托??谡Z(yǔ)拓展:sick as a parrot

字號(hào):

not know A from a ball's foot
    很多成語(yǔ),經(jīng)過(guò)萬(wàn)口流傳,會(huì)變得不成樣子,英文not know A from a ball's foot(十分無(wú)知)就是例子。
    Not know A from a ball's foot直譯是「球腳和這個(gè)字母都無(wú)法分辨」——「球腳」是甚么,誰(shuí)都不知道。不過(guò),這個(gè)成語(yǔ)的原文卻是可以解釋的:not know A from a windmill, nor B from a bull's foot。風(fēng)車(windmill)的翼板有點(diǎn)像字母A,公牛(bull)的分趾蹄有點(diǎn)像字母B。假如連風(fēng)車翼板和字母A、牛蹄和字母B都無(wú)法分辨,那么,這個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)直就是中國(guó)人所說(shuō)的「目不識(shí)丁」了。
    后來(lái),人們把成語(yǔ)上半截略去,只說(shuō)not know B from a bull's foot;再后來(lái),經(jīng)過(guò)幾百年以訛傳訛,這句成語(yǔ)變成Not know A from a bull's foot。現(xiàn)在,更有人把bull's foot誤作ball's foot,例如:I don't know A from a bull's/ball's foot about photography(我對(duì)攝影是毫無(wú)認(rèn)識(shí)的)。
    sick as a parrot
    港督彭定康說(shuō)香港有幾只「病鸚鵡」(sick parrots),主要是諷刺有些人盲從附和;但他說(shuō)「鸚鵡」的時(shí)候?yàn)樯趺绰?lián)想到「病」呢?這大概和英文成語(yǔ)sick as a parrot有關(guān)。
    sick as a parrot直譯是「病得像鸚鵡一樣」,意譯則是「很傷心」、「很失望」。這成語(yǔ)的起源有兩個(gè)說(shuō)法。第一個(gè)說(shuō)法認(rèn)為這和「鸚鵡熱」(parrot fever)有關(guān)。鸚鵡熱的病毒,不但可以取鸚鵡和其它禽鳥(niǎo)性命,人類也會(huì)感染死亡的。
    另一個(gè)說(shuō)法則比較符合成語(yǔ)本身的意思。據(jù)說(shuō),十七、八世紀(jì)的時(shí)候,melancholy as a sick parrot(像病鸚鵡那樣憂郁)一語(yǔ)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始流行,劇作家阿赫拉‧貝恩(Aphra Behn)就用過(guò)這句話,而這句話則出自另一個(gè)成語(yǔ):as sick as a parrot with a rubber beak(像一只喙軟如膠的鸚鵡那么懊喪)。鸚鵡沒(méi)有硬喙,怎樣進(jìn)食和自衛(wèi)呢?這樣的鸚鵡難免會(huì)患上懊喪的「心病」了。所以,就是sick as a parrot「很傷心」或「很失望」,例如:He was crossed in love and became sick as a parrot(他失戀了,傷心得很)。