雅思(ielts)寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的深度剖析2

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三、詞匯資源
    詞匯的多少并不能決定文章的好壞,但用詞的精準(zhǔn)性是可以加分的。一般來說,詞匯的準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)可以通過兩個(gè)方面達(dá)到,一是在用詞的難度上拔高,二是在近義詞的多種表達(dá)上提升。譬如要描述一個(gè)好人,很多同學(xué)首先想到的形容詞就是good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright等詞,而這些詞往往很難出彩,因?yàn)槊枋鎏^于抽象,如果能用到諸如ambitious, tactful, eloquent, charismatic, committed之類的詞就很具體了。當(dāng)然,??功夫就可以運(yùn)用自如的,還有,值得提醒的是不要認(rèn)為這些詞好就過分堆積,會(huì)給考官留下華而不實(shí)的感覺,正如優(yōu)秀的廚師往往都不會(huì)用太多的佐料,而只需油鹽就可以了。
    四、語法的多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性
    句子的好壞主要取決于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性和豐富性,句子的長(zhǎng)度和復(fù)雜性以及用語的邏輯性和正式性。
    句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性涉及主謂一致、句子平衡性等問題,比如:The main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 這個(gè)句子不細(xì)心的同學(xué)很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它有問題,因?yàn)橹髡Z太長(zhǎng)有時(shí)會(huì)忽視真正的主語其實(shí)是the main reason,是個(gè)單數(shù)形式,所以are 應(yīng)該改為is. 再比如:In my opinion, use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters. 這是個(gè)很典型的錯(cuò)誤,很多同學(xué)在寫作的過程當(dāng)中會(huì)誤把動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語當(dāng)主語用而造成句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤,而只有動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式才能在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語,因此,此句正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是:In my opinion, using mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than writing letters.
    句子結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性也是考官給分的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn),好的段落應(yīng)該由不同的句式組成,而不應(yīng)該是千篇一律的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing. 很明顯,該句完全由“I + do”結(jié)構(gòu)組成且like 使用的頻率過高,我們不妨做如下修改:I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, I’d prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.
    句子的長(zhǎng)度和難度是很多考生追求的目標(biāo),其實(shí)并不需要每個(gè)句子都寫得很長(zhǎng)很復(fù)雜,相反,如果整篇文章都是長(zhǎng)難句,考官也會(huì)覺得很厭煩,就像一個(gè)人喜歡吃紅燒肉,如果你天天給他吃紅燒肉,他也會(huì)覺得很膩味一樣,因此的方法就是長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合。
    下面介紹一種把短句變長(zhǎng)的方法,即善用連接詞and, but, or, yet, so等。例如:Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus.不難看出,這是兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn),因此我們可以將其變?yōu)椋篖iving off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.
    除了句子的長(zhǎng)度和豐富性外,還有一點(diǎn)是不容忽視的,即用語的正式性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。實(shí)際上,在漢語中也有很多這樣的例子,比如我們說:“這里人真多?。 边@就是一個(gè)典型的口語化的表達(dá)方式,而如果用“人山人海”、“車水馬龍”、“摩肩接踵”等詞來形容人多就是寫作語言了。我們不妨看幾個(gè)非正式用語的句子:Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 此句中的kids和stuff就是兩個(gè)非正式用語,如變成:Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities.就正式了。再如:People always say competitive sports are totally cool.此句中的cool以及這個(gè)句式都是屬于比較口語化的,應(yīng)該變?yōu)椋篒t is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.
    “冰凍三尺,非一日之寒”,要想在雅思考試中折桂,還需付出艱辛的努力,但只要找準(zhǔn)了努力的方向,按照雅思考試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去準(zhǔn)備,我想一切的付出都會(huì)有回報(bào)的。值得一提的是,關(guān)于寫作模板大概有兩派觀點(diǎn),一種人認(rèn)為模板無用,還有一種人則認(rèn)為離了模板無法動(dòng)筆,而我則認(rèn)為,寫作模板就如同廚師的配方,所有的美味佳肴都出自這些方子,但如果某天這個(gè)秘方被人偷了去,廚師照樣能炒出可口的飯菜,而那位偷了秘方的人也未必能得償所愿,因?yàn)樗赡苷莆詹涣嘶鸷?。所以,只有把模板?dāng)作一種參考,潛心研究,多一點(diǎn)積累,才能成就自己的語言,才會(huì)烹飪出雅思寫作的饕餮大餐!