piece-rate system 計(jì)件工資制度
a compensation system in which workers are paid specifically for each item produced
planned or unplanned inventories 計(jì)劃或無計(jì)劃庫存
planned inventories are those firms choose to have on hand because they make business more efficient; unplanned inventories result when cannot sell what they produce
policy ineffectiveness 政策無效性命題
the proposition that government policies are ineffective--policies aimed at stimulating aggregate demand at most change the price level
planned economy 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)
an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are made by the government,examda.com
portfolio theories 資產(chǎn)組合理論
theories that argue that monetary policy affects output through its effect on prices of various assets, in particular the prices of stocks
portfolio 資產(chǎn)組合
an investor’s entire collection of assets and liabilities
potential GDP 潛在GDP
a measure of what the value of GDP would be if the economy’s resources were fully employed
potential output 潛在產(chǎn)出
the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed (output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)
precautionary savings motive 謹(jǐn)慎儲(chǔ)蓄動(dòng)機(jī)
people save to guard against the chance of an unexpected illness or accident
predatory pricing 掠奪性定價(jià)
the practice of cutting prices below the marginal costs of production to drive out a new firm (or to deter future entry), at which point prices can be raised again
present discounted value 現(xiàn)期貼現(xiàn)值
how much an amount of money to be received in the future is worth right now
price index 價(jià)格指數(shù)
a measure of the level of prices found by comparing the cost of a certain basket of goods in one year with that cost in a base year
principal 本金
the original amount a saver deposits in a bank or a borrower borrows
principal-agent problem 所有者—代理人問題
any situation in which one party (the principal) needs to delegate actions to another party (the agent), and thus wishes to provide the agent with incentives to work hard and make decisions about risk that reflects the interests of the principal
private marginal cost 私人邊際成本
the marginal cost of production borne by the producer of a good; when there is a negative externality, such as air pollution, private marginal cost is less than social marginal cost
privatization 私有化
the process whereby functions that were formally run by the government are delegated instead to the private sector
product differentiation 產(chǎn)品差異
the fact that similar products (like breakfast cereals or soft drinks) are perceived to differ from one another and thus are imperfect substitutes
product market 產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)
the market in which goods and services are bought and sold
product-mix efficiency 產(chǎn)品組合效應(yīng)
the condition in which the mix of goods produced by the economy reflects the preferences of consumers
production efficiency 生產(chǎn)效率
the condition in which firms cannot produce more of some goods without producing less of other goods
productivity (GDP per hour) 生產(chǎn)率/平均每人時(shí)的GDP
how much an average worker produces per hour, calculated by dividing real GDP by hours worked in the economy
proprietorship 獨(dú)資企業(yè)
a business owned by a single person, usually a small business
protectionism 保護(hù)主義
a policy of protecting domestic industries from foreign-made competition
pure profit (monopoly rents) 純利潤(rùn)或壟斷租金
the profit earned by a monopolist that results from its reducing output and increasing the price from the level at which price equals marginal cost
a compensation system in which workers are paid specifically for each item produced
planned or unplanned inventories 計(jì)劃或無計(jì)劃庫存
planned inventories are those firms choose to have on hand because they make business more efficient; unplanned inventories result when cannot sell what they produce
policy ineffectiveness 政策無效性命題
the proposition that government policies are ineffective--policies aimed at stimulating aggregate demand at most change the price level
planned economy 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)
an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are made by the government,examda.com
portfolio theories 資產(chǎn)組合理論
theories that argue that monetary policy affects output through its effect on prices of various assets, in particular the prices of stocks
portfolio 資產(chǎn)組合
an investor’s entire collection of assets and liabilities
potential GDP 潛在GDP
a measure of what the value of GDP would be if the economy’s resources were fully employed
potential output 潛在產(chǎn)出
the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed (output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)
precautionary savings motive 謹(jǐn)慎儲(chǔ)蓄動(dòng)機(jī)
people save to guard against the chance of an unexpected illness or accident
predatory pricing 掠奪性定價(jià)
the practice of cutting prices below the marginal costs of production to drive out a new firm (or to deter future entry), at which point prices can be raised again
present discounted value 現(xiàn)期貼現(xiàn)值
how much an amount of money to be received in the future is worth right now
price index 價(jià)格指數(shù)
a measure of the level of prices found by comparing the cost of a certain basket of goods in one year with that cost in a base year
principal 本金
the original amount a saver deposits in a bank or a borrower borrows
principal-agent problem 所有者—代理人問題
any situation in which one party (the principal) needs to delegate actions to another party (the agent), and thus wishes to provide the agent with incentives to work hard and make decisions about risk that reflects the interests of the principal
private marginal cost 私人邊際成本
the marginal cost of production borne by the producer of a good; when there is a negative externality, such as air pollution, private marginal cost is less than social marginal cost
privatization 私有化
the process whereby functions that were formally run by the government are delegated instead to the private sector
product differentiation 產(chǎn)品差異
the fact that similar products (like breakfast cereals or soft drinks) are perceived to differ from one another and thus are imperfect substitutes
product market 產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)
the market in which goods and services are bought and sold
product-mix efficiency 產(chǎn)品組合效應(yīng)
the condition in which the mix of goods produced by the economy reflects the preferences of consumers
production efficiency 生產(chǎn)效率
the condition in which firms cannot produce more of some goods without producing less of other goods
productivity (GDP per hour) 生產(chǎn)率/平均每人時(shí)的GDP
how much an average worker produces per hour, calculated by dividing real GDP by hours worked in the economy
proprietorship 獨(dú)資企業(yè)
a business owned by a single person, usually a small business
protectionism 保護(hù)主義
a policy of protecting domestic industries from foreign-made competition
pure profit (monopoly rents) 純利潤(rùn)或壟斷租金
the profit earned by a monopolist that results from its reducing output and increasing the price from the level at which price equals marginal cost