新概念四冊應(yīng)用實例
1】沒有一個人是用純潔而無偏見的眼光看待世界。人們所看到的是一個受特定風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、制度和思想方式剪輯過的世界。甚至在哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域的探索中，人們也無法超越這此定型的框框。人們關(guān)于真與偽的概念依然和特定的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗有關(guān)。
No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“沒有一個人是用純潔而無偏見的眼光看待世界”英文表達(dá)：“沒有一個人看待世界with原始的（純潔而無偏見）眼光”完全轉(zhuǎn)換：“no man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes”
2】地震就像夜間的小偷，不打招呼就來了。因此，有必要發(fā)明一種儀器，既不打盹兒，也不睡覺。有些裝置非常簡單。例如，有一種裝置是由一些長短、粗細(xì)不同的木棒組成，就像九柱戲的木棒一樣堅立著，一旦有地震，就會震動豎立在堅硬的桌上的木棒。如果地震輕微，只有不穩(wěn)定的木棒倒下；如果地震劇烈，所有的木棒都會例下。由于地震太弱而未驚醒科學(xué)家時，木棒倒下的多少和倒下的方向就為科學(xué)家記錄下了地震的強度和地震方向。
An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning. It was necessary, therefore, to invent instruments that neither slumbered nor slept. Some devices were quite simple. One, for instance, consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses with would stand up end like ninepins. When a shock came, it shook the rigid table upon which these stood. If it were gentle, only the more unstable rods fell. If it were severe, they all fell. Thus the rods, by falling, and by the direction in which they fell, recorded for the severe, they all fell. Thus the rods, by falling, and by the direction in which they fell, recorded for the slumbering scientist the strength of a shock that was too weak to waken him, and the direction from which it came.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“地震就像夜間的小偷，不打招呼就來了”英文表達(dá)“地震來到就像是一個賊在夜間without提醒（招呼）”完全轉(zhuǎn)換：“an earthquake comes like a thief in the night,without warning”
3】如果把這種儀器安裝在距震源700多英里遠(yuǎn)的地方，曲線記錄就能顯示出前后相同的這3種地震波。首先記錄下的是縱向波的到達(dá)；然后記錄下的是橫向波的到達(dá)，橫向波比縱向波傳播得慢，在縱向波到過幾分鐘后能到達(dá)。這珍兩種波都是穿過地球而來的。正是從這兩種波中的研究中，我們可以了解到地球內(nèi)部的許多情況。第三種波，即主波，是最慢的，是圍繞地球通過表面巖石傳來的。
When the instrument is situated at more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre, the graphic record shows three waves arriving one after at short intervals. The first records the arrival of longitudinal vibrations. The second marks the arrival of transverse vibrations which travel more slowly and arrive several minutes after the first. These two have travelled through the earth. It was from the study of these that so much was learnt about the interior of the earth. The third, or main. The third, or main wave, is the slowest and has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“如果把這種儀器安裝在距震源700多英里s遠(yuǎn)的地方，曲線記錄就能顯示出前后相同的3中地震波”英文表達(dá)：“當(dāng)儀器被裝置在多于700英里from震源，曲線記錄顯示s三條緊跟著的波在短的間隙S中”完全轉(zhuǎn)換“when the instrument is situated at more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre ,the graphic record shows 3 waves arriving one after at a short intervals ”
4】馴象有兩種主要的方法，我們分別稱之為強硬法和溫柔法。強硬法就是驅(qū)象去干活，把它打順從為止。且不說道義問題，這本身就是一種愚蠢的訓(xùn)練方法，因為這種方法訓(xùn)練會使動物反感，在以后某個時期可能會變成傷人的動物。溫柔法要求在最初階段保持較大的耐心，但這種方法可以訓(xùn)練出性情愉快、脾氣溫順，能忠實為人服務(wù)多年的大象。
Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may respectively the tough and the gentle. The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him. Apart from moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer. The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“馴象有兩種主要的方法，我們分別稱之為強硬法和溫柔法”英文表達(dá)：“兩種主要的方法s一直被用來（have been used for ）馴練ing大象s, which 我們分別稱之為強硬法和溫柔法”完全轉(zhuǎn)換“two main techniques have been used for training elephants ,which we may respectively the tough and the gentle”
5】捕捉15至20歲之間年齡的大象進(jìn)行馴象最為經(jīng)濟。 這個年齡的象差不多已能干重活，可以很快掙回飼養(yǎng)它的開支。但這個年齡的象不易馴服，因此開始階段需要有一位強有力的老手。捕來拴在樹上的大象，每當(dāng)有人走近它時，就會向前猛沖并發(fā)出尖叫，甚至一連幾于都由于憤怒和恐懼而拒絕進(jìn)食。有時，把一頭已馴服的象拴在旁邊能給野象以信心。The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years, for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away. But animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very time man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages. The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“撲捉15至20歲之間年齡的大象進(jìn)行馴象最為經(jīng)濟”英文表達(dá)“年齡to 經(jīng)濟一個大象for馴練是在15and20年（歲）之間”完全轉(zhuǎn)換“age to capture an elephant for training is between 15 and 20 years ”
6】海浪是大海和空氣相斗的產(chǎn)物，無限的一種不間斷的標(biāo)志。太陽光刺激了地球的大氣層，并給予它能量；陽光使空氣開始流動，產(chǎn)生節(jié)奏，獲得生命。然后，風(fēng)把太陽的住處帶給了大海，海洋用波浪的形式傳遞這個信息 -- 一個源過流長、高雅而有力的信息。
Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“海浪s是大海和空氣相斗的產(chǎn)物，無限的一種不間斷的標(biāo)志”英文表達(dá)：“海浪是孩子（產(chǎn)物）of 爭斗在海洋和空氣，（一種）不間斷的標(biāo)志s of 無限的”完全轉(zhuǎn)換：“waves are children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere ,the ongoing signatures of infinity”
7】公海上起伏的波浪是由3個自然因素構(gòu)成的：風(fēng)、地球的運動或震顫和月亮、太陽的引力。一旦波浪形成，地球引力是持續(xù)不斷企圖使海面復(fù)原為平面的力量。
The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“公海上起伏的波浪是有3個自然因素構(gòu)成的：風(fēng)、地球的運動或震顫和月亮，太陽的引力”英文表達(dá)：“起伏的波浪s of 敞開的海面（公海）被構(gòu)成by 3種自然因素s：風(fēng)，地球的運動s或者顫抖（震顫），and 引力推動of 月亮和太陽”完全轉(zhuǎn)換“the undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes :wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.
8】我的認(rèn)識的作家寥寥無幾，然而凡是我所認(rèn)識和尊敬的作家，都立即承認(rèn)在他們動筆時，不清楚要寫什么，怎么寫。他們心中只在一個或兩個角色。他們處于急切不安的狀態(tài)，而被當(dāng)作是靈感。他們無不承認(rèn)，一旦“旅程”開始，“目的地”常有急劇的變化。
I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they the are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun;
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“他們無不承認(rèn)，一旦‘旅程’開始，‘目的地’常有急劇的變化”英文表達(dá)：“所有人（寫書人）承認(rèn)激烈地變化s of 目的地 一旦旅程開始”完全轉(zhuǎn)換：“all admit radical changes of the destination once the journey has begun ”
9】據(jù)我所知，有位作家花了9個月的時間寫了一部關(guān)克什米爾的小說，后來卻把整個故事背景換成了蘇格蘭高地。我從未聽說過任何一位作家像我們在學(xué)校那樣，動筆前先列什么提綱。作家在剪裁修改、構(gòu)思時間、穿插情節(jié)、以至從頭重寫的過程中，會領(lǐng)悟到素材中很多東西是他剛動筆時所未意識到的。這種有機的加工過程往往達(dá)到不尋常自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的境界，具有難以言表的構(gòu)思魅力。
one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a 'skeleton', as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“這種有機的加工過程往往達(dá)到不尋常自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的境界，具有難以言表的的構(gòu)思魅力”英文表達(dá)：“這種有機構(gòu)造的過程，常常導(dǎo)致ing to 發(fā)現(xiàn) of 不同尋常的境界自我發(fā)現(xiàn)，是 of 一種不能言表的（構(gòu)思）魅力”完全轉(zhuǎn)換：“this organic process ,offen leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery ,is of an indexcribable fascination.”
10】一旦作家從內(nèi)心的紊亂中理出頭緒，就應(yīng)該按任何評論家想像不到的無情規(guī)范約束自己寫作；當(dāng)他沽名釣譽時，他就脫離了自我生活，脫離了對自己靈魂最深處世界的探索。
A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.
寫作法則提煉：中文表達(dá)：“當(dāng)他沽名釣譽時，他就脫離了自我生活，脫離了對自己靈魂最深處世界的探索。”英文表達(dá)：“當(dāng)他不以為然(沽名釣譽)with 名譽，他就脫離了從生活with 他自己，脫離了尋找 for what 他的世界包含在最深處的點”完全轉(zhuǎn)換：“when he flirt with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself ,from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point ”