2008年職稱英語(yǔ)考試各部分預(yù)測(cè)分析及要點(diǎn)整理(4)

字號(hào):

第四部分 閱讀理解
    考查目標(biāo):應(yīng)試者應(yīng)能綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和閱讀技能來(lái)理解本專業(yè)的或一般內(nèi)容的英語(yǔ)書(shū)面材料。
    07年試題:教材原文  新增文章  串級(jí)  試卷篇章順序  問(wèn)題改變  答案改變  答案順序改變
    綜合A:   是      是     C      2       無(wú)     無(wú)       無(wú)
     B:   是      是     A      2       無(wú)     1改簡(jiǎn)單     1
     C:   是      是     無(wú)     1       無(wú)    無(wú)       無(wú)
    教材上必須掌握的9篇重點(diǎn)文章:
    1.Eat Healthy (A\B\C)
    2.Silence Please ( A\B\C)
    3.The Only Way Is Up (A\B\C)
    4.Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends (A\B\C)
    5.A Tale of Scottish Rural Life (A\B)
    6.Who Wants to Live Forever? (A\B)
    7.Who(Doesn’t)Let the Dogs Bark? (A)
    8.The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight (A\B)
    9.The Beginning of American Literature (A)
    Good Table Manners (C)
    Manners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table. Here are some general rules:
    Napkin(餐巾)use
    The meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin. This is your signal to do the same, so (1)place your napkin on your lap. Unfold it completely if it is a small napkin, or in half, lengthwise(縱向地),if it is a large dinner napkin.
    If you need to leave the table during the meal, place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be returning. Once the meal is over, place your napkin neatly on the table to the right of your dinner plate. Do not refold it.
    (2)Use a napkin only for your mouth. Never use it for your nose, face or forehead.
    Use of utensils(餐具)
    (3)Start with the knife, fork or spoon furthest from your plate, and work your way in, using one utensil for each course.
    If soup is served, remember to spoon away from yourself. This helps stop the drips. Do not put the entire soup spoon in your mouth. Instead, fill a soup spoon about 75 per cent with soup, and sip(啜飲)it from the side noiselessly.
    After finishing dinner, place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the knife a lade facing inward toward the plate.
    Using your fingers
    (4)Here's a list of finger foods: sandwiches, cookies, small fruits or berries with stems, French fries and potato chips, and hamburgers.
    Chew(咀嚼)with your mouth closed and don't make noise; don't talk with your mouth full.
    Bread must be broken with your hands. It is never cut with a knife.
    Don't pick something out of your teeth. Instead, excuse yourself to the bathroom.
    If possible, try not to cough at the table.
    Do not put your elbows(肘)on the table. In France, it is essential to have both hands above the table at the same time.
    Do not put bones or anything else on the table. Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate.
    1.Where is the napkin normally placed during the meal?
    A.On your chair.
    B.On the table.
    C.On your lap.
    D.On your plate.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104101:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:C
    2.The napkin is used only for
    A.your forehead.
    B.your mouth.
    C.your nose.
    D.your face.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104102:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:B
    3.Which utensil is used first?
    A.The knife.
    B.The fork.
    C.The spoon.
    D.The one farthest from the plate.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104103:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:D
    4.All of the followings are finger foods except
    A.soup.
    B.sandwiches.
    C.cookies.
    D.hamburgers.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104104:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:A
    5.Which of the following shows good table manners? 相當(dāng)于TRUE題
    A.Talking with your mouth full.
    B.Putting bones on your plate.
    C.Putting your elbows on the table.
    D.Chewing with your month open.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104105:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:B
    A Debate on the English Language (C、B)
    A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States. The US Senate passed two declarations last week.(1)One calls English the nation's official language and the other says it is the “common and unifying(統(tǒng)一的)”tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue.
    Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English, many can't understand why the issue is so controversial(有爭(zhēng)議的).
    "(3)The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues," says Dick Tucker, a social scientist at Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon University." It's related to a worry about the changing demography(人口統(tǒng)計(jì))of the US. It's a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence.”
    (2)In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation's founding. John Adams lobbied(游說(shuō))in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died, since lawmakers saw it as a royalist(?;手髁x者)attempt to define personal behavior.
    Since then, the country hasn't had a national language, but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on.
    The emotions surrounding language resurface(再次浮現(xiàn))not because people feel comfortable with English. It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages, says Walt Wolfram, a professor at North Carolina State University.
    "Language is never about language," he says.
    According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report, (4)of 209 million Americans over 18 years old, 172 million speak only English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English. Among them, 6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don't speak English at all.
    1.What are the two declarations concerned with?
    A.The status of the English language.
    B.The protection of new languages.
    C.The rights to speak one's mother tongue.
    D.The improvement of the English language.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104106:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    2.Who suggested in the 18th century that English should be protected?
    A.Walt Wolfram.
    B.John Adams.
    C.Royalists.
    D.Dick Tucker.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104107:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:B
    3.Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to?
    A.The immigration issues.
    B.The changing demography.
    C.The worry about the new languages.
    D.The US's military strength.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104108:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:D
    4.Which statement is true according to the 2000 US Census Bureau report?
    A.172 million Americans speak only English in their work places.
    B.37 million Americans speak English.
    C.209 million Americans are above the age of 18.
    D.6.5 million Americans speak good English.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104109:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:C
    5.The phrase “kicked around”(paragraph 4)could be best replaced by
    A."invented".
    B."formed".
    C."shaped".
    D."discussed".
    【答疑編號(hào)20104110:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:D
    Trying to Find a Partner(B、A)
    One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is(1)that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.
    Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and(5)sustain intimate relationships? Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves?
    It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. (2)Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesn't expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.
    But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.
    In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. (3)Only a few generations ago, your choice of soul mate(心上人) was constrained(限制) by geography, social convention and familytradition. Although it was never explicit, many marriages were essentially arranged.
    Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster (牡蠣),you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.
    But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint: the tyranny of choice.
    (4)The expectations of partners are inflated(提高) to an unmanageable degree: good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother, and right socks. There is no room for error in the first impression.
    We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn't, it is disposable. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Of course, this is complicated by realities. The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.
    1.What does the recent poll show?
    A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.
    B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a family.
    C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.
    D.It is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104201:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:B
    2.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple?
    A.The wife doesn't have to raise the children all by herself.
    B.The husband doesn't have to support the family all by himself.
    C.The wife is no longer the only person to manage the household.
    D.They will receive a large sum of money from the government.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104202:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:D
    3.Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one's choice of soul mate in the old days?
    A.The health condition of his or her grandmother.
    B.The geographical environment.
    C.The social convention.
    D.The family tradition.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104203:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:A
    4.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage?
    A.Good looks.
    B.An impressive career.
    C.A high salary.
    D.A fine sense of humor.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104204:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:D
    5.The word "sustain"(paragraph 2)could be best replaced by
    A."reduce".
    B."shake".
    C."maintain".
    D."weaken".
    【答疑編號(hào)20104205:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:C
    The World Cup (A)
    This summer's World Cup competition will see teams competing to play the world's best football. But the football they play will not all be of the same kind. The fans expect different styles of play from Brazil, Germany, or Italy.
    What makes Brazilian football Brazilian? (1)Our style of playing football contrasts with the Europeans because of a combination of qualities of surprise, accuracy and good judgment. This style has won Brazil five world cups. Yet many Brazilian fans only count four of these victories. In 1994,the team abandoned this style for modern, scientific training and tactics. The team won the cup, but in a boring way.
    (2)The Italians think differently. "To many Italians, the score 0-0 has a glorious quality, suggesting perfection," says the British football writer Simon Kuper. In the Italian culture, the idea of face is very important. This is why Italian teams are traditionally built around strong defenses. The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that Italian teams never exactly beat you. It's just that you often lose to them.
    In Holland,(3)there is a tradition of decision making through argument and discussion. It is a society where everybody is expected to have a point of view. "Every Dutch player wants to control the game," says Arnold Muhren. "You play football with your brains and not your feet."
    "A Dutch player argues," says Simon Kuper. "(4)An English player obeys his superior. He is a soldier." The qualities valued in English football are military-strength, aggression and courage. This can make for exciting football. But it also means that the English find it difficult to use skillful players. David Beckham is usually criticized for his failure to defend-despite the fact that he is an attacker.
    If the English like to fight, the Germans like to win. In recent years, Germany has tried to change its image as a country of ruthless efficiency and a desire for victory at all costs. But Germans are quite happy for these qualities to remain in their national football team. "Football is a simple game," Gary Lineker once said. "You kick a ball about for ninety minutes and in the end the Germans win."
    (5)It's difficult to predict who will win this year's World Cup. There is no strong favorite. But a look at the track record of previous winners shows that it is the nations with the strongest national characteristics in the football that perform best. It seems that you need to know where you come from if you want to get to the top.
    1.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Brazilian style of playing football?
    A.Accuracy.
    B.Surprise.
    C.Good judgment.
    D.Ruthless efficiency.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104206:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:D
    2.Why do many Italians think that the score 0-0 has a glorious quality?
    A.Because it makes no one lose face.
    B.Because the Italian team is not very strong.
    C.Because Italians are nice people.
    D.Because that score is what their team could obtain.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104207:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:A
    3.What is one expected to do in Holland?
    A.To play football.
    B.To express his or her opinion freely.
    C.To make a fuss about nothing.
    D.To beat his or her opponents ruthlessly.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104208:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:B
    4.Which of the following is NOT true of the British football players?
    A.They are aggressive.
    B.They are courageous.
    C.They play football for friendship.
    D.They obey their superiors.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104209:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:C
    5.Who will win this year's World Cup?
    A.The Brazilian team.
    B.The Italian team.
    C.The German Team.
    D.It is unpredictable.
    【答疑編號(hào)20104210:針對(duì)該題提問(wèn)】
    答案:D
    特點(diǎn):
    1.文章內(nèi)容側(cè)重于人文社會(huì)類;
    2.教材上08新增文章仍為重點(diǎn);
    3.串級(jí)考的概率大;
    4.教材上的原文測(cè)試內(nèi)容不變,但問(wèn)題有可能變,答案順序不變;
    5.教材外的文章,其測(cè)試問(wèn)題以事實(shí)/細(xì)節(jié)題型為主。
    6.3個(gè)級(jí)別之間有過(guò)渡文章;
    7.題目在文章中的定位比較容易,答案比較直觀;
    8.題目出現(xiàn)的順序與文章展開(kāi)的順序不一致;
    9.無(wú)論是問(wèn)題還是選項(xiàng)均不是很長(zhǎng)。
    應(yīng)對(duì):
    1.熟練掌握教材中新增9篇文章內(nèi)容、提問(wèn)問(wèn)題及其對(duì)應(yīng)答案;
    2.熟悉并了解“事實(shí)/細(xì)節(jié)題”的提問(wèn)方式和做題要點(diǎn);
    3.作為答案的選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)概率最多的依次是:D,C,B,A;
    4.一篇文章5個(gè)問(wèn)題中,通常ABCD選項(xiàng)作為答案都出現(xiàn)。