第4部分：閱讀理解（第31~45題，每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇 A Thirsty World
The world is not only hungry,it is also thirsty for water．This may seem strange to you，since nearly 75％of the earth's surface is covered with water．But about 97％of this huge amount is sea-water．or saIt water．Man can only drink and use the other 3％-the fresh water that comes from rivers，lakes，underground，and other sources．And we cannot even use all of that, beeause some of it is in the fonn of icebergs(冰山)and glaciers (冰川)．Even worse,some of it has been po1luted．
At the moment，this small amount of flesh water is still enough for us.Howeve，our need for water is increasing rapidly．Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we_avoid
a severe worldwide water shortage later on．A limited water supply would have a bad eriect on alriculture and industry．
In addition to stopping wasting our precious water,one useful step we shouId take is to develop ways of reusing it . Experiments have alre．a(chǎn)dy been done in this field，but only on a small scale．
Today,in most large cities，water is used only once and it eventually retums to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks．But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a
purifying(凈化)plant．There it can be filtered(過(guò)濾)and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were flesh from a spring．
But even if every large city purified and reused its water，we still would not have enougn.Where could we tum next?To the oceans!All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is-remove the salt．This salt-removing process is already in use in many Parts of the world．
So if we take a11 these steps，we'11 be in no danger of drying up !
31 The phrase''the world"in the first line of the passage refers to
A "man"．
B "you"．
C "woman"．
D "they"．
32 What percentage of the earth's water can man actually use at present?
A Nearly 75 per cent．
B About 97 per cent．
C Exactly 3 per cent．
D Lessthan 3 per cent．
33 According to the passage，we can avoid a worldwide water shortage in the future by
A increasing rainfall．
B reusing water and utilizing sea-water.
C cutting down our consumption of water.
D reducing the number of factories producing steel．
34 Which of the following statements，according to the passage，is NOT true?
A A limited water supply will affect industrial production．
B Every large city purifies and reuses its water．
C Purified water is not exactly as flesh as spring water．
D Oceans are the largest water source．
35 According to the passage，sea-water can be turned into flesh water by
A heating it up．
B treating it with chemicals．
C taking salt out of it．
D drying it up.
第二篇 Nonverbal Thinking in Engineering
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science．However,their form and tunctlon，their dimensions and appearance，were determined by technologists．designers．
inventors，and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought．Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to clear verbal descriptions；they are dealt with in the mind by a visual，nonverbal process．Pyramids，cathedrals，and rockets exist not
because of geometry or thermo-dynamics(熱動(dòng)力學(xué))，but because they were first the picture in the minds of those who built them．
The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be seen in nearly every artifact (人工制品) that exists．For example，in designing a diesel engine ，a technologist might express individual(個(gè)人的)ways of nonoerbal，thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive (直覺(jué)的)sense of rightness and fitness．What would be the shape of the combustion chamber (燃燒室)?Where should the valves(閥)be placed?Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience，by physical requirement，by limitations of available space．a(chǎn)nd not in the least by a sense of form．Some decisions，such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations，but the nonscientific component design remains primary．
Design courses，then，should be an essential element of engineering curricula．Nonverbal thinking，a central mechanism in engineering design，involves perceptions，which is the special
techmque of the artist，not the scientist．Because perceptive processes are not assumed to need"hard thinking"，nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal mathematical thought．
If courses in design，which in a strongly analytical(分析的)engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving，are not provided，we can expect to
encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems．For example．early modes of high-speed railroad cars loaded with high-tech controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because the fan sucked snow into the electrical system．Random failures that bring automatic control systems into trouble are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇 A Thirsty World
The world is not only hungry,it is also thirsty for water．This may seem strange to you，since nearly 75％of the earth's surface is covered with water．But about 97％of this huge amount is sea-water．or saIt water．Man can only drink and use the other 3％-the fresh water that comes from rivers，lakes，underground，and other sources．And we cannot even use all of that, beeause some of it is in the fonn of icebergs(冰山)and glaciers (冰川)．Even worse,some of it has been po1luted．
At the moment，this small amount of flesh water is still enough for us.Howeve，our need for water is increasing rapidly．Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we_avoid
a severe worldwide water shortage later on．A limited water supply would have a bad eriect on alriculture and industry．
In addition to stopping wasting our precious water,one useful step we shouId take is to develop ways of reusing it . Experiments have alre．a(chǎn)dy been done in this field，but only on a small scale．
Today,in most large cities，water is used only once and it eventually retums to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks．But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a
purifying(凈化)plant．There it can be filtered(過(guò)濾)and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were flesh from a spring．
But even if every large city purified and reused its water，we still would not have enougn.Where could we tum next?To the oceans!All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is-remove the salt．This salt-removing process is already in use in many Parts of the world．
So if we take a11 these steps，we'11 be in no danger of drying up !
31 The phrase''the world"in the first line of the passage refers to
A "man"．
B "you"．
C "woman"．
D "they"．
32 What percentage of the earth's water can man actually use at present?
A Nearly 75 per cent．
B About 97 per cent．
C Exactly 3 per cent．
D Lessthan 3 per cent．
33 According to the passage，we can avoid a worldwide water shortage in the future by
A increasing rainfall．
B reusing water and utilizing sea-water.
C cutting down our consumption of water.
D reducing the number of factories producing steel．
34 Which of the following statements，according to the passage，is NOT true?
A A limited water supply will affect industrial production．
B Every large city purifies and reuses its water．
C Purified water is not exactly as flesh as spring water．
D Oceans are the largest water source．
35 According to the passage，sea-water can be turned into flesh water by
A heating it up．
B treating it with chemicals．
C taking salt out of it．
D drying it up.
第二篇 Nonverbal Thinking in Engineering
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science．However,their form and tunctlon，their dimensions and appearance，were determined by technologists．designers．
inventors，and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought．Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to clear verbal descriptions；they are dealt with in the mind by a visual，nonverbal process．Pyramids，cathedrals，and rockets exist not
because of geometry or thermo-dynamics(熱動(dòng)力學(xué))，but because they were first the picture in the minds of those who built them．
The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be seen in nearly every artifact (人工制品) that exists．For example，in designing a diesel engine ，a technologist might express individual(個(gè)人的)ways of nonoerbal，thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive (直覺(jué)的)sense of rightness and fitness．What would be the shape of the combustion chamber (燃燒室)?Where should the valves(閥)be placed?Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience，by physical requirement，by limitations of available space．a(chǎn)nd not in the least by a sense of form．Some decisions，such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations，but the nonscientific component design remains primary．
Design courses，then，should be an essential element of engineering curricula．Nonverbal thinking，a central mechanism in engineering design，involves perceptions，which is the special
techmque of the artist，not the scientist．Because perceptive processes are not assumed to need"hard thinking"，nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal mathematical thought．
If courses in design，which in a strongly analytical(分析的)engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving，are not provided，we can expect to
encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems．For example．early modes of high-speed railroad cars loaded with high-tech controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because the fan sucked snow into the electrical system．Random failures that bring automatic control systems into trouble are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.