Section II Use of English
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.
5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.
This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.
1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased
2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare
3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against
4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately
5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence
6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk
7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects
8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question
9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating
10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total
11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately
[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably
12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers
13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve
14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile
15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down
16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing
17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument
18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined
19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed
20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous
1、答案：B
解析：本題測試語義邏輯銜接。 " selected" 意為 "挑選"; "prepared"意為 "準(zhǔn)備"； "obliged"意為"迫使，責(zé)成"；"pleased"意為"高興地，滿足地"， 前一句"人們不敢說"，本句中由"but "一詞可推出意思與上句相反，即"Cochran 準(zhǔn)備說"， 所以選B.
2、答案：D
解析：本題測試詞義辨析 。"unique"意為"的， 獨(dú)特的"；"particular"意為"特殊的， 獨(dú)特的"；"special"意為"特別的， 特殊的"；"rare"意為"稀罕的，珍貴的"，rare bird 意為"稀有的人"，空格相關(guān)意思是"只有Cochra準(zhǔn)備說"， 而且 "rare bird" 是固定搭配,所以選D
3、答案：A
解析：本題測試介詞的語意搭配, independently of 意為"不依賴于， 獨(dú)立"，所以選A
4、答案：C
解析：本題測試詞義辨析。由"actually"推出本句是對現(xiàn)在和以前對疾病看法的對比，所以選C
5、答案：C
解析：本題測試副詞的用法及語段的連貫性。Even 做程度副詞，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，意為"即使他自己也…".所以選C
6、答案：A
解析：本題測試詞義搭配。空格相關(guān)意思是"一想到他即將要做的，即使他自己也…." "At thought of "意為"一看到…"； at sight of意為年"一看見"；at cost of 意為"以…的代價(jià)"；at risk of意為"冒著….的危險(xiǎn)"，所以選A
7、答案：B
解析：本題測試動(dòng)詞辨析。advice意為 "建議"； suggest意為"建議，提出'"； protest"主張，斷言"； object"反對"，此句指"在論文中， 他建議…"，所以選B
8、答案：D
解析：本題測試詞組搭配，in progress 意為"進(jìn)行中"；in fact 意為"事實(shí)上"； in need意為"在危難中"； in question 意為"正在被討論的"，前一句正在談?wù)?" group群體" ,本句銜接上一句表達(dá)"正在被討論的這個(gè)群體"，所以選D
9. 答案：B
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。從該句中的12-15 points 可知，前面的動(dòng)詞是與分?jǐn)?shù)相關(guān)的。score的意思是得分，打分，而其他三項(xiàng)沒有這層意思。故答案為B。
10. 答案：C
解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。文中提到這組人IQ測試得分比100分高12-15分，按照常識，100分是平均分，mean的意思是平均的。所以答案為C。
11. 答案：B
解析：本題考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和副詞辨析。disproportionately的意思是不成比例地，不相稱地，比例太大(或太小的)。這句話要傳達(dá)的意思是這組人做貢獻(xiàn)的比例非常大，故答案選B。
12. 答案：D
解析：本題考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和名詞辨析。as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句用一些精英(包括科學(xué)家)的職業(yè)證明前面提到的這組人所做的貢獻(xiàn)非常大，career的意思是職業(yè)，事業(yè)，符合此意，故選D。
13. 答案：A
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)[A]affirm意為確認(rèn)，肯定，符合題意。而[B]witness常用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示見證，表明；[C]observe, 表示觀察，評論，以人作主語；[D]意思為批準(zhǔn)，通過的意思，也是人作主語。故答案為A。
14. 答案：C
解析：本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。前文同時(shí)敘述了關(guān)于這組人的兩種現(xiàn)象，這兩種現(xiàn)象明顯是有關(guān)聯(lián)的，但是這句話說到先前人們認(rèn)為兩者沒有關(guān)系，上下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。
15. 答案：D
解析：本題考查固定搭配。get down to的意思是歸因于，符合句意。而give up to的意思是讓給，get over to的意思是讓某人明白某事，carry on的意思是繼續(xù)開展，堅(jiān)持，均不合題意。故答案為D。
16. 答案：D
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處要傳達(dá)的意思是重視教育的傳統(tǒng)，只有[D]valuing符合題意。
17. 答案：C
解析：本題考查名詞辨析。此句的意思是后者是由genetic isolation導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，consequence的意思是結(jié)果，后果，故答案為C。
18. 答案：A
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此句Dr. Cochran的觀點(diǎn)是這兩者是密切關(guān)聯(lián)的。link表示兩者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)或聯(lián)系；integrate表示兩者結(jié)合為一個(gè)整體；wave表示兩者交織在一起；combine表示兩者結(jié)合。只有l(wèi)ink符合題意。故選A。
19. 答案：B
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。subject to意為使…經(jīng)受或遭受；limit to表示限制；convert to表示轉(zhuǎn)變；direct to表示指向。本句的意思是說這些人不同尋常的歷史使他們經(jīng)受了獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力，只有B符合題意。
20. 答案：A
解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。此處要傳達(dá)的意思是獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力導(dǎo)致了這種似乎矛盾的狀況。paradoxical 表示似乎矛盾的，似是而非的；incompatible表示不兼容的，不協(xié)調(diào)的；inevitable表示不可避免的；continuous表示連續(xù)的。只有A符合題意。
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.
5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.
This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.
1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased
2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare
3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against
4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately
5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence
6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk
7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects
8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question
9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating
10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total
11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately
[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably
12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers
13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve
14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile
15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down
16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing
17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument
18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined
19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed
20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous
1、答案：B
解析：本題測試語義邏輯銜接。 " selected" 意為 "挑選"; "prepared"意為 "準(zhǔn)備"； "obliged"意為"迫使，責(zé)成"；"pleased"意為"高興地，滿足地"， 前一句"人們不敢說"，本句中由"but "一詞可推出意思與上句相反，即"Cochran 準(zhǔn)備說"， 所以選B.
2、答案：D
解析：本題測試詞義辨析 。"unique"意為"的， 獨(dú)特的"；"particular"意為"特殊的， 獨(dú)特的"；"special"意為"特別的， 特殊的"；"rare"意為"稀罕的，珍貴的"，rare bird 意為"稀有的人"，空格相關(guān)意思是"只有Cochra準(zhǔn)備說"， 而且 "rare bird" 是固定搭配,所以選D
3、答案：A
解析：本題測試介詞的語意搭配, independently of 意為"不依賴于， 獨(dú)立"，所以選A
4、答案：C
解析：本題測試詞義辨析。由"actually"推出本句是對現(xiàn)在和以前對疾病看法的對比，所以選C
5、答案：C
解析：本題測試副詞的用法及語段的連貫性。Even 做程度副詞，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，意為"即使他自己也…".所以選C
6、答案：A
解析：本題測試詞義搭配。空格相關(guān)意思是"一想到他即將要做的，即使他自己也…." "At thought of "意為"一看到…"； at sight of意為年"一看見"；at cost of 意為"以…的代價(jià)"；at risk of意為"冒著….的危險(xiǎn)"，所以選A
7、答案：B
解析：本題測試動(dòng)詞辨析。advice意為 "建議"； suggest意為"建議，提出'"； protest"主張，斷言"； object"反對"，此句指"在論文中， 他建議…"，所以選B
8、答案：D
解析：本題測試詞組搭配，in progress 意為"進(jìn)行中"；in fact 意為"事實(shí)上"； in need意為"在危難中"； in question 意為"正在被討論的"，前一句正在談?wù)?" group群體" ,本句銜接上一句表達(dá)"正在被討論的這個(gè)群體"，所以選D
9. 答案：B
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。從該句中的12-15 points 可知，前面的動(dòng)詞是與分?jǐn)?shù)相關(guān)的。score的意思是得分，打分，而其他三項(xiàng)沒有這層意思。故答案為B。
10. 答案：C
解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。文中提到這組人IQ測試得分比100分高12-15分，按照常識，100分是平均分，mean的意思是平均的。所以答案為C。
11. 答案：B
解析：本題考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和副詞辨析。disproportionately的意思是不成比例地，不相稱地，比例太大(或太小的)。這句話要傳達(dá)的意思是這組人做貢獻(xiàn)的比例非常大，故答案選B。
12. 答案：D
解析：本題考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和名詞辨析。as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句用一些精英(包括科學(xué)家)的職業(yè)證明前面提到的這組人所做的貢獻(xiàn)非常大，career的意思是職業(yè)，事業(yè)，符合此意，故選D。
13. 答案：A
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)[A]affirm意為確認(rèn)，肯定，符合題意。而[B]witness常用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示見證，表明；[C]observe, 表示觀察，評論，以人作主語；[D]意思為批準(zhǔn)，通過的意思，也是人作主語。故答案為A。
14. 答案：C
解析：本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。前文同時(shí)敘述了關(guān)于這組人的兩種現(xiàn)象，這兩種現(xiàn)象明顯是有關(guān)聯(lián)的，但是這句話說到先前人們認(rèn)為兩者沒有關(guān)系，上下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。
15. 答案：D
解析：本題考查固定搭配。get down to的意思是歸因于，符合句意。而give up to的意思是讓給，get over to的意思是讓某人明白某事，carry on的意思是繼續(xù)開展，堅(jiān)持，均不合題意。故答案為D。
16. 答案：D
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處要傳達(dá)的意思是重視教育的傳統(tǒng)，只有[D]valuing符合題意。
17. 答案：C
解析：本題考查名詞辨析。此句的意思是后者是由genetic isolation導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，consequence的意思是結(jié)果，后果，故答案為C。
18. 答案：A
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此句Dr. Cochran的觀點(diǎn)是這兩者是密切關(guān)聯(lián)的。link表示兩者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)或聯(lián)系；integrate表示兩者結(jié)合為一個(gè)整體；wave表示兩者交織在一起；combine表示兩者結(jié)合。只有l(wèi)ink符合題意。故選A。
19. 答案：B
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。subject to意為使…經(jīng)受或遭受；limit to表示限制；convert to表示轉(zhuǎn)變；direct to表示指向。本句的意思是說這些人不同尋常的歷史使他們經(jīng)受了獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力，只有B符合題意。
20. 答案：A
解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。此處要傳達(dá)的意思是獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力導(dǎo)致了這種似乎矛盾的狀況。paradoxical 表示似乎矛盾的，似是而非的；incompatible表示不兼容的，不協(xié)調(diào)的；inevitable表示不可避免的；continuous表示連續(xù)的。只有A符合題意。