LESSON 59 IN OR OUT
1.spend表示“在……上花時(shí)間”時(shí)，后面如果跟名詞則用介詞on;如果跟動(dòng)名詞則用介詞in（在口語中in往往省略）：
Why don’t you spend more time on studies?
你為什么不在學(xué)習(xí)上再多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間呢？
I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
我花了兩星期的時(shí)間讀這本書。
2.expert表示“做/干……的專家/高手”時(shí)后面通常用 at doing sth.;表示在某一領(lǐng)域是“專家”、“權(quán)威”時(shí)可用介詞in或on:
John is an expert at driving a car.
約翰是開車高手。
She is an expert in flowers.
她是花卉方面的專家。
Sam is an expert on that problem.
薩姆是研究那個(gè)問題的權(quán)威。
3.表示目的的幾種方式：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that
（1）帶to的不定式及其變體in order to和so as to 可以用來表示目的：
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
我去法國居住，以便學(xué)習(xí)法語。
not to可以用于表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
我去法國不是為了學(xué)法語，而是為了學(xué)化學(xué)。
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.
為了不驚醒嬰兒，我輕輕地關(guān)上門。
在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等動(dòng)詞后經(jīng)常用賓語+不定式（而不用賓語+in order to/so as to），不定式表示用賓語的目的：
I want something to drink.
我想要一點(diǎn)喝的東西。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
我需要一把湯匙來吃這冰淇淋。
Bring me a chair to sit on.
給我拿一把椅子來坐。
（2）連詞 so that, in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更為普遍：
I’ve arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.
我到得早，以便能買到票。
當(dāng)主句中的動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)候， so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:
I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.
（譯文同上）
so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下：
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
我到得很早，以免錯(cuò)過什么。（否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等）
（3）相比之下，帶to, so as to和 in order to的結(jié)構(gòu)比帶that的結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單、自然，所以多為人使用：
I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.（譯文同上）
當(dāng)前后主語不一致時(shí)，不定式前面加for+名詞/代詞比that結(jié)構(gòu)更簡潔
1.spend表示“在……上花時(shí)間”時(shí)，后面如果跟名詞則用介詞on;如果跟動(dòng)名詞則用介詞in（在口語中in往往省略）：
Why don’t you spend more time on studies?
你為什么不在學(xué)習(xí)上再多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間呢？
I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
我花了兩星期的時(shí)間讀這本書。
2.expert表示“做/干……的專家/高手”時(shí)后面通常用 at doing sth.;表示在某一領(lǐng)域是“專家”、“權(quán)威”時(shí)可用介詞in或on:
John is an expert at driving a car.
約翰是開車高手。
She is an expert in flowers.
她是花卉方面的專家。
Sam is an expert on that problem.
薩姆是研究那個(gè)問題的權(quán)威。
3.表示目的的幾種方式：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that
（1）帶to的不定式及其變體in order to和so as to 可以用來表示目的：
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
我去法國居住，以便學(xué)習(xí)法語。
not to可以用于表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
我去法國不是為了學(xué)法語，而是為了學(xué)化學(xué)。
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.
為了不驚醒嬰兒，我輕輕地關(guān)上門。
在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等動(dòng)詞后經(jīng)常用賓語+不定式（而不用賓語+in order to/so as to），不定式表示用賓語的目的：
I want something to drink.
我想要一點(diǎn)喝的東西。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
我需要一把湯匙來吃這冰淇淋。
Bring me a chair to sit on.
給我拿一把椅子來坐。
（2）連詞 so that, in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更為普遍：
I’ve arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.
我到得早，以便能買到票。
當(dāng)主句中的動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)候， so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:
I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.
（譯文同上）
so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下：
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
我到得很早，以免錯(cuò)過什么。（否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等）
（3）相比之下，帶to, so as to和 in order to的結(jié)構(gòu)比帶that的結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單、自然，所以多為人使用：
I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.（譯文同上）
當(dāng)前后主語不一致時(shí)，不定式前面加for+名詞/代詞比that結(jié)構(gòu)更簡潔