There is nothing behind the tree. 樹(shù)后面沒(méi)有東西。
    2. 表示時(shí)間,意為“遲于”。如:He arrived ten minutes behind time. 他遲到10分鐘。/ The train was not behind time. 火車沒(méi)有誤點(diǎn)。
    3. 表示程度,意為“落后于;不如”。如: behind the times落后于時(shí)代。 under:
    1. 表示位置,意為“在……之下”。如: under the sun / under the bridge / under the table等。
    2. 表示年齡,意為“小于”。如: The boy must be under seven. 那男孩一定未滿7歲。
    3. 表示從屬關(guān)系,意為“在……指導(dǎo)(控制)下”。
    如: under the leadership of the Party / under the famous scientist等?!?BR>    二、連詞 連詞在句子中起連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不單獨(dú)做句子成分。連詞主要有并列連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)并列句,和從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。 (一)并列連詞。
    1. and表示“和”。如: My brother and I study in the same school.
    2. but表示“但是”。如: I have a pen but no pencil.
    3. or表示“或者”。如: Will you go there by bus or on foot? or還表示“否則”。如: Hurry up or you will be late.
    4. nothing but 表示“除了……只有”。如: I did nothing but watch it.
    5. for 表示“因?yàn)椤薄1硎竞竺娴木渥邮窃?。如:He is good at math for he studies harder than others.
    6. not only ... but also表示“不僅……而且”。如: Not only he but also I am a teacher. 注意:當(dāng)not only ... but also, either ... or, neither ... nor連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)用就近原則。
    7. as well as 表示“以及;同樣”,連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞要隨前面的主語(yǔ)變化。如: He works as well as he can.
    8. either ... or 表示“既……又……;或……或……”。如: Either you or he is allowed to go there.
    9. neither ... nor 表示“既不……也不”。如:Neither you nor he speaks French.
    10. both ... and 表示“和;既……也”,主、謂、賓及表語(yǔ)是并列關(guān)系。
    如: I can play both football and basketball.
    (二)從屬連詞。
    1. after 表示時(shí)間,意為“在……之后”。如: After I finished school, I became a worker in the factory.
    2. although / though 表示讓步,意為“盡管”。如: Although she is young, she knows a lot.
    3. as 表示時(shí)間,意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”;表示方式,意為“像……”;表示原因,意為“由于;因?yàn)椤?;表示讓步,意為“盡管;雖然”。如: As it was late, we must go now.
    4. as soon as 表示時(shí)間,意為“一……就……”。如: I will phone you as soon as I come back.
    5. because 表示原因,意為“因?yàn)椤?。如?I have to stay in bed because I am ill.
    6. before 表示時(shí)間,意為“在……之前”。如:You should think more before you do it.
    7. if 作“假如”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如:What should I do next if the rain doesn't stop? if作“是否”解時(shí)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
    如: I don't know if he is coming back or not.
    8. since表示時(shí)間,意為“自從……以來(lái)”。如:He has been in this company since he left school. 表示原因,意為“既然;由于”。
    如: Since the job is dangerous, let's do it more carefully.
    9. so that 表示目的,意為“以便”。
    如: Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly. so ... that 表示結(jié)果,意為“如此……以至于”。
    如: He got up so late that he missed the bus.
    10. than 表示比較,意為“比”。如: Things were worse than we thought.
    11. unless 表示條件,意為“除非;如果不”。如: I will go to the zoo unless it rains.
    12. until / till 表示時(shí)間,意為“直到……為止”。如: I'll wait till he comes back.
    13. when表示時(shí)間,意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。如:When they got there, the train had left.
    14. whether表示讓步,意為“不管;無(wú)論;是否”。如: Whether she is ill or well, she is always happy.
    15. while 表示時(shí)間,意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候” 。
    如:While he was in Beijing , he visited the Great Wall. while表示讓步,意為“盡管;既然”。
    如: While I find the problems very difficult, I don't think they are unsoluable.