實用英語:新概念英語第二冊學習日志Lesson31

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LESSON 31 success story
    1.Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前,弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理,但他小時侯卻在一家小鋪里做工。
    head在此處的意思不是人或動物的“頭部”,而是“首領(lǐng)”、“頭目”,一般出現(xiàn)在“the head of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中:
    John is the head of the family.
    約翰是一家之主。
    Frank is the head of that firm.
    弗蘭克是那家公司的總裁。
    2.of one's own為固定短語,表示“自己的”、“屬于自己的”,own為代詞:
    He wanted a room of his own.
    他想要一個自己的房間。
    Do you have a house of your own?
    你有自己的房子嗎?
    3.in one's twenties,(在某人)二十多歲的時候。
    one's twenties/thirties/forties…,二十多歲/三十多歲/四十多歲……10的倍數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用于表達近似的、非確定的數(shù)量,與所有格形容詞(my等)連用時表示大約的年齡:
    My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
    我的姑媽詹妮弗已接近四十歲/四十出頭,但她卻常在舞臺上扮演小姑娘。
    4.one's early years指某人的早年(生活),意義相近的表達方式為early in one's life。
    5.the long road to success是一種比喻的說法,因為success是抽象名詞。to在這里表示方向、目的地,意義為“朝”、“往”、“向”等,這個短語的字面意義為“通向成功的漫漫長路”。
    6.save 挽救
    save one's life
    he saved my life
    他挽救了我的生命
    save one's face 挽回面子
    save money 存錢
    西方人不喜歡提錢,所以用
    save up存錢
    i have saved up for many years
    我已經(jīng)存了好幾年的錢
    save it for a rainy day
    未雨綢繆,為將來而做好準備
    7.過去進行時與一般過去時
    在第7課的語法中我們學習了過去進行時。它主要表示過去某個時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作,和一般過去時經(jīng)常在一個句子里使用。與一般過去時相比,它更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性,一般過去時則表示比較短暫的動作或事件。在敘述故事時,過去進行時往往用來表示背景:
    Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
    昨天下午弗蘭克·霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時的經(jīng)歷。
    He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
    他正笑著的時候門開了,他的妻子走了進來。
    Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
    Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
    上星期天,我和往常一樣,又去河邊坐著。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍,河面上有些人正在劃船。(過去進行時描述背景)
    8.used to do
    我們用used to do表示過去有過但現(xiàn)在已不存在的習慣,以便將過去與現(xiàn)在形成對照。它后面經(jīng)常用由but now…,but
    not…any more/any longer等構(gòu)成的、用了一般現(xiàn)在時的句子以強調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的不同之處。
    I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我過去常吸煙,但現(xiàn)在已不吸了。
    He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他過去是個懶孩子,但現(xiàn)在他很勤奮。
    used to僅用于一般過去時。它的疑問句和否定句形式可以不用助動詞do而用used本身