以下是Issue題庫101-244題的中文翻譯新版，(1-100已發(fā)表)借鑒了pleased SeizeMoon等對題目的翻譯，更正了其中一些不確切和模糊的翻譯，我的體會是翻譯與填空的解題原則一樣，論題中有的詞有多個意思，應(yīng)關(guān)注其上下文兩句話的對比關(guān)系，而且只有這樣，作文才能扣題。
一直希望回饋寄托聯(lián)盟其他網(wǎng)友的工作，因為做過一段時間的翻譯，故翻譯了這些題
目，并希望與我探討。
101 "Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can fl ourish and be available to all people."
101.政府應(yīng)資助藝術(shù)家，促進藝術(shù)繁榮，以便人們都能接觸到藝術(shù)。
102 "For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."
102.不論好壞，教育改變了人們以前的想法、信念和價值觀。
103 "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
103.研究歷史的價值只體現(xiàn)在這種研究和我們的日常生活相關(guān)時。
104 "It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpe
tuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."
104.一種文化要想保留它認為好的思想，消除它認為不好的思想，主要是通過正規(guī)的教育。
105 "The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."
105.當政府愿意接受來自其公民的質(zhì)疑時，才表明這個國家真正的強大。
106 "All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."
106.學生們應(yīng)該被要求至少學習一種道德規(guī)范課程，即使這樣會影響學術(shù)課程的學習。
107 "Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view."
107.實時通信系統(tǒng)促使人們匆忙決定并快速作出回應(yīng)，而不是花時間得出一個仔細思考過、合情合理的觀點。
108 "In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and vie w government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings-- trials, debates, meetings, etc -- that are televised, the more society will benefit."
108.在很多國家，從電視上看到政府人員辦公的場景已是可能。觀看這些過程有助于人們理解影響他們生活的問題。政府辦公如審判、辯論、會議等的各個場景，轉(zhuǎn)播得越多，對社會越有益。
109 "The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves."
109.很多廣告的目的是要讓消費者因為擁有產(chǎn)品后“像”廣告中的人物而購買某種產(chǎn)品，這樣的廣告是有效的，因為這樣既銷售了產(chǎn)品，又讓人們自我感覺良好。
110 "When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storyte llers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
110.當我們研究歷史時，我們變成了講故事的人。因為我們無從直接知道過去發(fā)生的事情，必須通過一些證據(jù)來構(gòu)建，所以歷史研究是一個有創(chuàng)造成分的領(lǐng)域，而并非一個客觀的學科。所有的歷史學家都是講故事的人(storyteller)。
111 "The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements i s seriously diminishing the differences among cultures."
111.全球性電視節(jié)目和廣告極大地減少了各種文化之間的差異。
112 "Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."
112.一些教育機構(gòu)強調(diào)培養(yǎng)學生的推理和邏輯思考能力，但是如果也教會學生認知自我的情感，學生們將受益更多。
113 "It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."
113.定位自己，主要是通過定位自己所處的社會團體。
114 "Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Te chnological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity."
114.人道主義在上個世紀并沒有真正的發(fā)展?？萍及l(fā)展，但是人道主義的整體面貌并沒有得到改善。戰(zhàn)爭、暴力、貧窮一直困擾著我們?？萍疾荒芨淖?nèi)说乐髁x狀況。
115 "It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement tha t we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated."
115.通過邏輯思維和精確的測量手段才能獲知我們的進步。沒有這些工具，就沒有參考點來標明我們進步了多少，退步了多少。
116 "With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and comm unication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society -- including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences -- will benefit greatly from international influences."
116.隨著經(jīng)濟和通訊等領(lǐng)域的全球化，毫無疑問，社會的方方面面，包括教育、政治、藝術(shù)和科學，都將從這種國際化影響中獲益非淺。
117 "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader t han what can be learned from direct experience."
117.從書本中所學的知識要比從直接的實踐中學到的更豐富、更廣博。
118 "In any field of endeavor -- the sciences, the humanities, the social s ciences, industry, etc. -- it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."
118.在任何領(lǐng)域如科學、人文、社會科學、工業(yè)等，我們大的收獲在于達成目標的道路上的經(jīng)驗和發(fā)現(xiàn)，而不是獲取目標本身。
119 "When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"
119.為科學、教育或其他任何領(lǐng)域設(shè)定研究優(yōu)先級時，需要考慮的問題是：如果研究成功，多少人將從中受益？
120 "So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understandin g of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
120.現(xiàn)代生活是嶄新、復雜的，認知過去對現(xiàn)在沒有指導價值。
121 "At various times in the geological past, many species have become exti nct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."
121.在過去不同的地質(zhì)時期，很多物種的滅絕都是自然因素造成，而并非人類行為。所以，社會沒有理由花費很大的人力物力去拯救瀕臨滅絕的物種。
122 "We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed."
122.幾乎所有的知識都歸功于和我們意見不同的人，而并非和我們意見一致的人。
123 "It is possible to identify a person's politics within a very short tim e of meeting him or her. Everything about people -- their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat -- reflects their political beliefs."
123.和一個人相處很短的時間就有可能知道他的政治立場。所有與他們相關(guān)的如衣服、朋友、談話的方式、所吃的食物都反映出他們的政治信仰。
124 "Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of the se recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before."
124.快餐、實時通訊、高速運輸，所有這些新發(fā)展都是為了節(jié)省人們的時間。但具有諷刺意味的是，這些進步非但沒有給人們帶來更多的閑暇時間，反而讓人們的生活節(jié)奏越來越忙亂。
125 "The past is no predictor of the future."
125.過去并不能預示將來。
126 "Society's external rewards are no measure of true success. True succes s can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself."
126.社會所給予的外部獎勵不是成功的真正衡量標準。真正的成功只能通過自己所設(shè)立的目標來衡量。
127 "Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our i nclinations, or the dictates of our passions."
127.事實是不容改變的。它不會由于我們的希望、傾向或個人意志而改變。
128 "It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free."
128.人們經(jīng)常說教育的目的是釋放人們的心靈。但實際上，正規(guī)的教育卻傾向于束縛而非釋放了人們的心靈。
129 "Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern li fe."
129.科技對現(xiàn)代生活是必須的，但并非任何時候都能起到積極的作用。
130 "How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. U nfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."
130.孩子融入社會的能力決定了社會的命運。遺憾的是，我們還不知道怎樣培養(yǎng)孩子使他們對社會有益。
131 "The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidd en ideas and impulses of a society."
131.藝術(shù)(繪畫、音樂、文學等)展現(xiàn)了那些隱藏的觀點和社會的脈動。
132 "The university community consists of three different worlds -- the sci ences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences."
132.大學包含三種不同的領(lǐng)域：科學、人文和社會科學。因為每種領(lǐng)域都有自己的設(shè)定和特殊的思維習慣，所以三者之間很少存在有意義的互動。
133 "The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: 'We l ive in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time."
133.現(xiàn)代社會中的問題使很多人抱怨：“我們生活在一個糟糕的年代?！钡绻屗麄儊磉x擇，沒有人會愿意過以往的生活。
134 "Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rheto rical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs."
134.必須鼓勵學生們意識到：機智和修辭技巧必須以真誠和真正的信仰為基礎(chǔ)。
135 "While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use o f technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems."
135.雖然我們面臨的大多數(shù)環(huán)境問題都來源于科技的應(yīng)用，我們應(yīng)該依靠科技本身來尋找這些問題的解決方案。
136 "The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."
136.沒有選擇的情形非常少見。
137 "What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another."
137.我們所謂的進步只不過是把一個問題轉(zhuǎn)化成了另一個問題。
138 "Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."
138.不犯錯誤就不會有發(fā)現(xiàn)和進步。
139 "Every new generation needs to redefine 'right' and 'wrong' in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time."
139.每一代人都需要根據(jù)自己所處的時代情形重新定義“對”與“錯”的概念。
140 "What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and ind ividual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent."
140.社會認為大的社會成就、政治成就和個人成就往往招致極大的不滿。
141 "Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is t hat personal economic success requires conformity."
141.大多數(shù)人只意識到個性化的益處，但實際上個人的經(jīng)濟成功需要一致性。
142 "The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people questi on authority."
142.當許多公民質(zhì)疑權(quán)威的時候，社會才能更富強。
143 "Artists should pay little attention to their critics. *Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity." *those who evaluate w orks of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
143.藝術(shù)家應(yīng)該對給予他們的批評毫不理會。批評家總是削弱和限制藝術(shù)家的創(chuàng)造力。*評價藝術(shù)作品，例如小說、電影、音樂、繪畫等的人。
144 "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of last ing value." *a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, mu sic, paintings, etc.
144.是藝術(shù)家而不是批評家，帶給社會一些具有持久價值的東西。
*批評家指經(jīng)常評價藝術(shù)作品，例如小說、電影、音樂、繪畫等的人。
145 "A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changin g social conventions without sacrificing one's principles."
145.性格測試關(guān)鍵的一點就是看一個人能否在不犧牲個人原則的基礎(chǔ)上適應(yīng)變化的社會習俗。
146 "People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it."
146.對某思想或策略執(zhí)著的人往往對其挑剔。
147 "Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."
147.傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代不相容。人們必須在二者之間做出選擇。
148 "Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble."
148.許多人崇尚理想主義，但它往往帶來失望或煩惱。
149 "The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive proj ects."
149.保護野生環(huán)境實際有效的方法就是通過環(huán)保項目吸引更多的觀光客到那些地方去。
150 "Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can n ow become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete."
150.通過電視和世界聯(lián)網(wǎng)的計算機，人們得以了解很多他們沒有去過的地方。所以，旅游業(yè)會越來越不景氣。
151 "High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail an d television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."
151.高速的電子通訊媒介，如電子郵件和電視，阻止了人們有思想、有意義的交流。
152 "The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay wi thin the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies."
152.對于公司的執(zhí)行官，他們的任務(wù)就是在法律允許的范圍內(nèi)，為公司賺取盡可能多的金錢。
153 "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. The y should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
153.學生們應(yīng)該帶著一定的懷疑態(tài)度對待所學的任何東西。他們應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑老師教給他們的東西，而不是被動地接受。
154 "Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Ed ucation is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."
154.家長和社會都應(yīng)該參與到當?shù)氐膶W校中來。教育太重要了，不能只靠專業(yè)教育者。
155 "Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading book s is no longer very important."
155.當代社會提供了很多學習的途徑，讀書這種學習方式已經(jīng)不是很重要了。
156 "Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are controlled by the soc iety in which we live."
156.選擇只是幻想。實際上，每個人的生活都是由所在的社會決定的。
157 "There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observatio n is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."
157.沒有哪件事情是完全客觀觀察的結(jié)果。所有的觀察都是主觀的，通常由觀察者的期望和意愿所導引。
158 The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to stu dents' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects."
158.藝術(shù)(音樂、舞蹈、視覺藝術(shù)等)對學生的教育非常重要的，因此它們應(yīng)該得到和數(shù)學、科學、閱讀以及其他主流課程一樣的重視。
159 "The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines ar e only tools of human minds."
159.人類思維總是勝過機器，因為機器只不過是人類思維的工具而已。
160 "The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to re main consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little."
160.有效力的本質(zhì)的品質(zhì)就是對特定原則和目標的堅持。任何，如果他很容易受到流行觀點的影響，那他就一事無成。
161 "In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
161.在媒體鋪天蓋地的年代，不可能樹立英雄。任何人在媒體的“審視”下都會名聲掃地。
162 "One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed."
162.我們經(jīng)常聽到個人需要為自己的生活負責任。但是在人們認識到自己所處的情形之前，這些情形很大程度上已確定。所以個人責任要比通常認為的要復雜和不切實際的得多。
163 "Most people live, whether physically or morally, in a very restricted circle. They make use of a very limited portion of the resources available to them until they face a great problem or crisis."
163.大多數(shù)人，不管是肉體上還是精神上，都局限于有限的范圍內(nèi)。直到他們遇到重大問題或危機的時候，才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己只不過利用了可用資源很有限的一部分而已。
164 "Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can appro ach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes."
164.想象力有時比經(jīng)驗更有價值。缺乏實際經(jīng)驗的人對可能性有更自由的想象空間，所以能夠不受固有的習慣和思維的限制來完成任務(wù)。
165 "In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motiva ted not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority."
165.在任何領(lǐng)域，主要的聲音來自于這些人，他們并不是由信念驅(qū)動，而是由希望表達和大多數(shù)人相異的觀點和想法的意愿所驅(qū)動。
166 "Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable."
166.上個世紀，科技的大貢獻在于使人們的生活更舒適。
167 "It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth a ll the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician."
167.有效力的政治在任何時候都告訴真相是不可能的。對于政治家來說，太坦白不是美德。
168 "Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless i t comes from someone who is an expert in that field."
168.在任何領(lǐng)域，只有該領(lǐng)域?qū)＜易龀龅脑u判才是有價值的。
169 "Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate rea lms fail to understand either the one or the other."
169.認為政治和道德是兩碼事的人既不懂政治又不懂道德。
170 "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
170.偉大國家可靠的標志不是其統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家或者科學家的成就，而是全體人民的福利。
171 "People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people wh o try to act for the public good."
171.那些純粹出于個人原因追求自己學術(shù)興趣的人，相比出于公眾利益努力的人，更有可能造福他人。
172 "Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attac ks upon the accepted wisdom of the time."
172.真正的真理開始都是可憎的，或至少是令人不舒服的，和那個時代業(yè)已形成的至理名言相抵觸。
173 "Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought be fore; it means putting old ideas together in new ways."
173.創(chuàng)造性不是指想人們沒有想過的東西；而是以新方式將舊觀點組織在一起。
174 "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible en ough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
174.法律不應(yīng)該太僵化、太固定。他們應(yīng)該是靈活的，考慮到各種實際情況、時間和地點。
175 "It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the deta ils may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."
175.總是某個個人推動了革新；可能由團隊完成細節(jié)，但是真正的革新來自于個人的進取心與不尋常的洞察力。
176 "The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset . Therein lies the value of each."
176.科學的目的是使人們安心，藝術(shù)的目的是使人們不安。這就是它們各自的價值。
177 "The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the wor ld. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."
177.對學術(shù)的研究改變了我們感知世界的方式。探究了這些領(lǐng)域之后，看同樣的世界，卻是不同的視角。
178 "It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's b ehavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."
178.控制、限制人們行為的法律可能建立，但是立法不能改變?nèi)藗兊谋拘裕蔁o法改變?nèi)藗兊乃妓搿?BR> 179 "What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but cer tainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open -- but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything."
179.人類真正希望獲取的不是知識，而是確定性。獲取真正的知識需要冒險，并且要有開放的心靈，但是大多數(shù)人更喜歡確定感，而不是去了解事物復雜的，甚至是使人不安的真相。
180 "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
180.現(xiàn)代社會的許多問題是法律和司法系統(tǒng)不能解決的，因為道德行為無法立法。
181 "The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with i n their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things."
181.研究者和學者們詮釋他們研究領(lǐng)域的資料時，更多的是一種個人化的行為，而不是擁有客觀的標準。當個性不同的人看待完全相同的物體、事實、數(shù)據(jù)或者事件時，會給出不同的詮釋，看到不同的東西。
182 "It is dangerous to trust only intelligence."
182.只相信智力是危險的。(Intelligence：The faculty of thought and reason.故智力-理性相對于直覺-感性，我的理解)
183 "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible , but more complex and more mysterious."
183.隨著我們獲取的知識越來越多，事情不是變得更好理解，而是變得更復雜更神秘。184 "It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."
184.在沒有證據(jù)之前就得出理論，是重大錯誤。
185 "Scandals -- whether in politics, academia, or other areas -- can be us eful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."
185.丑聞，不管是政治、學術(shù)還是其他領(lǐng)域，都是有用的。它們能吸引人們的注意力，而使我們聚焦于問題，以一種演講者和改革家都做不到的方式。
186 "Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world."
186.現(xiàn)在，實用性是我們大的追求，所有的力量和聰明才智都應(yīng)為其努力。任何沒有明顯實用性的東西在當今世界都是沒有價值的。
187 "It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most peopl e find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice."
187.人們很容易歡迎革新和接受新思想。但是，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)困難的是接受把新思想應(yīng)用到實踐中來的方式。
188 "Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to surv ive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it."
188.成功，不管是學術(shù)上還是專業(yè)上的，都包括適應(yīng)新環(huán)境并終改變它的能力。
189 "If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these w orks no longer answer the needs of the present."
189.如果人們忽視了過去的偉大成就，那是因為這些成就已不能再回應(yīng)目前的需要。
190 "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the b asic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate -- and, perhaps, even cruel -- when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
190.當人們挨餓、失業(yè)或者缺少維持生存的基本技能時，動用公眾資源來支持藝術(shù)就不合適了，也許，考慮到這些金錢的所有可能用途時，就更不人道了。
191 "Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers."
191.教育應(yīng)該把這兩件事看得同等重要-豐富學生的個人生活，把學生培養(yǎng)成生產(chǎn)者。
192 "Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or r isks than from careful and cautious planning."
192.生活各個方面的成功更多是來自機遇或者冒險，而不是仔細和謹慎的規(guī)劃。
193 "It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance."
193.更有持久影響的不是頭版頭條的政治事件，而是鮮有報道的社會變革。
194 "The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be compet itive, but learning to be cooperative."
194.為生活和工作做的好準備，不是學會競爭，而是學會合作。。
195 "The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."
195.政治的目標不應(yīng)是追求一個理想狀態(tài)，而是尋找共同點和合情合理的共識。
196 "Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or d amage the quality of life."
196.科技產(chǎn)生的問題多于所解決的，可能威脅或降低人們的生活質(zhì)量。
197 "The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily co nnected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries."
197.一個國家的生活質(zhì)量提高和社會的安定是和其他所有國家的生活質(zhì)量提高和社會安定密不可分的。
198 "Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreci ation of individual differences."
198.社會應(yīng)該贊賞個性差異，而不是鼓勵一致統(tǒng)一。
199 "Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from in dividuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone."
199.真正創(chuàng)新的思想不是來自群體，而是來自個人。當一個群體試圖創(chuàng)新時，群體中的成員使得彼此相互妥協(xié)，終削弱集體的創(chuàng)造性，趨向遵循傳統(tǒng)。大部分創(chuàng)造性思想來自于個人的獨立工作。
200 "The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquir ed through solitude, rather than through interaction with others."
200.難的莫過于認知自我，通常只能通過獨處，而非與他人交往來了解自己。
201 "The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value sy stem, a standard, a set of ideas -- not to prepare them for a specific job."
201.教育的目的應(yīng)是給學生提供一個價值系統(tǒng)，標準以及一系列理念，而不是使他們?yōu)槟骋惶囟üぷ髯龊脺蕚洹?BR> 202 "Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise."
202.和偉大的思想家、藝術(shù)家不同，有效力的政治必須經(jīng)常向公眾輿論讓步，有時為了折衷要放棄原則。
203 "The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine th e character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."
203.了解社會特征的佳方式就是研究那個社會所認為的英雄人物的特征。
204 "We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experie ncing it is to learn nothing at all."
204.我們通過直接經(jīng)驗學習；沒有通過實踐而接受一個理論是學不到任何東西的。
205 "As societies all over the world have more and more access to new infor mation, the effects on life-long learning can only be positive."
205.全世界的人有越來越多的途徑來獲取新信息，這對終身學習只會有積極的推動作用。
206 "People are too quick to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequences of what they might do."
206.人們行動太快了；他們應(yīng)該停下來想一想行動的可能后果。
207 "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
207.典禮和儀式有助于確立一種文化，否則人們的社會或群體的角色歸屬感削弱。
208 "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and intere sts. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."
208.人們的眼神、衣著和行動表現(xiàn)出他們的態(tài)度和興趣。你可以通過觀察人們的外表和行為來獲知許多這個社會的思想和價值觀。
209 "Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contras ting points of view."
209.在持不同意見的人們中展開討論是進步的佳方式。
210 "Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerati ons as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."
210.大多數(shù)人找工作是基于實用性的考慮：經(jīng)濟需求、較易找到工作，希望拿到的薪水。很少有人自由地根據(jù)自己對某一份工作的才能和興趣出發(fā)去選擇職業(yè)。
211 "Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an in dividual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions."
211.一個決策，不管政府、企業(yè)抑或個人做出的，都應(yīng)該考慮將來的情形多于目前的情形。
212 "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable. "
212.如果一個目標是值得的，那么追求目標的任何手段都是正當?shù)摹?BR> 213 "Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challeng e the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be a major goal in every school."
213.學校太強調(diào)教學生怎么質(zhì)疑他人的主張。實際上，培養(yǎng)折衷和與他人合作的能力，也就是促進社會和諧的能力應(yīng)該被作為每個學校的主要目標。
214 "Society should identify those children who have special talents and ab ilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped."
214.社會應(yīng)該找出那些具有特殊天才和能力的孩子，并在小時候就訓練他們，這樣他們終能在此領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出眾，否則這些潛能可能得不到發(fā)展。
215 "The bombardment of visual images in contemporary society has the effec t of making people less able to focus clearly and extensively on a single issue over a long period of time."
215.當今社會視覺影像的爆炸使得人們不能長時間明確且全面地關(guān)注某一問題。
216 "Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another."
216.大多數(shù)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明都是偶然的：通常情況下人們?yōu)榱四硞€問題尋找答案，卻在這一過程中找到了另一問題的答案。
217 "In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made."
217.為了取得成功的原創(chuàng)業(yè)績，學者和科學家必須首先研究那些別人的成功業(yè)績，然后確定還有那些領(lǐng)域存在研究價值。
218 "In order for any work of art -- whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song -- to have merit, it must be understandable to most people." 218.藝術(shù)作品要有價值，不管是電影、文學還是歌曲，都必須讓大多數(shù)人能夠理解。
219 "Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with -- much less contribute to -- the quantity of information that is now available electronically."
219.現(xiàn)在計算機技術(shù)已經(jīng)使快速地訪問大量的信息成為可能，人們已經(jīng)不像以前那樣進行深入和有創(chuàng)造力地思考了。他們感覺無法，也沒有意義去和現(xiàn)在可以電子化獲取的信息量相比。
220 "The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result , the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other."
220.知識增長迫使人們將其專業(yè)化。結(jié)果專業(yè)化領(lǐng)域間的跨度非常大，以至不同領(lǐng)域的專家彼此之間很少能夠相互影響。
221 "The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusio n that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
221.研究歷史明顯的好處就是消除了這樣的錯覺，某個時代的人們與歷另一個時代的人們有重大的差別。
222 "Learning for learning's sake is an outdated concept. Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals."
222.為了學習而學習已經(jīng)是過時的理念?，F(xiàn)在的教育必須是面向未來并且有明確的目標。
223 "Education is primarily a personal matter; it has little to do with sch ool or college."
223.教育主要是個人的事情，與學?；蛘叽髮W基本沒有關(guān)系。
224 "Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified."
224.審查制度很少被證明是正當?shù)摹?BR> 225 "People often look for similarities, even between very different things , and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else."
225.人們經(jīng)常尋找相似處，不管兩個事物有多么不同，即便這樣做沒有意義或是有害的。我們應(yīng)該就事論事，避免把它拿去和其他事物比較。
226 "People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront a re more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience."
226.人們錯誤地認為他們碰到的問題要比他們前輩碰到的問題更復雜、更具挑戰(zhàn)性。這個錯覺終會隨著知識和經(jīng)驗的積累消除。
227 "To remain vigorous, any academic field needs to be led by truly indepe ndent thinkers who are willing to ignore established boundaries and challenge long-standing assumptions."
227.為了保持活力，任何學術(shù)領(lǐng)域都需要由真正獨立的思想者領(lǐng)導，這些人無視傳統(tǒng)的束縛，敢于挑戰(zhàn)根深蒂固的思想。
228 "The best way to teach -- whether as an educator, employer, or parent - - is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones."
228.佳教育方式，不管是作為一個教育工作者、雇主還是父母，都是表揚積極的行為，忽略負面的行為。
229 "The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segment s or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole."
229.學習新學科或技能的佳方式是深入研究小片斷或細節(jié)，而不是一開始就試圖獲取整體的認識。
230 "College students -- and people in general -- prefer to follow directio ns rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction."
230.大學生-還有普通人-都更喜歡跟從指導，而不是做出自己的決定。因此，大學應(yīng)該盡可能讓學生少做選擇，給學生提供明確的方向。
231 " 'Moderation in all things' is ill-considered advice. Rather, one shou ld say, 'Moderation in most things,' since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus."
231.“對所有事情適度”是不正確的建議。而應(yīng)是“對大多數(shù)事情要適度。”因為人們從事的許多領(lǐng)域需要或者至少得益于執(zhí)著。(這里的適度類似中庸)
232 "The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment t hat is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns."
232.教育的目的應(yīng)該是建立一個與世隔離的學術(shù)環(huán)境。這種環(huán)境是很理想的，因為這樣學生們就可以不被日常事務(wù)牽扯精力而專注地研究重要問題。
233 "Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem t o offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning."
233.盡管技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，如錄像機、計算機以及因特網(wǎng)看似改善了學校的教學方式，但這些技術(shù)時常分散真實的學習。
234."Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice, although they would probably deny such a preference."
234.大多數(shù)人更傾向于限制與規(guī)則，而不是絕對的自由，雖然他們可能會否認這一點。
235."Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."
235.大多數(shù)人被教育說忠誠是一種美德。但是，忠誠-無論對于朋友、學校、受雇公司或任何機構(gòu)來說，經(jīng)常都是一種有害而非積極的力量。
236."Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful."
236.鼓勵年輕人相信如果他們足夠努力就能成就偉大的事業(yè)，不僅是誤導而且可能是有害的。
237."Computers and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone—not just scholars—to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works."
237.計算機以及視頻技術(shù)可以制作原件的復制品，使得普通人都能接觸到繪畫或歷史文件，此新技術(shù)的巨大優(yōu)點在于它使得每一個人-而不只是學者-能夠不接觸原件而進行深入的研究。
238."Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy."
238.一致性幾乎總是壓抑個性化創(chuàng)造和活力。
239."Much of the information that people assume is 'factual' actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a 'fact'should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future."
239.許多人們認為“真實”的信息結(jié)果是不準確的。因此，對任何被稱為“事實”的信息都應(yīng)該此懷疑態(tài)度，因為很有可能它將來被證實是虛假的。
240."Although it is easy to respond positively to the work of another person or group, it is far more worthwhile to give negative feedback."
240.雖然很容易對他人和團體的工作給出肯定的反饋，但是給出否定的反饋更有價值。
241."An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time."
241.個體的偉大成就不能由同時代的人來評判；對于成就客觀的評價者是后來人。
242. "Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being."
242.社會應(yīng)盡力挽救每一動植物物種，不管花費多少人力、時間和財力。
243."The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments."
243.文明真正的價值反映在它的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上，而不是科學成就上。
244 "Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them."
244.大多數(shù)社會并不重視偉大的思想家，即使社會宣稱景仰這些思想家。
一直希望回饋寄托聯(lián)盟其他網(wǎng)友的工作，因為做過一段時間的翻譯，故翻譯了這些題
目，并希望與我探討。
101 "Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can fl ourish and be available to all people."
101.政府應(yīng)資助藝術(shù)家，促進藝術(shù)繁榮，以便人們都能接觸到藝術(shù)。
102 "For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."
102.不論好壞，教育改變了人們以前的想法、信念和價值觀。
103 "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
103.研究歷史的價值只體現(xiàn)在這種研究和我們的日常生活相關(guān)時。
104 "It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpe
tuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."
104.一種文化要想保留它認為好的思想，消除它認為不好的思想，主要是通過正規(guī)的教育。
105 "The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."
105.當政府愿意接受來自其公民的質(zhì)疑時，才表明這個國家真正的強大。
106 "All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."
106.學生們應(yīng)該被要求至少學習一種道德規(guī)范課程，即使這樣會影響學術(shù)課程的學習。
107 "Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view."
107.實時通信系統(tǒng)促使人們匆忙決定并快速作出回應(yīng)，而不是花時間得出一個仔細思考過、合情合理的觀點。
108 "In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and vie w government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings-- trials, debates, meetings, etc -- that are televised, the more society will benefit."
108.在很多國家，從電視上看到政府人員辦公的場景已是可能。觀看這些過程有助于人們理解影響他們生活的問題。政府辦公如審判、辯論、會議等的各個場景，轉(zhuǎn)播得越多，對社會越有益。
109 "The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves."
109.很多廣告的目的是要讓消費者因為擁有產(chǎn)品后“像”廣告中的人物而購買某種產(chǎn)品，這樣的廣告是有效的，因為這樣既銷售了產(chǎn)品，又讓人們自我感覺良好。
110 "When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storyte llers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
110.當我們研究歷史時，我們變成了講故事的人。因為我們無從直接知道過去發(fā)生的事情，必須通過一些證據(jù)來構(gòu)建，所以歷史研究是一個有創(chuàng)造成分的領(lǐng)域，而并非一個客觀的學科。所有的歷史學家都是講故事的人(storyteller)。
111 "The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements i s seriously diminishing the differences among cultures."
111.全球性電視節(jié)目和廣告極大地減少了各種文化之間的差異。
112 "Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."
112.一些教育機構(gòu)強調(diào)培養(yǎng)學生的推理和邏輯思考能力，但是如果也教會學生認知自我的情感，學生們將受益更多。
113 "It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."
113.定位自己，主要是通過定位自己所處的社會團體。
114 "Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Te chnological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity."
114.人道主義在上個世紀并沒有真正的發(fā)展?？萍及l(fā)展，但是人道主義的整體面貌并沒有得到改善。戰(zhàn)爭、暴力、貧窮一直困擾著我們?？萍疾荒芨淖?nèi)说乐髁x狀況。
115 "It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement tha t we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated."
115.通過邏輯思維和精確的測量手段才能獲知我們的進步。沒有這些工具，就沒有參考點來標明我們進步了多少，退步了多少。
116 "With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and comm unication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society -- including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences -- will benefit greatly from international influences."
116.隨著經(jīng)濟和通訊等領(lǐng)域的全球化，毫無疑問，社會的方方面面，包括教育、政治、藝術(shù)和科學，都將從這種國際化影響中獲益非淺。
117 "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader t han what can be learned from direct experience."
117.從書本中所學的知識要比從直接的實踐中學到的更豐富、更廣博。
118 "In any field of endeavor -- the sciences, the humanities, the social s ciences, industry, etc. -- it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."
118.在任何領(lǐng)域如科學、人文、社會科學、工業(yè)等，我們大的收獲在于達成目標的道路上的經(jīng)驗和發(fā)現(xiàn)，而不是獲取目標本身。
119 "When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"
119.為科學、教育或其他任何領(lǐng)域設(shè)定研究優(yōu)先級時，需要考慮的問題是：如果研究成功，多少人將從中受益？
120 "So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understandin g of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
120.現(xiàn)代生活是嶄新、復雜的，認知過去對現(xiàn)在沒有指導價值。
121 "At various times in the geological past, many species have become exti nct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."
121.在過去不同的地質(zhì)時期，很多物種的滅絕都是自然因素造成，而并非人類行為。所以，社會沒有理由花費很大的人力物力去拯救瀕臨滅絕的物種。
122 "We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed."
122.幾乎所有的知識都歸功于和我們意見不同的人，而并非和我們意見一致的人。
123 "It is possible to identify a person's politics within a very short tim e of meeting him or her. Everything about people -- their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat -- reflects their political beliefs."
123.和一個人相處很短的時間就有可能知道他的政治立場。所有與他們相關(guān)的如衣服、朋友、談話的方式、所吃的食物都反映出他們的政治信仰。
124 "Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of the se recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before."
124.快餐、實時通訊、高速運輸，所有這些新發(fā)展都是為了節(jié)省人們的時間。但具有諷刺意味的是，這些進步非但沒有給人們帶來更多的閑暇時間，反而讓人們的生活節(jié)奏越來越忙亂。
125 "The past is no predictor of the future."
125.過去并不能預示將來。
126 "Society's external rewards are no measure of true success. True succes s can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself."
126.社會所給予的外部獎勵不是成功的真正衡量標準。真正的成功只能通過自己所設(shè)立的目標來衡量。
127 "Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our i nclinations, or the dictates of our passions."
127.事實是不容改變的。它不會由于我們的希望、傾向或個人意志而改變。
128 "It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free."
128.人們經(jīng)常說教育的目的是釋放人們的心靈。但實際上，正規(guī)的教育卻傾向于束縛而非釋放了人們的心靈。
129 "Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern li fe."
129.科技對現(xiàn)代生活是必須的，但并非任何時候都能起到積極的作用。
130 "How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. U nfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."
130.孩子融入社會的能力決定了社會的命運。遺憾的是，我們還不知道怎樣培養(yǎng)孩子使他們對社會有益。
131 "The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidd en ideas and impulses of a society."
131.藝術(shù)(繪畫、音樂、文學等)展現(xiàn)了那些隱藏的觀點和社會的脈動。
132 "The university community consists of three different worlds -- the sci ences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences."
132.大學包含三種不同的領(lǐng)域：科學、人文和社會科學。因為每種領(lǐng)域都有自己的設(shè)定和特殊的思維習慣，所以三者之間很少存在有意義的互動。
133 "The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: 'We l ive in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time."
133.現(xiàn)代社會中的問題使很多人抱怨：“我們生活在一個糟糕的年代?！钡绻屗麄儊磉x擇，沒有人會愿意過以往的生活。
134 "Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rheto rical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs."
134.必須鼓勵學生們意識到：機智和修辭技巧必須以真誠和真正的信仰為基礎(chǔ)。
135 "While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use o f technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems."
135.雖然我們面臨的大多數(shù)環(huán)境問題都來源于科技的應(yīng)用，我們應(yīng)該依靠科技本身來尋找這些問題的解決方案。
136 "The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."
136.沒有選擇的情形非常少見。
137 "What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another."
137.我們所謂的進步只不過是把一個問題轉(zhuǎn)化成了另一個問題。
138 "Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."
138.不犯錯誤就不會有發(fā)現(xiàn)和進步。
139 "Every new generation needs to redefine 'right' and 'wrong' in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time."
139.每一代人都需要根據(jù)自己所處的時代情形重新定義“對”與“錯”的概念。
140 "What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and ind ividual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent."
140.社會認為大的社會成就、政治成就和個人成就往往招致極大的不滿。
141 "Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is t hat personal economic success requires conformity."
141.大多數(shù)人只意識到個性化的益處，但實際上個人的經(jīng)濟成功需要一致性。
142 "The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people questi on authority."
142.當許多公民質(zhì)疑權(quán)威的時候，社會才能更富強。
143 "Artists should pay little attention to their critics. *Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity." *those who evaluate w orks of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
143.藝術(shù)家應(yīng)該對給予他們的批評毫不理會。批評家總是削弱和限制藝術(shù)家的創(chuàng)造力。*評價藝術(shù)作品，例如小說、電影、音樂、繪畫等的人。
144 "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of last ing value." *a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, mu sic, paintings, etc.
144.是藝術(shù)家而不是批評家，帶給社會一些具有持久價值的東西。
*批評家指經(jīng)常評價藝術(shù)作品，例如小說、電影、音樂、繪畫等的人。
145 "A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changin g social conventions without sacrificing one's principles."
145.性格測試關(guān)鍵的一點就是看一個人能否在不犧牲個人原則的基礎(chǔ)上適應(yīng)變化的社會習俗。
146 "People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it."
146.對某思想或策略執(zhí)著的人往往對其挑剔。
147 "Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."
147.傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代不相容。人們必須在二者之間做出選擇。
148 "Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble."
148.許多人崇尚理想主義，但它往往帶來失望或煩惱。
149 "The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive proj ects."
149.保護野生環(huán)境實際有效的方法就是通過環(huán)保項目吸引更多的觀光客到那些地方去。
150 "Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can n ow become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete."
150.通過電視和世界聯(lián)網(wǎng)的計算機，人們得以了解很多他們沒有去過的地方。所以，旅游業(yè)會越來越不景氣。
151 "High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail an d television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."
151.高速的電子通訊媒介，如電子郵件和電視，阻止了人們有思想、有意義的交流。
152 "The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay wi thin the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies."
152.對于公司的執(zhí)行官，他們的任務(wù)就是在法律允許的范圍內(nèi)，為公司賺取盡可能多的金錢。
153 "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. The y should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
153.學生們應(yīng)該帶著一定的懷疑態(tài)度對待所學的任何東西。他們應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑老師教給他們的東西，而不是被動地接受。
154 "Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Ed ucation is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."
154.家長和社會都應(yīng)該參與到當?shù)氐膶W校中來。教育太重要了，不能只靠專業(yè)教育者。
155 "Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading book s is no longer very important."
155.當代社會提供了很多學習的途徑，讀書這種學習方式已經(jīng)不是很重要了。
156 "Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are controlled by the soc iety in which we live."
156.選擇只是幻想。實際上，每個人的生活都是由所在的社會決定的。
157 "There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observatio n is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."
157.沒有哪件事情是完全客觀觀察的結(jié)果。所有的觀察都是主觀的，通常由觀察者的期望和意愿所導引。
158 The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to stu dents' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects."
158.藝術(shù)(音樂、舞蹈、視覺藝術(shù)等)對學生的教育非常重要的，因此它們應(yīng)該得到和數(shù)學、科學、閱讀以及其他主流課程一樣的重視。
159 "The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines ar e only tools of human minds."
159.人類思維總是勝過機器，因為機器只不過是人類思維的工具而已。
160 "The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to re main consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little."
160.有效力的本質(zhì)的品質(zhì)就是對特定原則和目標的堅持。任何，如果他很容易受到流行觀點的影響，那他就一事無成。
161 "In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
161.在媒體鋪天蓋地的年代，不可能樹立英雄。任何人在媒體的“審視”下都會名聲掃地。
162 "One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed."
162.我們經(jīng)常聽到個人需要為自己的生活負責任。但是在人們認識到自己所處的情形之前，這些情形很大程度上已確定。所以個人責任要比通常認為的要復雜和不切實際的得多。
163 "Most people live, whether physically or morally, in a very restricted circle. They make use of a very limited portion of the resources available to them until they face a great problem or crisis."
163.大多數(shù)人，不管是肉體上還是精神上，都局限于有限的范圍內(nèi)。直到他們遇到重大問題或危機的時候，才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己只不過利用了可用資源很有限的一部分而已。
164 "Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can appro ach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes."
164.想象力有時比經(jīng)驗更有價值。缺乏實際經(jīng)驗的人對可能性有更自由的想象空間，所以能夠不受固有的習慣和思維的限制來完成任務(wù)。
165 "In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motiva ted not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority."
165.在任何領(lǐng)域，主要的聲音來自于這些人，他們并不是由信念驅(qū)動，而是由希望表達和大多數(shù)人相異的觀點和想法的意愿所驅(qū)動。
166 "Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable."
166.上個世紀，科技的大貢獻在于使人們的生活更舒適。
167 "It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth a ll the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician."
167.有效力的政治在任何時候都告訴真相是不可能的。對于政治家來說，太坦白不是美德。
168 "Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless i t comes from someone who is an expert in that field."
168.在任何領(lǐng)域，只有該領(lǐng)域?qū)＜易龀龅脑u判才是有價值的。
169 "Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate rea lms fail to understand either the one or the other."
169.認為政治和道德是兩碼事的人既不懂政治又不懂道德。
170 "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
170.偉大國家可靠的標志不是其統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家或者科學家的成就，而是全體人民的福利。
171 "People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people wh o try to act for the public good."
171.那些純粹出于個人原因追求自己學術(shù)興趣的人，相比出于公眾利益努力的人，更有可能造福他人。
172 "Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attac ks upon the accepted wisdom of the time."
172.真正的真理開始都是可憎的，或至少是令人不舒服的，和那個時代業(yè)已形成的至理名言相抵觸。
173 "Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought be fore; it means putting old ideas together in new ways."
173.創(chuàng)造性不是指想人們沒有想過的東西；而是以新方式將舊觀點組織在一起。
174 "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible en ough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
174.法律不應(yīng)該太僵化、太固定。他們應(yīng)該是靈活的，考慮到各種實際情況、時間和地點。
175 "It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the deta ils may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."
175.總是某個個人推動了革新；可能由團隊完成細節(jié)，但是真正的革新來自于個人的進取心與不尋常的洞察力。
176 "The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset . Therein lies the value of each."
176.科學的目的是使人們安心，藝術(shù)的目的是使人們不安。這就是它們各自的價值。
177 "The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the wor ld. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."
177.對學術(shù)的研究改變了我們感知世界的方式。探究了這些領(lǐng)域之后，看同樣的世界，卻是不同的視角。
178 "It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's b ehavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."
178.控制、限制人們行為的法律可能建立，但是立法不能改變?nèi)藗兊谋拘裕蔁o法改變?nèi)藗兊乃妓搿?BR> 179 "What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but cer tainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open -- but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything."
179.人類真正希望獲取的不是知識，而是確定性。獲取真正的知識需要冒險，并且要有開放的心靈，但是大多數(shù)人更喜歡確定感，而不是去了解事物復雜的，甚至是使人不安的真相。
180 "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
180.現(xiàn)代社會的許多問題是法律和司法系統(tǒng)不能解決的，因為道德行為無法立法。
181 "The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with i n their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things."
181.研究者和學者們詮釋他們研究領(lǐng)域的資料時，更多的是一種個人化的行為，而不是擁有客觀的標準。當個性不同的人看待完全相同的物體、事實、數(shù)據(jù)或者事件時，會給出不同的詮釋，看到不同的東西。
182 "It is dangerous to trust only intelligence."
182.只相信智力是危險的。(Intelligence：The faculty of thought and reason.故智力-理性相對于直覺-感性，我的理解)
183 "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible , but more complex and more mysterious."
183.隨著我們獲取的知識越來越多，事情不是變得更好理解，而是變得更復雜更神秘。184 "It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."
184.在沒有證據(jù)之前就得出理論，是重大錯誤。
185 "Scandals -- whether in politics, academia, or other areas -- can be us eful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."
185.丑聞，不管是政治、學術(shù)還是其他領(lǐng)域，都是有用的。它們能吸引人們的注意力，而使我們聚焦于問題，以一種演講者和改革家都做不到的方式。
186 "Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world."
186.現(xiàn)在，實用性是我們大的追求，所有的力量和聰明才智都應(yīng)為其努力。任何沒有明顯實用性的東西在當今世界都是沒有價值的。
187 "It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most peopl e find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice."
187.人們很容易歡迎革新和接受新思想。但是，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)困難的是接受把新思想應(yīng)用到實踐中來的方式。
188 "Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to surv ive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it."
188.成功，不管是學術(shù)上還是專業(yè)上的，都包括適應(yīng)新環(huán)境并終改變它的能力。
189 "If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these w orks no longer answer the needs of the present."
189.如果人們忽視了過去的偉大成就，那是因為這些成就已不能再回應(yīng)目前的需要。
190 "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the b asic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate -- and, perhaps, even cruel -- when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
190.當人們挨餓、失業(yè)或者缺少維持生存的基本技能時，動用公眾資源來支持藝術(shù)就不合適了，也許，考慮到這些金錢的所有可能用途時，就更不人道了。
191 "Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers."
191.教育應(yīng)該把這兩件事看得同等重要-豐富學生的個人生活，把學生培養(yǎng)成生產(chǎn)者。
192 "Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or r isks than from careful and cautious planning."
192.生活各個方面的成功更多是來自機遇或者冒險，而不是仔細和謹慎的規(guī)劃。
193 "It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance."
193.更有持久影響的不是頭版頭條的政治事件，而是鮮有報道的社會變革。
194 "The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be compet itive, but learning to be cooperative."
194.為生活和工作做的好準備，不是學會競爭，而是學會合作。。
195 "The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."
195.政治的目標不應(yīng)是追求一個理想狀態(tài)，而是尋找共同點和合情合理的共識。
196 "Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or d amage the quality of life."
196.科技產(chǎn)生的問題多于所解決的，可能威脅或降低人們的生活質(zhì)量。
197 "The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily co nnected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries."
197.一個國家的生活質(zhì)量提高和社會的安定是和其他所有國家的生活質(zhì)量提高和社會安定密不可分的。
198 "Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreci ation of individual differences."
198.社會應(yīng)該贊賞個性差異，而不是鼓勵一致統(tǒng)一。
199 "Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from in dividuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone."
199.真正創(chuàng)新的思想不是來自群體，而是來自個人。當一個群體試圖創(chuàng)新時，群體中的成員使得彼此相互妥協(xié)，終削弱集體的創(chuàng)造性，趨向遵循傳統(tǒng)。大部分創(chuàng)造性思想來自于個人的獨立工作。
200 "The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquir ed through solitude, rather than through interaction with others."
200.難的莫過于認知自我，通常只能通過獨處，而非與他人交往來了解自己。
201 "The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value sy stem, a standard, a set of ideas -- not to prepare them for a specific job."
201.教育的目的應(yīng)是給學生提供一個價值系統(tǒng)，標準以及一系列理念，而不是使他們?yōu)槟骋惶囟üぷ髯龊脺蕚洹?BR> 202 "Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise."
202.和偉大的思想家、藝術(shù)家不同，有效力的政治必須經(jīng)常向公眾輿論讓步，有時為了折衷要放棄原則。
203 "The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine th e character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."
203.了解社會特征的佳方式就是研究那個社會所認為的英雄人物的特征。
204 "We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experie ncing it is to learn nothing at all."
204.我們通過直接經(jīng)驗學習；沒有通過實踐而接受一個理論是學不到任何東西的。
205 "As societies all over the world have more and more access to new infor mation, the effects on life-long learning can only be positive."
205.全世界的人有越來越多的途徑來獲取新信息，這對終身學習只會有積極的推動作用。
206 "People are too quick to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequences of what they might do."
206.人們行動太快了；他們應(yīng)該停下來想一想行動的可能后果。
207 "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
207.典禮和儀式有助于確立一種文化，否則人們的社會或群體的角色歸屬感削弱。
208 "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and intere sts. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."
208.人們的眼神、衣著和行動表現(xiàn)出他們的態(tài)度和興趣。你可以通過觀察人們的外表和行為來獲知許多這個社會的思想和價值觀。
209 "Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contras ting points of view."
209.在持不同意見的人們中展開討論是進步的佳方式。
210 "Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerati ons as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."
210.大多數(shù)人找工作是基于實用性的考慮：經(jīng)濟需求、較易找到工作，希望拿到的薪水。很少有人自由地根據(jù)自己對某一份工作的才能和興趣出發(fā)去選擇職業(yè)。
211 "Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an in dividual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions."
211.一個決策，不管政府、企業(yè)抑或個人做出的，都應(yīng)該考慮將來的情形多于目前的情形。
212 "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable. "
212.如果一個目標是值得的，那么追求目標的任何手段都是正當?shù)摹?BR> 213 "Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challeng e the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be a major goal in every school."
213.學校太強調(diào)教學生怎么質(zhì)疑他人的主張。實際上，培養(yǎng)折衷和與他人合作的能力，也就是促進社會和諧的能力應(yīng)該被作為每個學校的主要目標。
214 "Society should identify those children who have special talents and ab ilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped."
214.社會應(yīng)該找出那些具有特殊天才和能力的孩子，并在小時候就訓練他們，這樣他們終能在此領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出眾，否則這些潛能可能得不到發(fā)展。
215 "The bombardment of visual images in contemporary society has the effec t of making people less able to focus clearly and extensively on a single issue over a long period of time."
215.當今社會視覺影像的爆炸使得人們不能長時間明確且全面地關(guān)注某一問題。
216 "Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another."
216.大多數(shù)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明都是偶然的：通常情況下人們?yōu)榱四硞€問題尋找答案，卻在這一過程中找到了另一問題的答案。
217 "In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made."
217.為了取得成功的原創(chuàng)業(yè)績，學者和科學家必須首先研究那些別人的成功業(yè)績，然后確定還有那些領(lǐng)域存在研究價值。
218 "In order for any work of art -- whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song -- to have merit, it must be understandable to most people." 218.藝術(shù)作品要有價值，不管是電影、文學還是歌曲，都必須讓大多數(shù)人能夠理解。
219 "Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with -- much less contribute to -- the quantity of information that is now available electronically."
219.現(xiàn)在計算機技術(shù)已經(jīng)使快速地訪問大量的信息成為可能，人們已經(jīng)不像以前那樣進行深入和有創(chuàng)造力地思考了。他們感覺無法，也沒有意義去和現(xiàn)在可以電子化獲取的信息量相比。
220 "The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result , the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other."
220.知識增長迫使人們將其專業(yè)化。結(jié)果專業(yè)化領(lǐng)域間的跨度非常大，以至不同領(lǐng)域的專家彼此之間很少能夠相互影響。
221 "The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusio n that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
221.研究歷史明顯的好處就是消除了這樣的錯覺，某個時代的人們與歷另一個時代的人們有重大的差別。
222 "Learning for learning's sake is an outdated concept. Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals."
222.為了學習而學習已經(jīng)是過時的理念?，F(xiàn)在的教育必須是面向未來并且有明確的目標。
223 "Education is primarily a personal matter; it has little to do with sch ool or college."
223.教育主要是個人的事情，與學?；蛘叽髮W基本沒有關(guān)系。
224 "Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified."
224.審查制度很少被證明是正當?shù)摹?BR> 225 "People often look for similarities, even between very different things , and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else."
225.人們經(jīng)常尋找相似處，不管兩個事物有多么不同，即便這樣做沒有意義或是有害的。我們應(yīng)該就事論事，避免把它拿去和其他事物比較。
226 "People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront a re more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience."
226.人們錯誤地認為他們碰到的問題要比他們前輩碰到的問題更復雜、更具挑戰(zhàn)性。這個錯覺終會隨著知識和經(jīng)驗的積累消除。
227 "To remain vigorous, any academic field needs to be led by truly indepe ndent thinkers who are willing to ignore established boundaries and challenge long-standing assumptions."
227.為了保持活力，任何學術(shù)領(lǐng)域都需要由真正獨立的思想者領(lǐng)導，這些人無視傳統(tǒng)的束縛，敢于挑戰(zhàn)根深蒂固的思想。
228 "The best way to teach -- whether as an educator, employer, or parent - - is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones."
228.佳教育方式，不管是作為一個教育工作者、雇主還是父母，都是表揚積極的行為，忽略負面的行為。
229 "The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segment s or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole."
229.學習新學科或技能的佳方式是深入研究小片斷或細節(jié)，而不是一開始就試圖獲取整體的認識。
230 "College students -- and people in general -- prefer to follow directio ns rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction."
230.大學生-還有普通人-都更喜歡跟從指導，而不是做出自己的決定。因此，大學應(yīng)該盡可能讓學生少做選擇，給學生提供明確的方向。
231 " 'Moderation in all things' is ill-considered advice. Rather, one shou ld say, 'Moderation in most things,' since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus."
231.“對所有事情適度”是不正確的建議。而應(yīng)是“對大多數(shù)事情要適度。”因為人們從事的許多領(lǐng)域需要或者至少得益于執(zhí)著。(這里的適度類似中庸)
232 "The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment t hat is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns."
232.教育的目的應(yīng)該是建立一個與世隔離的學術(shù)環(huán)境。這種環(huán)境是很理想的，因為這樣學生們就可以不被日常事務(wù)牽扯精力而專注地研究重要問題。
233 "Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem t o offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning."
233.盡管技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，如錄像機、計算機以及因特網(wǎng)看似改善了學校的教學方式，但這些技術(shù)時常分散真實的學習。
234."Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice, although they would probably deny such a preference."
234.大多數(shù)人更傾向于限制與規(guī)則，而不是絕對的自由，雖然他們可能會否認這一點。
235."Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."
235.大多數(shù)人被教育說忠誠是一種美德。但是，忠誠-無論對于朋友、學校、受雇公司或任何機構(gòu)來說，經(jīng)常都是一種有害而非積極的力量。
236."Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful."
236.鼓勵年輕人相信如果他們足夠努力就能成就偉大的事業(yè)，不僅是誤導而且可能是有害的。
237."Computers and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone—not just scholars—to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works."
237.計算機以及視頻技術(shù)可以制作原件的復制品，使得普通人都能接觸到繪畫或歷史文件，此新技術(shù)的巨大優(yōu)點在于它使得每一個人-而不只是學者-能夠不接觸原件而進行深入的研究。
238."Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy."
238.一致性幾乎總是壓抑個性化創(chuàng)造和活力。
239."Much of the information that people assume is 'factual' actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a 'fact'should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future."
239.許多人們認為“真實”的信息結(jié)果是不準確的。因此，對任何被稱為“事實”的信息都應(yīng)該此懷疑態(tài)度，因為很有可能它將來被證實是虛假的。
240."Although it is easy to respond positively to the work of another person or group, it is far more worthwhile to give negative feedback."
240.雖然很容易對他人和團體的工作給出肯定的反饋，但是給出否定的反饋更有價值。
241."An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time."
241.個體的偉大成就不能由同時代的人來評判；對于成就客觀的評價者是后來人。
242. "Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being."
242.社會應(yīng)盡力挽救每一動植物物種，不管花費多少人力、時間和財力。
243."The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments."
243.文明真正的價值反映在它的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上，而不是科學成就上。
244 "Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them."
244.大多數(shù)社會并不重視偉大的思想家，即使社會宣稱景仰這些思想家。