否定關(guān)系(Negation)
特點(diǎn):要求考生對(duì)肯定和否定加以判斷。
常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：
What do we learn from the conversation?
What is the man’s opinion of ...?
常見(jiàn)的否定詞及含有否定意義的詞和詞組：no, not any, not...at all, little, few, without, not...until, no sooner...than, no one, none, nobody, never, nothing, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, instead of, deny, fail, refuse, ignore, dislike, overlook, miss, doubt, other than, seldom, lack, against, far from, short of, too ... to等。
否定形式是四級(jí)必考要點(diǎn)，也是考生失分率比較高的地方，考生須注意：在正常的語(yǔ)速下，can和can’t的讀音差別不是太大，有時(shí)很難區(qū)分。這里，提醒考生表示肯定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞一般弱讀，而表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞要重讀。因此，can讀成[kn]，can’t讀成[knt]。這是考生在聽(tīng)力考試時(shí)區(qū)分肯定句與否定句的技巧之一。然而，在聽(tīng)力考試中，考完全否定的形式并不多見(jiàn)。也就是說(shuō)部分否定、雙重否定、否定轉(zhuǎn)移和暗示否定這類需要考生動(dòng)腦繞一個(gè)小圈子的題型倒是聽(tīng)力考試中的重點(diǎn)，考生須切記!
例如：
A. 一般否定形式：
M: How did you like yesterday’s play?
W: Generally speaking, it was quite good. The part of secretary was played wonderfully, but I think the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic.
Q: How does the woman feel about the man? (2001年6月試題10)
[A] He played his part quite well. [B] He was not dramatic enough.
[C] He performed better than the secretary.[D] He exaggerated his part.
答案是[D] 本題考查考生對(duì)否定短語(yǔ)too...to的理解。對(duì)話中男士問(wèn)女士認(rèn)為昨天的戲怎樣,女士答到：“總的說(shuō)來(lái)，還不錯(cuò)。秘書(shū)的角色演得很出色，但是我覺(jué)得老板演得太戲劇化了，缺乏真實(shí)性?！眴?wèn)題是：女士認(rèn)為演老板的男人演得如何?對(duì)話中“太戲劇化、不真實(shí)”與選項(xiàng)[D]“他夸大了他的角色” 意義符合。而選擇[A]、[B]、[C]的考生可能是對(duì)否定短語(yǔ)too...to不熟悉，或是沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂dramatic，realistic這兩個(gè)單詞造成的。
B. 特殊否定形式：
特殊否定形式包括全部否定，部分否定、雙重否定和含蓄否定。全部否定是指句中有表示全部否定的詞 (no, never, none, nothing, nobody, nor, neither等)； 部分否定是指句中有all, every, many, always等與not 構(gòu)成否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，它的意思是“不是全都、并非每個(gè)”等；雙重否定是指一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)否定概念來(lái)表達(dá)肯定的意思。如：
W: Excuse me, sir. You are not supposed to be here. This area is for airport staff only.
M: I’m sorry. I didn’t notice the sign.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation? (1999年6月試題1)
[A] The woman feels sorry for the man.[B] The man is a member of the staff.
[C] The area is for passengers only. [D] The woman is asking the man to leave.
答案是[D]。 該題的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容在于女士說(shuō)的 You are not supposed to be here. This area is for airport staff only.意為：你不應(yīng)該呆在這里，該區(qū)域僅供機(jī)場(chǎng)職員使用。顯然女士使用的是含蓄否定，委婉地要求男士離開(kāi)。
特點(diǎn):要求考生對(duì)肯定和否定加以判斷。
常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：
What do we learn from the conversation?
What is the man’s opinion of ...?
常見(jiàn)的否定詞及含有否定意義的詞和詞組：no, not any, not...at all, little, few, without, not...until, no sooner...than, no one, none, nobody, never, nothing, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, instead of, deny, fail, refuse, ignore, dislike, overlook, miss, doubt, other than, seldom, lack, against, far from, short of, too ... to等。
否定形式是四級(jí)必考要點(diǎn)，也是考生失分率比較高的地方，考生須注意：在正常的語(yǔ)速下，can和can’t的讀音差別不是太大，有時(shí)很難區(qū)分。這里，提醒考生表示肯定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞一般弱讀，而表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞要重讀。因此，can讀成[kn]，can’t讀成[knt]。這是考生在聽(tīng)力考試時(shí)區(qū)分肯定句與否定句的技巧之一。然而，在聽(tīng)力考試中，考完全否定的形式并不多見(jiàn)。也就是說(shuō)部分否定、雙重否定、否定轉(zhuǎn)移和暗示否定這類需要考生動(dòng)腦繞一個(gè)小圈子的題型倒是聽(tīng)力考試中的重點(diǎn)，考生須切記!
例如：
A. 一般否定形式：
M: How did you like yesterday’s play?
W: Generally speaking, it was quite good. The part of secretary was played wonderfully, but I think the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic.
Q: How does the woman feel about the man? (2001年6月試題10)
[A] He played his part quite well. [B] He was not dramatic enough.
[C] He performed better than the secretary.[D] He exaggerated his part.
答案是[D] 本題考查考生對(duì)否定短語(yǔ)too...to的理解。對(duì)話中男士問(wèn)女士認(rèn)為昨天的戲怎樣,女士答到：“總的說(shuō)來(lái)，還不錯(cuò)。秘書(shū)的角色演得很出色，但是我覺(jué)得老板演得太戲劇化了，缺乏真實(shí)性?！眴?wèn)題是：女士認(rèn)為演老板的男人演得如何?對(duì)話中“太戲劇化、不真實(shí)”與選項(xiàng)[D]“他夸大了他的角色” 意義符合。而選擇[A]、[B]、[C]的考生可能是對(duì)否定短語(yǔ)too...to不熟悉，或是沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂dramatic，realistic這兩個(gè)單詞造成的。
B. 特殊否定形式：
特殊否定形式包括全部否定，部分否定、雙重否定和含蓄否定。全部否定是指句中有表示全部否定的詞 (no, never, none, nothing, nobody, nor, neither等)； 部分否定是指句中有all, every, many, always等與not 構(gòu)成否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，它的意思是“不是全都、并非每個(gè)”等；雙重否定是指一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)否定概念來(lái)表達(dá)肯定的意思。如：
W: Excuse me, sir. You are not supposed to be here. This area is for airport staff only.
M: I’m sorry. I didn’t notice the sign.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation? (1999年6月試題1)
[A] The woman feels sorry for the man.[B] The man is a member of the staff.
[C] The area is for passengers only. [D] The woman is asking the man to leave.
答案是[D]。 該題的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容在于女士說(shuō)的 You are not supposed to be here. This area is for airport staff only.意為：你不應(yīng)該呆在這里，該區(qū)域僅供機(jī)場(chǎng)職員使用。顯然女士使用的是含蓄否定，委婉地要求男士離開(kāi)。