Table of contents
I. What is "intellectual property" 什么是知識產權
1. Definition of "intellectual property" "知識產權"定義
2. Types of intellectual property 知識產權類型
3. Major international conventions on intellectual property 主要的知識產權國際公約
4. Important terms related to intellectual property 與知識產權有關的術語
II. China's intellectual property 中國的知識產權
1. China's laws governing the intellectual property rights 中國知識產權法律
2. China's governmental authorities on the protection of IPR
中國負責知識產權的政府機構
III. Case Study about IPR—— Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act
案例——美國版權法第110節(jié)第5段
IV. TRIPS issues to be discussed in the new round of WTO negotiations
新一輪WTO談判所涉及的知識產權議題
I. What is "intellectual property" 什么是知識產權?
Definition of "intellectual property" "知識產權"定義
According to the WIPO (the World Intellectual Property organization), intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.
根據世界知識產權組織，知識產權指的是智力創(chuàng)造，包括：用于商業(yè)用途的發(fā)明、文學和藝術作品、標志、名稱、形象和設計。
Types of intellectual property 知識產權類型
According to the Trips Agreement, the term "intellectual property" refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of Trips Agreement. To be specific, the types of intellectual property are copyright and related rights; trademarks (including service marks); geographical indications; industrial designs; patents; layout-designs of integrated circuits; undisclosed information (including trade secrets).
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》，"知識產權"指的是該協(xié)定第二部分第1至7節(jié)所包括的有關知識產權的所有范疇。具體而言，知識產權類型包括：版權極其相關權利；商標（包括服務商標）；地理標識；工業(yè)設計；專利；集成電路布圖設計；未披露信息（包括商業(yè)秘密）。
2. Major international conventions on intellectual property 主要的知識產權國際公約
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property《保護工業(yè)產權的巴黎公約》
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works《保護文學和藝術作品的伯爾尼公約》
Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations《保護表演者、錄音制品制作者和廣播組織的羅馬公約》
4. Important terms related to intellectual property 與知識產權有關的術語
TRIPS協(xié)定中重要術語的解釋
Trademark商標
According to Article 15.1 of Trips Agreement, the term "trademark" refers to any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第15.1條，"商標"指的是能將一企業(yè)的貨物或服務區(qū)別于其它企業(yè)的貨物或服務的任何標記或任何標記組合。 Copyright版權
Copyright is a legal term describing rights given to creators for their literary and artistic works.
版權是指描述給予文學和藝術作品創(chuàng)造者的權利的法律術語。
The kinds of works covered by copyright include: literary works such as novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspapers and computer programs; databases; films, musical compositions, and choreography; artistic works such as paintings, drawings, photographs and sculpture; architecture; and advertisements, maps and technical drawings.
版權所包括的作品種類包括：文學作品，例如小說、詩歌、劇本、參考書目、報紙和電腦程序；數據庫；電影、音樂作品、舞蹈；藝術作品，例如繪畫、制圖、照片和雕塑；建筑；廣告、地圖和技術制圖。
rights related to copyright——neighboring rights與版權相關的權利——鄰接權
These related rights grew up around copyrighted works, and provide similar, although often more limited and of shorter duration, rights to:
performing artists (such as actors and musicians) in their performances;
producers of sound recordings (for example, cassette recordings and compact discs) in their recordings;
broadcasting organizations in their radio and television programs.
鄰接權產生于版權所有的作品，并提供相似的，雖然經常更有限的和為期更短的權利給：
在表演中的表演藝術家（例如演員和音樂家）；
在錄音制品中的錄音制品制作者（例如磁帶和CD）
在廣播組織的廣播和電視節(jié)目中的廣播組織。
Patents專利
According to the Article 27.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, the term of "patents" refers to any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第27.1條, 專利指的是在所有的科技領域中的任何發(fā)明，無論是產品還是程序，只要它們是新的、涉及一項發(fā)明性步驟、能夠供工業(yè)應用。
Well-known trademarks馳名商標
According to the Article 16.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, in determining whether a trademark is well-known, Members shall take account of the knowledge of the trademark in the relevant sector of the public, including knowledge in the Member concerned which has been obtained as a result of the promotion of the trademark.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第16.1條，在決定商標是否馳名，成員應當考慮在相關公共領域中對此商標的知識，包括有關成員在該商標推廣之后對此商標所獲得的知識。
工業(yè)設計Industrial Designs
An industrial design is the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color.
工業(yè)設計是一件物品的裝飾或美學層面。設計可以是三維特征，例如一件物品的外形或表面；或二維特征，例如式樣、線條或顏色。
Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft: from technical and medical instruments to watches, jewelry, and other luxury items; from housewares and electrical appliances to vehicles and architectural structures; from textile designs to leisure goods.
工業(yè)設計應用于從技術和醫(yī)學器械到手表、珠寶和其它奢侈品；從家用器皿和電器到交通工具和建筑結構；從紡織品設計到休閑用品的非常廣泛的工業(yè)品和手工藝品。
Geographical indications地理標識
According to the Article 22.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, the term of "geographical indications" refers to the indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第22.1條，"地理標識"指的是能表明一貨物來源于一成員領土或該領土內一地區(qū)或地方，該貨物的某種特征、名聲或其它特征本質上歸因于其地理來源。
I. What is "intellectual property" 什么是知識產權
1. Definition of "intellectual property" "知識產權"定義
2. Types of intellectual property 知識產權類型
3. Major international conventions on intellectual property 主要的知識產權國際公約
4. Important terms related to intellectual property 與知識產權有關的術語
II. China's intellectual property 中國的知識產權
1. China's laws governing the intellectual property rights 中國知識產權法律
2. China's governmental authorities on the protection of IPR
中國負責知識產權的政府機構
III. Case Study about IPR—— Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act
案例——美國版權法第110節(jié)第5段
IV. TRIPS issues to be discussed in the new round of WTO negotiations
新一輪WTO談判所涉及的知識產權議題
I. What is "intellectual property" 什么是知識產權?
Definition of "intellectual property" "知識產權"定義
According to the WIPO (the World Intellectual Property organization), intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.
根據世界知識產權組織，知識產權指的是智力創(chuàng)造，包括：用于商業(yè)用途的發(fā)明、文學和藝術作品、標志、名稱、形象和設計。
Types of intellectual property 知識產權類型
According to the Trips Agreement, the term "intellectual property" refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of Trips Agreement. To be specific, the types of intellectual property are copyright and related rights; trademarks (including service marks); geographical indications; industrial designs; patents; layout-designs of integrated circuits; undisclosed information (including trade secrets).
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》，"知識產權"指的是該協(xié)定第二部分第1至7節(jié)所包括的有關知識產權的所有范疇。具體而言，知識產權類型包括：版權極其相關權利；商標（包括服務商標）；地理標識；工業(yè)設計；專利；集成電路布圖設計；未披露信息（包括商業(yè)秘密）。
2. Major international conventions on intellectual property 主要的知識產權國際公約
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property《保護工業(yè)產權的巴黎公約》
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works《保護文學和藝術作品的伯爾尼公約》
Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations《保護表演者、錄音制品制作者和廣播組織的羅馬公約》
4. Important terms related to intellectual property 與知識產權有關的術語
TRIPS協(xié)定中重要術語的解釋
Trademark商標
According to Article 15.1 of Trips Agreement, the term "trademark" refers to any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第15.1條，"商標"指的是能將一企業(yè)的貨物或服務區(qū)別于其它企業(yè)的貨物或服務的任何標記或任何標記組合。 Copyright版權
Copyright is a legal term describing rights given to creators for their literary and artistic works.
版權是指描述給予文學和藝術作品創(chuàng)造者的權利的法律術語。
The kinds of works covered by copyright include: literary works such as novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspapers and computer programs; databases; films, musical compositions, and choreography; artistic works such as paintings, drawings, photographs and sculpture; architecture; and advertisements, maps and technical drawings.
版權所包括的作品種類包括：文學作品，例如小說、詩歌、劇本、參考書目、報紙和電腦程序；數據庫；電影、音樂作品、舞蹈；藝術作品，例如繪畫、制圖、照片和雕塑；建筑；廣告、地圖和技術制圖。
rights related to copyright——neighboring rights與版權相關的權利——鄰接權
These related rights grew up around copyrighted works, and provide similar, although often more limited and of shorter duration, rights to:
performing artists (such as actors and musicians) in their performances;
producers of sound recordings (for example, cassette recordings and compact discs) in their recordings;
broadcasting organizations in their radio and television programs.
鄰接權產生于版權所有的作品，并提供相似的，雖然經常更有限的和為期更短的權利給：
在表演中的表演藝術家（例如演員和音樂家）；
在錄音制品中的錄音制品制作者（例如磁帶和CD）
在廣播組織的廣播和電視節(jié)目中的廣播組織。
Patents專利
According to the Article 27.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, the term of "patents" refers to any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第27.1條, 專利指的是在所有的科技領域中的任何發(fā)明，無論是產品還是程序，只要它們是新的、涉及一項發(fā)明性步驟、能夠供工業(yè)應用。
Well-known trademarks馳名商標
According to the Article 16.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, in determining whether a trademark is well-known, Members shall take account of the knowledge of the trademark in the relevant sector of the public, including knowledge in the Member concerned which has been obtained as a result of the promotion of the trademark.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第16.1條，在決定商標是否馳名，成員應當考慮在相關公共領域中對此商標的知識，包括有關成員在該商標推廣之后對此商標所獲得的知識。
工業(yè)設計Industrial Designs
An industrial design is the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color.
工業(yè)設計是一件物品的裝飾或美學層面。設計可以是三維特征，例如一件物品的外形或表面；或二維特征，例如式樣、線條或顏色。
Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft: from technical and medical instruments to watches, jewelry, and other luxury items; from housewares and electrical appliances to vehicles and architectural structures; from textile designs to leisure goods.
工業(yè)設計應用于從技術和醫(yī)學器械到手表、珠寶和其它奢侈品；從家用器皿和電器到交通工具和建筑結構；從紡織品設計到休閑用品的非常廣泛的工業(yè)品和手工藝品。
Geographical indications地理標識
According to the Article 22.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, the term of "geographical indications" refers to the indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協(xié)定》第22.1條，"地理標識"指的是能表明一貨物來源于一成員領土或該領土內一地區(qū)或地方，該貨物的某種特征、名聲或其它特征本質上歸因于其地理來源。