34. “All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”
“所有的市民都應該被要求完成一定量的公共服務。這樣的服務將不但從整體上給國家?guī)砗锰?，也能給個人的參與者帶來好處?！?BR> 1. 比起專業(yè)的公共服務組織，所有的公民都完成一定的公共服務顯得比較低效率。因為我們是在一個高度專業(yè)化分工十分明晰的社會，放棄專業(yè)的公共服務組織而采取強制性的公民義務形式的服務會使得效率十分低下，而且也會讓大多數 人不滿，畢竟每個人都有自己的職業(yè)和愛好。
2. 管理成本的高昂也是該計劃難以貫徹的一個原因。這項決定潛在上要求了要有人監(jiān)督每個公民是否履行了自己的義務，也要有人給每個公民分配任務.
3. 誠然就象作者所說的那樣確實會從整體上給國家?guī)硪欢ǖ暮锰?，同時給每個參與的人提供和更多人交流等機會，但是在權衡利弊之后尤其是在和專業(yè)化組織對比之后還是得不償失的be not worth the candle mandatory compulsory ...be weighed against ...
individual compliance enforcement nullify stifle incompetence competent tantamount to 等價 insofar as...
1. 對于國家和社會的好處：首先，強制性mandatory social work可以增加人力資源——因為social work的wage比較低，所以在非強制的情況下，只有少數人愿意參加，這樣導致了人員的不足；廣泛的參與extensive participation可以引起大家的重視——激發(fā)人們更加愛護公共設施,從而降低整個expense on the maintaining. 因為公共設施becomes a aggregation of the hard work of all the citizens. 人們不付出努力,就不會珍惜
2. 對參與者的好處: The principal thing in this world is to keep one’s soul aloft. Flaubert（the great novelist）公共服務可以使人們更加意識到自己的社會責任感duty, 也同時有益于平時的工作; 可以增加人與人的交流, 在完全沒有壓力的環(huán)境下, 心靈得到放松.
3. 當然, 完全強制有可能引起stimulate抵觸emotion of repellence, 也要注意方法,同時不要影響正常的工作.
View1: public service, a main approach to show social responsibilities, benefits both the county and the participants.
View2: When becomes a burden and stress to the participants, public service harm not only individual performers but also entire society. Cost of enforcement, reduction of efficiency , increase of abhorrence.
The potential benefits of mandatory public service must be weighed against administrative problems and concerns about individual liberty. On balance (adv. 總而言之), the costs to a nation and to the participants would probably exceed the benefits.
Admittedly, a colorable (adj.似是而非的) argument can be made for mandatory public service. It would help alleviate “free-rider” problems, where those who do not contribute benefit from the efforts of those who do. It would mitigate pressing social problems—with education, public health and safety, and the environment. It might instill in participants a sense of civic duty, community, and individual responsibility. Finally, it has worked on a smaller scale, particularly in urban areas, where renewal projects succeed in making communities safer, healthier, and more prosperous.
Far more compelling, however, are the arguments against mandatory public service. First, who would make assignments and decide what projects are worthwhile, and how would compliance be assured? Resolving enforcement issues would require government control, in turn requiring increased taxes and/or cuts in other social programs, thereby nullifying the benefits of mandatory public service. Second, a mandatory system would open the floodgates to incompetence and inexperience. Finally, the whole notion seems tantamount to Communism insofar as each citizen must contribute, according to his or her ability, to a strong state. Modern history informs us that such systems do not work. One could argue that mandatory public service is simply a tax in the form of labor rather than dollars. However, compulsory labor smacks (v. 帶有..風味) of involuntary servitude, whereas financial taxes do not.
In conclusion, logistical and philosophical barriers to mandating public service outweigh its potential benefits for the nation as well as for participants.
“所有的市民都應該被要求完成一定量的公共服務。這樣的服務將不但從整體上給國家?guī)砗锰?，也能給個人的參與者帶來好處?！?BR> 1. 比起專業(yè)的公共服務組織，所有的公民都完成一定的公共服務顯得比較低效率。因為我們是在一個高度專業(yè)化分工十分明晰的社會，放棄專業(yè)的公共服務組織而采取強制性的公民義務形式的服務會使得效率十分低下，而且也會讓大多數 人不滿，畢竟每個人都有自己的職業(yè)和愛好。
2. 管理成本的高昂也是該計劃難以貫徹的一個原因。這項決定潛在上要求了要有人監(jiān)督每個公民是否履行了自己的義務，也要有人給每個公民分配任務.
3. 誠然就象作者所說的那樣確實會從整體上給國家?guī)硪欢ǖ暮锰?，同時給每個參與的人提供和更多人交流等機會，但是在權衡利弊之后尤其是在和專業(yè)化組織對比之后還是得不償失的be not worth the candle mandatory compulsory ...be weighed against ...
individual compliance enforcement nullify stifle incompetence competent tantamount to 等價 insofar as...
1. 對于國家和社會的好處：首先，強制性mandatory social work可以增加人力資源——因為social work的wage比較低，所以在非強制的情況下，只有少數人愿意參加，這樣導致了人員的不足；廣泛的參與extensive participation可以引起大家的重視——激發(fā)人們更加愛護公共設施,從而降低整個expense on the maintaining. 因為公共設施becomes a aggregation of the hard work of all the citizens. 人們不付出努力,就不會珍惜
2. 對參與者的好處: The principal thing in this world is to keep one’s soul aloft. Flaubert（the great novelist）公共服務可以使人們更加意識到自己的社會責任感duty, 也同時有益于平時的工作; 可以增加人與人的交流, 在完全沒有壓力的環(huán)境下, 心靈得到放松.
3. 當然, 完全強制有可能引起stimulate抵觸emotion of repellence, 也要注意方法,同時不要影響正常的工作.
View1: public service, a main approach to show social responsibilities, benefits both the county and the participants.
View2: When becomes a burden and stress to the participants, public service harm not only individual performers but also entire society. Cost of enforcement, reduction of efficiency , increase of abhorrence.
The potential benefits of mandatory public service must be weighed against administrative problems and concerns about individual liberty. On balance (adv. 總而言之), the costs to a nation and to the participants would probably exceed the benefits.
Admittedly, a colorable (adj.似是而非的) argument can be made for mandatory public service. It would help alleviate “free-rider” problems, where those who do not contribute benefit from the efforts of those who do. It would mitigate pressing social problems—with education, public health and safety, and the environment. It might instill in participants a sense of civic duty, community, and individual responsibility. Finally, it has worked on a smaller scale, particularly in urban areas, where renewal projects succeed in making communities safer, healthier, and more prosperous.
Far more compelling, however, are the arguments against mandatory public service. First, who would make assignments and decide what projects are worthwhile, and how would compliance be assured? Resolving enforcement issues would require government control, in turn requiring increased taxes and/or cuts in other social programs, thereby nullifying the benefits of mandatory public service. Second, a mandatory system would open the floodgates to incompetence and inexperience. Finally, the whole notion seems tantamount to Communism insofar as each citizen must contribute, according to his or her ability, to a strong state. Modern history informs us that such systems do not work. One could argue that mandatory public service is simply a tax in the form of labor rather than dollars. However, compulsory labor smacks (v. 帶有..風味) of involuntary servitude, whereas financial taxes do not.
In conclusion, logistical and philosophical barriers to mandating public service outweigh its potential benefits for the nation as well as for participants.