SOE reform
With many of the smaller and more inefficient SOEs already closed, the government now has to tackle the behemoths, the country's largest employers. The number of laid-off SOE workers is expected to hit 12 million this year.
The non-state sector
China has made several moves to encourage the non-state sector in recent months. As China prepares to enter the WTO, private firms may gain more opportunities to participate in the capital markets. Parts of the service sector may also be deregulated.
Employment In 1999, urban registered unemployment was 3.1 percent. Official unemployment figures do not include the rural population, the floating population, or the millions who are technically unemployed, but still on SOE payrolls. Independent analysts estimate that when these populations are included, China's unemployment rate reaches double digits.
SCENARIOS FOR 2000
WTO preparations aside, the PRC economy is facing several years of high unemployment, stubborn overcapacity, industrial and agricultural restructuring, and slower growth than that of the early 1990s. The prospect of WTO membership gives the country's leaders an added impetus to implement reforms. Implementation will be difficult, and will almost certainly meet resistance, especially at the local level. Nevertheless, reform will progress, if slowly, and China will continue on its path to full integration with the world economy.
Notes
SOE=state-owned enterprises國有企業(yè)
reform n.改革
inefficient adj.效率低的, 效率差的
tackle vt.應(yīng)付(難事等), 處理, 解決
behemoths n.巨獸, 龐然大物
employer n.雇主, 老板
lay-off v.解雇, 停止工作
laid-off SOE workers國有企業(yè)下崗工人
capital market資本市場
deregulate v.解除管制
employment n.雇用, 工作, 職業(yè)
urban registered unemployment城市登記失業(yè)（人數(shù)）
official unemployment figures官方失業(yè)人數(shù)
rural population農(nóng)村人口
floating population流動(dòng)人口
payroll n.薪水冊(cè)
estimate v.估計(jì), 估價(jià), 評(píng)估
double digits兩位數(shù)
scenario n.an outline or a model of an expected or a supposed sequence of events預(yù)料或期望的一系列事件的梗概或模式
stubborn adj.難應(yīng)付的, 難處理的
overcapacity n.too great a capacity for production of commodities or delivery of services in relation to actual need生產(chǎn)能力過剩：與實(shí)際需要相比，過大的生產(chǎn)工業(yè)商品能力或過多的服務(wù)
industrial and agricultural restructuring工農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整
impetus n.推動(dòng)力, 促進(jìn)
implementation n.執(zhí)行
resistance n.反抗, 抵抗, 抵抗力
full integration with the world economy與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全面接規(guī).
integration n.the act or process of integrating結(jié)合的行為和過程
With many of the smaller and more inefficient SOEs already closed, the government now has to tackle the behemoths, the country's largest employers. The number of laid-off SOE workers is expected to hit 12 million this year.
The non-state sector
China has made several moves to encourage the non-state sector in recent months. As China prepares to enter the WTO, private firms may gain more opportunities to participate in the capital markets. Parts of the service sector may also be deregulated.
Employment In 1999, urban registered unemployment was 3.1 percent. Official unemployment figures do not include the rural population, the floating population, or the millions who are technically unemployed, but still on SOE payrolls. Independent analysts estimate that when these populations are included, China's unemployment rate reaches double digits.
SCENARIOS FOR 2000
WTO preparations aside, the PRC economy is facing several years of high unemployment, stubborn overcapacity, industrial and agricultural restructuring, and slower growth than that of the early 1990s. The prospect of WTO membership gives the country's leaders an added impetus to implement reforms. Implementation will be difficult, and will almost certainly meet resistance, especially at the local level. Nevertheless, reform will progress, if slowly, and China will continue on its path to full integration with the world economy.
Notes
SOE=state-owned enterprises國有企業(yè)
reform n.改革
inefficient adj.效率低的, 效率差的
tackle vt.應(yīng)付(難事等), 處理, 解決
behemoths n.巨獸, 龐然大物
employer n.雇主, 老板
lay-off v.解雇, 停止工作
laid-off SOE workers國有企業(yè)下崗工人
capital market資本市場
deregulate v.解除管制
employment n.雇用, 工作, 職業(yè)
urban registered unemployment城市登記失業(yè)（人數(shù)）
official unemployment figures官方失業(yè)人數(shù)
rural population農(nóng)村人口
floating population流動(dòng)人口
payroll n.薪水冊(cè)
estimate v.估計(jì), 估價(jià), 評(píng)估
double digits兩位數(shù)
scenario n.an outline or a model of an expected or a supposed sequence of events預(yù)料或期望的一系列事件的梗概或模式
stubborn adj.難應(yīng)付的, 難處理的
overcapacity n.too great a capacity for production of commodities or delivery of services in relation to actual need生產(chǎn)能力過剩：與實(shí)際需要相比，過大的生產(chǎn)工業(yè)商品能力或過多的服務(wù)
industrial and agricultural restructuring工農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整
impetus n.推動(dòng)力, 促進(jìn)
implementation n.執(zhí)行
resistance n.反抗, 抵抗, 抵抗力
full integration with the world economy與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全面接規(guī).
integration n.the act or process of integrating結(jié)合的行為和過程