Ⅳ.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or
phrases below.(10%)in common be regarded as bump into afford untanglebe incompatible
41. 在許多情況下，接受器官移植的身體對移植器官有排他性。
42. 這兩個朋友有許多共同之處。
43. 解開纏繞的電線花了他很長時間。
44. 心理學(xué)是生物科學(xué)的一個分支。他研究人的心理狀態(tài)、心理過程等現(xiàn)象。
45. 這個國家難以舍棄這些受過良好教育的專業(yè)人才。
Ⅴ.Directions: Translate the following paragraph(s) into Chinese.(15%)
46.Cyberspace,of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal
computers connected by modems—via the telephone system—to commercial online services, as well as the millions more with high-speed links to local area networks, office E-mail systems and the Internet. It
includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular
phone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low-flying
satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees, connecting folks too far-flung or too much on the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace, transformed intointeractive “ teleputers ” by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV companies(including Time Warner) are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics and high-speedswitches. Ⅵ.Directions:Read through the following passages and choose the best answer marked A,B,C orD.(20%)
There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult; the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an aeroplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance is absolutely dependable.
Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of aircraft that can be made to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio navigational instruments, passenger seats, or freight room, and, of course, the passengers or freight themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designer must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the‘stress man’. He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, acciedental damage, etc.
The stress man’s calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress man says if necessary. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer intended. Each separate part is tested, then a whole assembly, for example, a complete wing, and finally the whole aeroplane. When a new type of aeroplane is being made, normally only one of the first three made will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air.
Two kinds of ground strength tests are carried out. The first is to find the resistance to loading of thewings, tail, etc. until they reach their maximum load and collapse. The other test is for fatigue strength.
Relatively small loads are applied thousands of times. Each may be well under what the structure could stand as a single load, but many repetitions can result in collapse. One from of this test is done on the passenger cabin.
It is filled with air at high pressure as for high-altitude flying and completely submerged in a large tank of water while the test is going on. The surrounding water prevents the cabin from bursting like a bomb if there is a failure.
When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which it is illegal to fly, except for test flying.
Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flying
controls, the electrical equipment, the fire precautions, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.
To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers, with elaborate
laboratories and test houses, and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.
47. The two main requirements of aircraft design are ______.
A. speed and cheapness
B. reliability and passenger comfort
C. making things both light and dependable
D. ability to stay up in the air and avoid breakdowns
48. The maximum possible weight of an aircraft is determined by ______.
A. the enigne power B. the amount of freight room
C. the number of passengers D. international regulations
49. The stress man’s job is to calculate ______.
A. how safe the plane is
B. how strong each part must be
C. what height the plane will fly at
D. the amount of luggage each passenger may carry
50. The first three aeroplanes of a new type ______.
A. are all destroyed B. do not fly
C. are later broken up for spare parts
D. are used for testing purposes
51. The passenger cabin test in water is designed to ______.
A. make sure the plane would be safe if it landed in water
B. test fatigue strength
C. see of the cabin will burst like a bomb
D. keep the cabin cool
phrases below.(10%)in common be regarded as bump into afford untanglebe incompatible
41. 在許多情況下，接受器官移植的身體對移植器官有排他性。
42. 這兩個朋友有許多共同之處。
43. 解開纏繞的電線花了他很長時間。
44. 心理學(xué)是生物科學(xué)的一個分支。他研究人的心理狀態(tài)、心理過程等現(xiàn)象。
45. 這個國家難以舍棄這些受過良好教育的專業(yè)人才。
Ⅴ.Directions: Translate the following paragraph(s) into Chinese.(15%)
46.Cyberspace,of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal
computers connected by modems—via the telephone system—to commercial online services, as well as the millions more with high-speed links to local area networks, office E-mail systems and the Internet. It
includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular
phone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low-flying
satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees, connecting folks too far-flung or too much on the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace, transformed intointeractive “ teleputers ” by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV companies(including Time Warner) are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics and high-speedswitches. Ⅵ.Directions:Read through the following passages and choose the best answer marked A,B,C orD.(20%)
There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult; the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an aeroplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance is absolutely dependable.
Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of aircraft that can be made to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio navigational instruments, passenger seats, or freight room, and, of course, the passengers or freight themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designer must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the‘stress man’. He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, acciedental damage, etc.
The stress man’s calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress man says if necessary. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer intended. Each separate part is tested, then a whole assembly, for example, a complete wing, and finally the whole aeroplane. When a new type of aeroplane is being made, normally only one of the first three made will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air.
Two kinds of ground strength tests are carried out. The first is to find the resistance to loading of thewings, tail, etc. until they reach their maximum load and collapse. The other test is for fatigue strength.
Relatively small loads are applied thousands of times. Each may be well under what the structure could stand as a single load, but many repetitions can result in collapse. One from of this test is done on the passenger cabin.
It is filled with air at high pressure as for high-altitude flying and completely submerged in a large tank of water while the test is going on. The surrounding water prevents the cabin from bursting like a bomb if there is a failure.
When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which it is illegal to fly, except for test flying.
Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flying
controls, the electrical equipment, the fire precautions, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.
To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers, with elaborate
laboratories and test houses, and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.
47. The two main requirements of aircraft design are ______.
A. speed and cheapness
B. reliability and passenger comfort
C. making things both light and dependable
D. ability to stay up in the air and avoid breakdowns
48. The maximum possible weight of an aircraft is determined by ______.
A. the enigne power B. the amount of freight room
C. the number of passengers D. international regulations
49. The stress man’s job is to calculate ______.
A. how safe the plane is
B. how strong each part must be
C. what height the plane will fly at
D. the amount of luggage each passenger may carry
50. The first three aeroplanes of a new type ______.
A. are all destroyed B. do not fly
C. are later broken up for spare parts
D. are used for testing purposes
51. The passenger cabin test in water is designed to ______.
A. make sure the plane would be safe if it landed in water
B. test fatigue strength
C. see of the cabin will burst like a bomb
D. keep the cabin cool