如果先行詞是無生命的東西，用關(guān)系代詞which；而that可用于以上兩種情況。
The man who robbed you has been arrested. That is the book which cost me twenty dollars. Which還可以指嬰兒、 動(dòng)物 和表示單數(shù)意義的集合名詞，如：
The baby （which） the nurse brought in was Mary‘s child.⑷關(guān)系代詞that和which的語法區(qū)別當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞的級(jí)修飾時(shí)，通常用that而不用which.如：
The final match is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.當(dāng)定語從句所修飾的先行詞的前面有all，any，little，only，much等修飾時(shí)，或者這些先行詞本身就是all，one，little，much，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，通常用that而不用which. I am interested in all that you have told me. It seems that is the only thing that we can do now.
當(dāng)定語從句作介詞的賓語時(shí)，只能使用which而不用that. The world in which we live is in constant motion and in constant change.當(dāng)定語從句是與代詞、數(shù)詞或名詞詞組連用引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，只能使用which而不用that. I bought a dozen eggs，five of which broke when I dropped the box at my door.
當(dāng)先行詞的前面有the + only （first，last，same，next，very）等詞修飾時(shí)，通常用that而不用which. This is the very movie that I want to see.當(dāng)被用來指代整個(gè)句子，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，只能使用which而不是that. Things then improved，which surprises me. Her brother snatched the letter away，at which she was furious.
2. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句⑴引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有：when，where，why，how等。
⑵關(guān)系副詞when，where，why在從句中作狀語時(shí)，可用“介詞+which”來替代。如：
The reason why （= for which） he is in hospital hasn‘t been known yet. 3. 限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，用來描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，與主句不可分割。這種從句在口語中前后沒有停頓，在文字中前后沒有逗號(hào)。
非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松散，為主句所描繪的人或物提供一些附加情況，并非絕對(duì)必要。這種從句在口語中有停頓，在文字中往往用逗號(hào)與主語隔開。
另外，非限定性定語從句可用which，who，whose，when，where等來引導(dǎo)，但不可以用that來引導(dǎo)。如：
The wine，which was in the cellar，was ruined.（非限定性）
The wine which （that） was in the cellar was all ruined.（限定性）
在限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)可省略；但是在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
狀語從句
在句子中起狀語作用的句子叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可以位于句首、句中或句末。位于句首時(shí)，從句末通常有逗號(hào)與主句隔開；位于句中時(shí)，從句的前后都必須有逗號(hào)；位于句末時(shí)，從句的前面可以不用逗號(hào)。狀語從句按意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、方式、比較、目的和結(jié)果等狀語從句。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。
1.時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：after，as，before，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，
now （that），as soon as，as long as，no sooner…than等。有些名詞短語也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，如：
every time，the moment，the instant. When I saw her，she was watching closely at the photo on the wall. As the sun rose，the fog dispersed. The instant he received the letter，he started off at once. Every time he went to Beijing，he used to visit the Great Wall. as，when和while都可以表示主句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景，也可以表示主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如：
As he stood there，he heard what they were talking about. I stood up and wanted to go out，when she came in. till和until在主句謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式時(shí)，作“直到……為止”解，在主句謂語為瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定式時(shí)作“直到……才”解，如：
Let‘s wait till / until the rain stops. I did not begin work till / until he had gone. once，directly，the moment，the instant和as soon as都作“一…就”解，通常可以互換，如：
Once you understand this，you will surely make rapid progress in your study.由副詞加從屬連詞no sooner…than，hardly / barely / scarcely…when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，如果no sooner，hardly，barely，scarcely前置句首，主語與謂語須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Hardly had the film started when they came. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest.
2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where，wherever引導(dǎo)，如：
Where there is a will，there is a way. She painted wherever she happened to be.從屬連詞還能與any，no，every等一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。如：
Everywhere you go，you will be warmly welcomed.
3. 方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有as，as if，as though等，從句通常位于主句之后，如：
He had never blushed as she blushed then.（as作“按照”或“像”解。）
as if和as though都做“好象”解，兩者可以互換，從句既可用陳述語氣（表示可能符合事實(shí)的情況），又可用虛擬語氣（表示與事實(shí)不符的情況），如：
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. His mother loves me as if / as though I were her daughter.
The man who robbed you has been arrested. That is the book which cost me twenty dollars. Which還可以指嬰兒、 動(dòng)物 和表示單數(shù)意義的集合名詞，如：
The baby （which） the nurse brought in was Mary‘s child.⑷關(guān)系代詞that和which的語法區(qū)別當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞的級(jí)修飾時(shí)，通常用that而不用which.如：
The final match is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.當(dāng)定語從句所修飾的先行詞的前面有all，any，little，only，much等修飾時(shí)，或者這些先行詞本身就是all，one，little，much，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，通常用that而不用which. I am interested in all that you have told me. It seems that is the only thing that we can do now.
當(dāng)定語從句作介詞的賓語時(shí)，只能使用which而不用that. The world in which we live is in constant motion and in constant change.當(dāng)定語從句是與代詞、數(shù)詞或名詞詞組連用引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，只能使用which而不用that. I bought a dozen eggs，five of which broke when I dropped the box at my door.
當(dāng)先行詞的前面有the + only （first，last，same，next，very）等詞修飾時(shí)，通常用that而不用which. This is the very movie that I want to see.當(dāng)被用來指代整個(gè)句子，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，只能使用which而不是that. Things then improved，which surprises me. Her brother snatched the letter away，at which she was furious.
2. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句⑴引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有：when，where，why，how等。
⑵關(guān)系副詞when，where，why在從句中作狀語時(shí)，可用“介詞+which”來替代。如：
The reason why （= for which） he is in hospital hasn‘t been known yet. 3. 限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，用來描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，與主句不可分割。這種從句在口語中前后沒有停頓，在文字中前后沒有逗號(hào)。
非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松散，為主句所描繪的人或物提供一些附加情況，并非絕對(duì)必要。這種從句在口語中有停頓，在文字中往往用逗號(hào)與主語隔開。
另外，非限定性定語從句可用which，who，whose，when，where等來引導(dǎo)，但不可以用that來引導(dǎo)。如：
The wine，which was in the cellar，was ruined.（非限定性）
The wine which （that） was in the cellar was all ruined.（限定性）
在限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)可省略；但是在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
狀語從句
在句子中起狀語作用的句子叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可以位于句首、句中或句末。位于句首時(shí)，從句末通常有逗號(hào)與主句隔開；位于句中時(shí)，從句的前后都必須有逗號(hào)；位于句末時(shí)，從句的前面可以不用逗號(hào)。狀語從句按意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、方式、比較、目的和結(jié)果等狀語從句。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。
1.時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：after，as，before，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，
now （that），as soon as，as long as，no sooner…than等。有些名詞短語也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，如：
every time，the moment，the instant. When I saw her，she was watching closely at the photo on the wall. As the sun rose，the fog dispersed. The instant he received the letter，he started off at once. Every time he went to Beijing，he used to visit the Great Wall. as，when和while都可以表示主句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景，也可以表示主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如：
As he stood there，he heard what they were talking about. I stood up and wanted to go out，when she came in. till和until在主句謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式時(shí)，作“直到……為止”解，在主句謂語為瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定式時(shí)作“直到……才”解，如：
Let‘s wait till / until the rain stops. I did not begin work till / until he had gone. once，directly，the moment，the instant和as soon as都作“一…就”解，通常可以互換，如：
Once you understand this，you will surely make rapid progress in your study.由副詞加從屬連詞no sooner…than，hardly / barely / scarcely…when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，如果no sooner，hardly，barely，scarcely前置句首，主語與謂語須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Hardly had the film started when they came. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest.
2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where，wherever引導(dǎo)，如：
Where there is a will，there is a way. She painted wherever she happened to be.從屬連詞還能與any，no，every等一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。如：
Everywhere you go，you will be warmly welcomed.
3. 方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有as，as if，as though等，從句通常位于主句之后，如：
He had never blushed as she blushed then.（as作“按照”或“像”解。）
as if和as though都做“好象”解，兩者可以互換，從句既可用陳述語氣（表示可能符合事實(shí)的情況），又可用虛擬語氣（表示與事實(shí)不符的情況），如：
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. His mother loves me as if / as though I were her daughter.