實用英語:新概念英語第二冊學習日志Lesson20

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LESSON 20 One man in a boat
    1.instead有“作為替代”、“反而”等含義,一般以短語形式instead of出現(xiàn):
    Jack took part in the race instead of Tony.
    杰克代替托尼參加了比賽。
    Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.
    他沒有買糖,而是買了些鹽。
    副詞instead單獨使用時一般出現(xiàn)在句尾:
    If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go to Australia instead?
    如果你不想在英國度假,那你為什么不去澳大利亞呢?
    2.with可以表示“有……的”、“持有……的”、“隨身帶著……”等:
    Who's the man with the umbrella?
    那個帶傘的男人是誰?
    Who's the man with the beard?
    那個留胡子的男人是誰?
    Who's the woman with the little boy?
    帶著那個小男孩的女人是誰?
    3.表示“對……感興趣”一般用be interested in sth. /doing sth.:
    Tim is only interested in food.
    蒂姆只對食物感興趣。
    I'm interested in collecting stamps.
    我對集郵有興趣。
    4.catch(caught,caught) v.抓到
    catch fish:抓魚;catch thief:抓小偷
    記住幾個短語:
    catch a cold:感冒;catch a bus:趕上車;catch one's breath:屏住呼吸;catch sight of=see;catch fire:著火;catch one's eyes:吸引某人注意力
    5....without catching anything.
    without(prep),介詞后面一定要加賓語
    同樣,動詞+ing變?yōu)槊~做賓語
    without doing作為狀語而出現(xiàn),表示結(jié)果狀語
    eg:He went out without saying any words.
    Without asking for money,the boy went to school.
    without后面的動作由主語來做
    6.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式完全一樣,都是由動詞+-ing構(gòu)成。-ing 形式作名詞時稱為動名詞。從廣義上講,動名詞可以代替名詞,盡管它像動詞一樣可帶賓語。像名詞一樣,它可以作主語:
    Dancing is fun. I love it.
    跳舞有意思,我喜歡跳舞。
    Walking quickly is difficult.
    走快是很難的。(動名詞+副詞作主語)
    Washing the car makes him dirty.
    擦洗汽車把他身上弄臟了。(動名詞+賓語作主語)
    動名詞也可以作賓語或介詞賓語:
    Mary is keen on cooking.
    瑪麗熱衷于烹調(diào)。(介詞賓語)
    Congratulations on passing your exams!
    祝賀你通過考試!
    可以帶動名詞的介詞通常有 before,after,instead of,without 等。用介詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以將兩個短句合為一句話,或者將一個從句變?yōu)閯用~結(jié)構(gòu)。動名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not:
    Tom always knocks before entering a room.
    湯姆在走進一個房間前總要敲門。
    He apologized for not writing to you.
    他為沒給你寫信而表示道歉。
    動名詞也可以用表示完成時的 having +過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu):
    You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.
    在沒有付賬之前你不能離開飯店。
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