36 The passage is mainly concemed with
A the modes of thinking that are used by technologists．
B the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design．
C the new role for nonscientific thinking in engineering．
D the difference between the goals of engineers and those of technologists．
37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example involving nonverbal thinking in paragraphs 1 and 2?
A Building cathedrals．
B Creating rockets．
C Designing diesel engines．
D Making boats．
38 The example of the diesel engine is used in the passage to illustrate that
A errors in engineering design are unavoidable．
B the nonscientific component design is primary．
C mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design．
D design courses form a part of engineering curricula．
39 It can be inferred that the writer thinks that engineering curricula are
A strengthened when they include courses in design．
B weakened by the courses designed to develop mathematical skills．
C weak because they include some nonscientific components．
D strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking?
40 What contributes to random failures in automatic control systems?
A Using too many inexperienced engineers in the field．
B Attaching too much importance to nonverbal thinking in engineering.
C Relying too heavily on the role of mathematics in design．
D Depending very little on verbal mathematical thought.
第三篇 Black Hoies
What is a black hole?Well，it's difficult to answer this question，since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here．Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space(not a thing)into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape-not even light．So we can't see a black hole．A black hole exerts(施加)a strong gravitational(重力的)pull and yet it has no matter．It is only space-or so we think. How can this happen?
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point；they"collapse"and sometimes a supernova(超新星)occurs．The collapse of a star may produce a
"White Dwarf (白矮星)"of a"neutron star"一a star whose matter is so dense that lt continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity．But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results．Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble，but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull，and you have some idea of the force of a black hole．Any matter near the black hole is sucked in．It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole．
Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole.Einstein's relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena．Einstein claimed that matter
and energy are interchangeable．so that there is no"absolute"time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer-they are relative．Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence．It is only recently that astronomers have begun
specific research into black holes．
The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary(由兩部分組成的) star systems．In some binary star systems，astronomers have shown that there is an
invisible companion star,a"partner"to the one which we can see in the sky．There is one star,called by its catalogue number HDE 226868．which must have a partner．This partner star,it seems．has a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sun-yet we can't see it．Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion star．Could this invisible star,which exerts such a great force，be a black hole?Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too，which might have black holes as companions．
4l Which of the following does NOT fit the definition of the black hole?
A The black hole is a region of space．
B The black hole sucks in any object that passes by it．
C The black hole is visible through an infrared telescope．
D The black hole has no matter．
42 Why does the author put"neutron star"in quotation marks?
A It is a special term of astronomy．
B It is an inventedterm．
C He is quoting an authority．
D He is using the term ironically．
43 What leads to the formation of a black hole?
A The structure of a star．
B A collision between two stars．
C The attraction of two large stars．
D The shrinking of a large star by its own gravitational force.
44 According to Einstein's theory,objects in the area of a black hole
A are gathered in its center．
B strike against one another frequently．
C do not have absolute space．
D are relatively brighter．
45 We learn from this passage that
A the sun is the heaviest star in the universe．
B a star in the sky might have an invisible partner．
C two black holes are dragged towards each other．
D the mass of a star is equal to that of its companion.