Viewed from the perspective of where the communication heads for, business writing falls into two major categories: internal communication and external communication.
Internal Communication A host of methods are employed in most organizations to transmit information through the formal communication system. They move downward, upward, or horizontally. The messages that move downward in most cases outnumber those moving upward or horizontally. Downward communications, often in the form of memos, can perform the following functions.
1. To inform the employees of their duties, responsibilities, rights, and opportunities.
2. To build up and maintain employee morale and goodwill toward the organization and management personnel.
3. To keep the routine and special activities of the organization moving smoothly and efficiently.
4. To invite and encourage upward communication, or feedback.
One of fundamental purposes for upward communication is to provide information for management decisions. The upward flow of communication, often in the form of reports, furnishes information and recommendations on which intelligent decisions are made. Horizontal communication occurs when employees who are on the sane corporate level communicate with one another. Marketing manager's exchange of message with his/her counterpart in the production department is an example of horizontal communication.
External Communication Writings whose addressees are people outside the business organization belong to external communications. It is the business's ties with its suppliers, customers, service companies, and the general public.
The importance of effective external communication to business hardly requires supporting comment. A business organization's survival and success are contingent upon its ability to satisfy the customers' diversifying needs. Equally important, in today's complex business settings, businesses become increasingly interdependent in the manufacturing and distribution of goods and services. And this interdependence understandably gives rise to the need for effective communications.
中文參考：
從交流的對(duì)象來看，商務(wù)寫作可以分為兩種：內(nèi)部交流和外部交流。
內(nèi)部交流 大部分組織都會(huì)采取很多辦法通過正式的交流系統(tǒng)來傳達(dá)信息。他們從上到下，從下到上，或者水平的傳達(dá)。多數(shù)情況下都是從上到下傳達(dá)的信息，通常采取備忘錄的方式，可以起到以下作用：
1. 通知員工他們的職責(zé)，責(zé)任，權(quán)利和機(jī)會(huì)。
2. 建立和保持員工士氣，傳達(dá)組織者和管理人員的善意。
3. 使得組織紀(jì)律和特殊活動(dòng)平穩(wěn)有效地進(jìn)行。
4. 引起和鼓勵(lì)從下往上的交流，或者反饋。
向上交流的一個(gè)基本目的就是向管理者提供信息，以便更好地作出決定。從下往上的交流，通常以報(bào)告的形式出現(xiàn)，提供作出明智決定的信息和建議。水平的交流發(fā)生在那些在共同水平下的職工之間。市場經(jīng)理和他同等地位的產(chǎn)品部經(jīng)理交流信息就是一個(gè)典型的水平交流。
外部交流 寫給公司外部人的文件都可以叫做外部交流。和他們的供應(yīng)商，顧客，服務(wù)公司以及一般公眾這都是一種商業(yè)聯(lián)系。
企業(yè)組織的生存和成功與否要看他能夠滿足消費(fèi)者多樣化需求的能力有多強(qiáng)。同樣重要的是，在當(dāng)今復(fù)雜的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)中，商業(yè)在貨物和服務(wù)的制造和分配中日漸相互依賴。而這種依賴已經(jīng)可理解地向有效的交流讓步
Internal Communication A host of methods are employed in most organizations to transmit information through the formal communication system. They move downward, upward, or horizontally. The messages that move downward in most cases outnumber those moving upward or horizontally. Downward communications, often in the form of memos, can perform the following functions.
1. To inform the employees of their duties, responsibilities, rights, and opportunities.
2. To build up and maintain employee morale and goodwill toward the organization and management personnel.
3. To keep the routine and special activities of the organization moving smoothly and efficiently.
4. To invite and encourage upward communication, or feedback.
One of fundamental purposes for upward communication is to provide information for management decisions. The upward flow of communication, often in the form of reports, furnishes information and recommendations on which intelligent decisions are made. Horizontal communication occurs when employees who are on the sane corporate level communicate with one another. Marketing manager's exchange of message with his/her counterpart in the production department is an example of horizontal communication.
External Communication Writings whose addressees are people outside the business organization belong to external communications. It is the business's ties with its suppliers, customers, service companies, and the general public.
The importance of effective external communication to business hardly requires supporting comment. A business organization's survival and success are contingent upon its ability to satisfy the customers' diversifying needs. Equally important, in today's complex business settings, businesses become increasingly interdependent in the manufacturing and distribution of goods and services. And this interdependence understandably gives rise to the need for effective communications.
中文參考：
從交流的對(duì)象來看，商務(wù)寫作可以分為兩種：內(nèi)部交流和外部交流。
內(nèi)部交流 大部分組織都會(huì)采取很多辦法通過正式的交流系統(tǒng)來傳達(dá)信息。他們從上到下，從下到上，或者水平的傳達(dá)。多數(shù)情況下都是從上到下傳達(dá)的信息，通常采取備忘錄的方式，可以起到以下作用：
1. 通知員工他們的職責(zé)，責(zé)任，權(quán)利和機(jī)會(huì)。
2. 建立和保持員工士氣，傳達(dá)組織者和管理人員的善意。
3. 使得組織紀(jì)律和特殊活動(dòng)平穩(wěn)有效地進(jìn)行。
4. 引起和鼓勵(lì)從下往上的交流，或者反饋。
向上交流的一個(gè)基本目的就是向管理者提供信息，以便更好地作出決定。從下往上的交流，通常以報(bào)告的形式出現(xiàn)，提供作出明智決定的信息和建議。水平的交流發(fā)生在那些在共同水平下的職工之間。市場經(jīng)理和他同等地位的產(chǎn)品部經(jīng)理交流信息就是一個(gè)典型的水平交流。
外部交流 寫給公司外部人的文件都可以叫做外部交流。和他們的供應(yīng)商，顧客，服務(wù)公司以及一般公眾這都是一種商業(yè)聯(lián)系。
企業(yè)組織的生存和成功與否要看他能夠滿足消費(fèi)者多樣化需求的能力有多強(qiáng)。同樣重要的是，在當(dāng)今復(fù)雜的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)中，商業(yè)在貨物和服務(wù)的制造和分配中日漸相互依賴。而這種依賴已經(jīng)可理解地向有效的交流讓步