亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織（APEC）
APEC應(yīng)該成為具有鮮明亞太地區(qū)特色的經(jīng)濟合作組織，即要推動貿(mào)易投資自由化，又要開展經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作；即以自主自愿行動為基礎(chǔ)，又有經(jīng)過適當協(xié)調(diào)的集體行動；既努力尋求共同利益，又尊重不同成員的各自利益；既對區(qū)域內(nèi)開放，又對區(qū)域外開放。
——江澤民
編者按-此欄目以中英文對照的形式，向大家介紹國際經(jīng)貿(mào)中出現(xiàn)的一些熱點的背景知識。本期介紹一下亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織。
一、 亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織ABC
1. 什么是APEC？
根據(jù)英文直譯，APEC意為Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation（亞太經(jīng)濟合作）?？梢俏覀冞@樣稱呼她，總覺得有些便扭。那么該怎樣稱呼她呢？是叫亞太經(jīng)合組織、亞太經(jīng)合會、還是叫論壇？國內(nèi)最開始時，對APEC的稱呼是有些混亂的。但到了92年，考慮到APEC設(shè)立了秘書處，開始了某種機制化的進程，我國外交部經(jīng)商國內(nèi)主要協(xié)作部門后，將APEC定名為"亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織"。
但APEC秘書處出版的"APEC Brochure 2001"，首段就將APEC定位為區(qū)域論壇。另外，中國前任APEC高官王隅生（音同）在其所著《一個中國高官的體察》一書中稱，"嚴格說來，根據(jù)APEC成立時的宗旨和性質(zhì)，它只是一個具有實質(zhì)內(nèi)容的官方論壇，而不是具有約束性的組?quot;。
2. APEC的目標
Blake Island, 1993
APEC Economic Leaders met for the first time in November, 1993, when they held informal discussions at Blake Island near Seattle. They envisioned a community of Asia-Pacific economies, based on the spirit of openness and partnership; which would make cooperative efforts to address the challenges of: change; promote the free exchange of goods, services and investment; and work towards broadly-based economic growth, higher living and educational standards and sustainable growth that respects the natural environment.
1993年西雅圖布萊克島
1993年APEC經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在布萊克島首次聚會，設(shè)想建立一個基于開放態(tài)度和伙伴精神的、由亞太各經(jīng)濟體共同組成的大家庭；大家共同努力，解決變革中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)；促進貨物、服務(wù)和投資的自由流動；努力實現(xiàn)更大范圍的經(jīng)濟增長、提高生活和教育水平，并在保護自然環(huán)境的同時實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長。
In subsequent annual meetings, APEC Ministers and Leaders further refined this vision and launched mechanisms to translate it into action. In 1994 in Bogor, the vision of an open trading system became the very ambitious goal of "free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for developed member economies and 2020 for developing ones".
1994年茂物
經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人建立了雄心勃勃的茂物計劃，即：在亞太范圍內(nèi)，發(fā)達成員在2010年前實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易投資自由化，發(fā)展中成員在2020年前實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易投資自由化。
Osaka, 1995
In Osaka, APEC Leaders adopted the Osaka Action Agenda （OAA）, which firmly established the three pillars of APEC activities: trade and investment liberalization, business facilitation, and economic and technical cooperation.
1995年日本大阪
APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人接受大阪行動綱領(lǐng)，建立起APEC的三大支柱：貿(mào)易投資自由化、商業(yè)便利化以及經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作。
Manila, 1996
The Manila Action Plan for APEC （MAPA）, adopted by the APEC Leaders in November 1996, compiled members' initial individual action plans to achieve the objectives outlined in Bogor. APEC Leaders also instructed that high priority be given to the following six areas of economic and technical cooperation: developing human capital; fostering safe and efficient capital markets; strengthening economic infrastructure; harnessing technologies of the future; promoting environmentally sustainable growth; and encouraging the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises.
1996年馬尼拉
將各國的單邊行動計劃匯總，形成并通過馬尼拉行動計劃，來落實茂物目標。此外，各經(jīng)濟體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還確認了六大優(yōu)先發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域：發(fā)展人力資本、培育安全有效的資本市場、加強經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、利用未來技術(shù)、促進保護環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展、鼓勵中小企業(yè)成長。
Vancouver, 1997
In Vancouver APEC Leaders recognized members' efforts to improve the commitments in their Individual Action Plans （IAPs） and reaffirmed their intention to update these annually. APEC Leaders endorsed their Ministers' agreement that action should be taken with respect to early voluntary sectoral liberalization （EVSL） in 15 sectors, with nine to be advanced throughout 1998 and implementation to begin in 1999.
1997年溫哥華
在溫哥華，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認識到各成員為促進各自單邊行動計劃中所作的承諾，做出了努力；并重申他們每年都會做出新的努力。此外，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意部長會議上所達成的協(xié)議，即：各成員應(yīng)采取行動實現(xiàn)部門自愿提前自由化，其中9個部門的提前自由化于1998年推動，1999年開始實施。
1997年下半年開始爆發(fā)亞洲金融危機
Kuala Lumpur, 1998
In Kuala Lumpur APEC Leaders reaffirmed their confidence in the strong economic fundamentals and prospects for recovery of the economies of the Asia-Pacific. They agreed to pursue a cooperative growth strategy to end the financial crisis. They pledged efforts to strengthen: social safety nets; financial systems; trade and investment flows; the scientific and technological base; human resources development; economic infrastructure; and business and commercial links, so as to provide the base and set the pace for sustained growth into the 21st century. APEC Leaders also welcomed the Ministers' decision to seek an EVSL agreement with non-APEC members at the World Trade Organisation.
1998年吉隆坡
在吉隆坡，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重申他們對于亞太地區(qū)雄厚的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)及經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇前景的信心。他們同意采取一項通過合作促進增長的戰(zhàn)略，來結(jié)束亞洲金融危機。他們承諾做出努力來加強以下方面：社會保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)、金融體系、貿(mào)易投資流動、科技基礎(chǔ)、人力資源發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、商業(yè)聯(lián)系，以此來打下基礎(chǔ)，邁出步伐，實現(xiàn)21世紀的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也歡迎部長們做出的決定，即：在世界貿(mào)易組織那里與非APEC成員一起尋求部門自愿提前自由化。
Auckland, 1999
At their meeting in September 1999 in Auckland, APEC Leaders agreed that the performance and prospects of the APEC economies had improved, but they were not complacent about the risks to recovery. Accordingly they pledged to strengthen markets and improve the international framework governing trade and investment flows. APEC Leaders also put people and their prosperity at the forefront of their discussions, welcoming the more active participation of women and the business sector in APEC's work.
1999年奧克蘭
在1999年9月奧克蘭首腦會議上，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一致認為，APEC各經(jīng)濟體的表現(xiàn)和前景都有所改善，但任重而道遠。因此，他們承諾加強市場，改善貿(mào)易投資流動的國際框架。此外，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還討論了以人為本的問題，歡迎婦女更多的參與APEC的商業(yè)活動。
Bandar Seri Begawan，2000
With the emerging signs of economic recovery in the region, APEC Economic Leaders, in their meeting in Bandar Seri Begawan in November 2000, mapped out ways of preserving, strengthening and further opening markets as well as sustaining economic recovery in APEC. Aiming to deliver on the various agreements, to the people and the diverse communities that APEC serves, they decided to address the challenges of the New Economy in the following areas:
Managing Globalization.
The Action Agenda for the New Economy.
Creating New Opportunities.
Strengthening the Multilateral Trading System.
Making APEC Matter More.
2000年斯里巴加灣
隨著本地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的跡象，APEC經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在2000年11月斯里巴加灣會議上制訂了辦法，來維護、加強、促進市場的開放，實現(xiàn)亞太經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇。他們還決定通過以下方法來應(yīng)對新經(jīng)濟的挑戰(zhàn)：
管理全球化
制定新經(jīng)濟行動計劃
創(chuàng)造新機遇
加強多邊貿(mào)易體系
讓APEC更有份量
二、 中國與APEC
I. Background of APEC this year
In terms of the global economic and trade climate, two major scenarios distinguish the APEC meetings of this year. One is that some of the major members have suffered economic slowdown such as the United States and Japan; and the other is whether to launch a new round of WTO talks this year, remains uncertain. Given that, this year's APEC meetings are focused on the following two issues:
1. Strengthening the cooperation between and among the APEC members in the face of potential economic slowdown for confidence rebuilding;
2. Furthering the liberalization and facilitation process of trade and investment and supporting the development of the multilateral trading system by pushing forward a new round of WTO talks at an earlier date.
I.背景
今年舉辦APEC會議，就全球經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易環(huán)境來說，主要面臨兩個大背景，一個是一些主要成員經(jīng)濟增長速度減緩，如：美國、日本等成員均出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟減速的問題；另一個是WTO能否在今年啟動新一輪談判問題。因此，今年的APEC會議將主要側(cè)重于以下兩個方面：
1. 加強APEC之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟衰退，重樹信心；
2. 繼續(xù)推進APEC貿(mào)易投資自由化和便利化進程，支持多邊貿(mào)易體制發(fā)展，推動WTO盡早啟動新一輪談判。
II. Themes and Agenda of APEC meetings
By analyzing the objective environment and practical needs that APEC is facing, and condensing the ideas from various parties, we have agreed upon the theme of APEC 2001 as "Meeting New Challenges in the New Century: Achieving Common Prosperity through Participation and Cooperation". This theme was mainly aimed at guiding the APEC members towards the 21st century and against the backdrop of the economic globalization and New Economy, seeking favorable positions, exploring new opportunities and enhancing cooperation for the common prosperity. Following this way of thinking and considering the present APEC cooperative framework, we worked out three sub-themes, which are:
1. Making all APEC members benefit from the globalization and New Economy by promoting capacity building and exploring future opportunities;
2. Advancing Trade and Investment for the establishment of a more reasonable multilateral trading system;
3.Creating a favorable macro-environment for the sustainable economic development in Asia and Pacific.
APEC應(yīng)該成為具有鮮明亞太地區(qū)特色的經(jīng)濟合作組織，即要推動貿(mào)易投資自由化，又要開展經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作；即以自主自愿行動為基礎(chǔ)，又有經(jīng)過適當協(xié)調(diào)的集體行動；既努力尋求共同利益，又尊重不同成員的各自利益；既對區(qū)域內(nèi)開放，又對區(qū)域外開放。
——江澤民
編者按-此欄目以中英文對照的形式，向大家介紹國際經(jīng)貿(mào)中出現(xiàn)的一些熱點的背景知識。本期介紹一下亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織。
一、 亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織ABC
1. 什么是APEC？
根據(jù)英文直譯，APEC意為Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation（亞太經(jīng)濟合作）?？梢俏覀冞@樣稱呼她，總覺得有些便扭。那么該怎樣稱呼她呢？是叫亞太經(jīng)合組織、亞太經(jīng)合會、還是叫論壇？國內(nèi)最開始時，對APEC的稱呼是有些混亂的。但到了92年，考慮到APEC設(shè)立了秘書處，開始了某種機制化的進程，我國外交部經(jīng)商國內(nèi)主要協(xié)作部門后，將APEC定名為"亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織"。
但APEC秘書處出版的"APEC Brochure 2001"，首段就將APEC定位為區(qū)域論壇。另外，中國前任APEC高官王隅生（音同）在其所著《一個中國高官的體察》一書中稱，"嚴格說來，根據(jù)APEC成立時的宗旨和性質(zhì)，它只是一個具有實質(zhì)內(nèi)容的官方論壇，而不是具有約束性的組?quot;。
2. APEC的目標
Blake Island, 1993
APEC Economic Leaders met for the first time in November, 1993, when they held informal discussions at Blake Island near Seattle. They envisioned a community of Asia-Pacific economies, based on the spirit of openness and partnership; which would make cooperative efforts to address the challenges of: change; promote the free exchange of goods, services and investment; and work towards broadly-based economic growth, higher living and educational standards and sustainable growth that respects the natural environment.
1993年西雅圖布萊克島
1993年APEC經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在布萊克島首次聚會，設(shè)想建立一個基于開放態(tài)度和伙伴精神的、由亞太各經(jīng)濟體共同組成的大家庭；大家共同努力，解決變革中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)；促進貨物、服務(wù)和投資的自由流動；努力實現(xiàn)更大范圍的經(jīng)濟增長、提高生活和教育水平，并在保護自然環(huán)境的同時實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長。
In subsequent annual meetings, APEC Ministers and Leaders further refined this vision and launched mechanisms to translate it into action. In 1994 in Bogor, the vision of an open trading system became the very ambitious goal of "free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for developed member economies and 2020 for developing ones".
1994年茂物
經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人建立了雄心勃勃的茂物計劃，即：在亞太范圍內(nèi)，發(fā)達成員在2010年前實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易投資自由化，發(fā)展中成員在2020年前實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易投資自由化。
Osaka, 1995
In Osaka, APEC Leaders adopted the Osaka Action Agenda （OAA）, which firmly established the three pillars of APEC activities: trade and investment liberalization, business facilitation, and economic and technical cooperation.
1995年日本大阪
APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人接受大阪行動綱領(lǐng)，建立起APEC的三大支柱：貿(mào)易投資自由化、商業(yè)便利化以及經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作。
Manila, 1996
The Manila Action Plan for APEC （MAPA）, adopted by the APEC Leaders in November 1996, compiled members' initial individual action plans to achieve the objectives outlined in Bogor. APEC Leaders also instructed that high priority be given to the following six areas of economic and technical cooperation: developing human capital; fostering safe and efficient capital markets; strengthening economic infrastructure; harnessing technologies of the future; promoting environmentally sustainable growth; and encouraging the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises.
1996年馬尼拉
將各國的單邊行動計劃匯總，形成并通過馬尼拉行動計劃，來落實茂物目標。此外，各經(jīng)濟體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還確認了六大優(yōu)先發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域：發(fā)展人力資本、培育安全有效的資本市場、加強經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、利用未來技術(shù)、促進保護環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展、鼓勵中小企業(yè)成長。
Vancouver, 1997
In Vancouver APEC Leaders recognized members' efforts to improve the commitments in their Individual Action Plans （IAPs） and reaffirmed their intention to update these annually. APEC Leaders endorsed their Ministers' agreement that action should be taken with respect to early voluntary sectoral liberalization （EVSL） in 15 sectors, with nine to be advanced throughout 1998 and implementation to begin in 1999.
1997年溫哥華
在溫哥華，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認識到各成員為促進各自單邊行動計劃中所作的承諾，做出了努力；并重申他們每年都會做出新的努力。此外，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意部長會議上所達成的協(xié)議，即：各成員應(yīng)采取行動實現(xiàn)部門自愿提前自由化，其中9個部門的提前自由化于1998年推動，1999年開始實施。
1997年下半年開始爆發(fā)亞洲金融危機
Kuala Lumpur, 1998
In Kuala Lumpur APEC Leaders reaffirmed their confidence in the strong economic fundamentals and prospects for recovery of the economies of the Asia-Pacific. They agreed to pursue a cooperative growth strategy to end the financial crisis. They pledged efforts to strengthen: social safety nets; financial systems; trade and investment flows; the scientific and technological base; human resources development; economic infrastructure; and business and commercial links, so as to provide the base and set the pace for sustained growth into the 21st century. APEC Leaders also welcomed the Ministers' decision to seek an EVSL agreement with non-APEC members at the World Trade Organisation.
1998年吉隆坡
在吉隆坡，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重申他們對于亞太地區(qū)雄厚的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)及經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇前景的信心。他們同意采取一項通過合作促進增長的戰(zhàn)略，來結(jié)束亞洲金融危機。他們承諾做出努力來加強以下方面：社會保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)、金融體系、貿(mào)易投資流動、科技基礎(chǔ)、人力資源發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、商業(yè)聯(lián)系，以此來打下基礎(chǔ)，邁出步伐，實現(xiàn)21世紀的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也歡迎部長們做出的決定，即：在世界貿(mào)易組織那里與非APEC成員一起尋求部門自愿提前自由化。
Auckland, 1999
At their meeting in September 1999 in Auckland, APEC Leaders agreed that the performance and prospects of the APEC economies had improved, but they were not complacent about the risks to recovery. Accordingly they pledged to strengthen markets and improve the international framework governing trade and investment flows. APEC Leaders also put people and their prosperity at the forefront of their discussions, welcoming the more active participation of women and the business sector in APEC's work.
1999年奧克蘭
在1999年9月奧克蘭首腦會議上，APEC領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一致認為，APEC各經(jīng)濟體的表現(xiàn)和前景都有所改善，但任重而道遠。因此，他們承諾加強市場，改善貿(mào)易投資流動的國際框架。此外，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還討論了以人為本的問題，歡迎婦女更多的參與APEC的商業(yè)活動。
Bandar Seri Begawan，2000
With the emerging signs of economic recovery in the region, APEC Economic Leaders, in their meeting in Bandar Seri Begawan in November 2000, mapped out ways of preserving, strengthening and further opening markets as well as sustaining economic recovery in APEC. Aiming to deliver on the various agreements, to the people and the diverse communities that APEC serves, they decided to address the challenges of the New Economy in the following areas:
Managing Globalization.
The Action Agenda for the New Economy.
Creating New Opportunities.
Strengthening the Multilateral Trading System.
Making APEC Matter More.
2000年斯里巴加灣
隨著本地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的跡象，APEC經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在2000年11月斯里巴加灣會議上制訂了辦法，來維護、加強、促進市場的開放，實現(xiàn)亞太經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇。他們還決定通過以下方法來應(yīng)對新經(jīng)濟的挑戰(zhàn)：
管理全球化
制定新經(jīng)濟行動計劃
創(chuàng)造新機遇
加強多邊貿(mào)易體系
讓APEC更有份量
二、 中國與APEC
I. Background of APEC this year
In terms of the global economic and trade climate, two major scenarios distinguish the APEC meetings of this year. One is that some of the major members have suffered economic slowdown such as the United States and Japan; and the other is whether to launch a new round of WTO talks this year, remains uncertain. Given that, this year's APEC meetings are focused on the following two issues:
1. Strengthening the cooperation between and among the APEC members in the face of potential economic slowdown for confidence rebuilding;
2. Furthering the liberalization and facilitation process of trade and investment and supporting the development of the multilateral trading system by pushing forward a new round of WTO talks at an earlier date.
I.背景
今年舉辦APEC會議，就全球經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易環(huán)境來說，主要面臨兩個大背景，一個是一些主要成員經(jīng)濟增長速度減緩，如：美國、日本等成員均出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟減速的問題；另一個是WTO能否在今年啟動新一輪談判問題。因此，今年的APEC會議將主要側(cè)重于以下兩個方面：
1. 加強APEC之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟衰退，重樹信心；
2. 繼續(xù)推進APEC貿(mào)易投資自由化和便利化進程，支持多邊貿(mào)易體制發(fā)展，推動WTO盡早啟動新一輪談判。
II. Themes and Agenda of APEC meetings
By analyzing the objective environment and practical needs that APEC is facing, and condensing the ideas from various parties, we have agreed upon the theme of APEC 2001 as "Meeting New Challenges in the New Century: Achieving Common Prosperity through Participation and Cooperation". This theme was mainly aimed at guiding the APEC members towards the 21st century and against the backdrop of the economic globalization and New Economy, seeking favorable positions, exploring new opportunities and enhancing cooperation for the common prosperity. Following this way of thinking and considering the present APEC cooperative framework, we worked out three sub-themes, which are:
1. Making all APEC members benefit from the globalization and New Economy by promoting capacity building and exploring future opportunities;
2. Advancing Trade and Investment for the establishment of a more reasonable multilateral trading system;
3.Creating a favorable macro-environment for the sustainable economic development in Asia and Pacific.