四、 考研英語英譯漢真題解析
2005年英譯漢試題（全國試題）
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
這篇文章主要講對大學(xué)生，尤其是新聞專業(yè)的學(xué)生進(jìn)行法律教育的重要性。
其大概意思是：以前，在加拿大，學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)日益成為普通高等教育的重要組成部分，法律知識已經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是受過教育的公民所必備的知識素養(yǎng)。法律中的公正、民主、自由等觀念與實(shí)際緊密相連；對于新聞專業(yè)的學(xué)生和新聞工作者來說，法律知識的儲備和對于憲法的了解尤為重要，后者對于他們對新聞，尤其是政治新聞的把握和判斷是必不可少的。
需要翻譯的五個句子具有三個特點(diǎn)。一是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，如將作狀語的介詞詞組插入動詞詞組中，而不是放在其后；定語從句中又套定語從句和狀語從句；同位語從句；并列結(jié)構(gòu)修飾同一個中心詞；本身包含從句的從句作it的真實(shí)主語；含有并列結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式作it的真實(shí)主語，等等。二是劃線句子對上下文的依賴較大，一方面是名詞和代詞詞組的所指，如第一句中的such institutions，第二句中的it、these concepts等需要到上文中去找，另一方面，對第二句的翻譯有賴于其后邊的例子所作的進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明。三是詞匯的難度較大，用詞抽象，一詞多義的較多，如special preserve、intellectual、equipment等，其具體含義需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行引申理解?？傊?，詞義和代詞及名詞詞組對上下文的依賴是這套題非常突出的特點(diǎn)之一，進(jìn)一步提醒我們要注重對語篇的理解，培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力。另外，在平常記憶單詞時(shí)，要用聯(lián)想記憶等科學(xué)的方法全面掌握一個單詞的多個含義。具體分析如下：
［翻譯題解］
46. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
［分析］1. 句子分段： Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions ‖ as the special preserve of lawyers, ‖ rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 主干結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句legal learning has been viewed as……rather than……；
2） view……as中間插入介詞詞組in such institutions作狀語，該詞組的含義要到前一句話中去找，指的是"Canadian universities"。
3. 詞的處理： institution機(jī)構(gòu)；special preserve專門的工作；intellectual equipment知識素養(yǎng)；educated受過良好教育的
［譯文］傳統(tǒng)上，在加拿大的高等學(xué)府里，學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的專門工作，而不是一個受過良好教育的人所必須具備的知識素養(yǎng)。
47. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
［分析］1. 句子分段： On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner ‖ which is parallel to the links ‖ journalists forge on a daily basis ‖ as they cover and comment on the news.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) 主語＋謂語＋which引導(dǎo)的定語從句＋省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句＋as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；
2） these concepts的含義也要到前邊的句子中去找，指的是前面提到的justice, democracy and freedom；
3） which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which is……the news修飾manner，其中包含了定語從句journalists……daily basis，修飾links以及as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
3. 詞的處理： concept觀念；everyday reality日常生活中的實(shí)際情況；in a……manner以……方式；parallel類似的，相似的；forge使形成；on a basis以……為基礎(chǔ)；cover報(bào)道
［譯文］另一方面，法律又將正義、民主和自由這些觀念與日常生活中的實(shí)際聯(lián)系在一起，其方式就如同新聞工作者在報(bào)道和評論新聞事件時(shí)，以日常生活為基礎(chǔ)，使這些觀念與實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合一樣。
48. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
［分析］1. 句子分段： But the idea ‖ that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen ‖ rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 主語＋that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句＋謂語（rest on）＋賓語（an understanding of……）；
2） the established conventions和special responsibilities均修飾news media。
3. 詞的處理： profoundly深刻地；rest on建立在……之上，以……為基礎(chǔ)或根據(jù)；understanding理解，共識；established既定的，確認(rèn)的；convention規(guī)范；news media新聞媒體
［譯文］但是，新聞工作者對于法律的理解應(yīng)該比普通公民更加深刻，這個觀點(diǎn)是在對于新聞媒體的既定規(guī)范和特殊的社會責(zé)任有深刻認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)之上建立的。
49. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
［分析］1. 句子分段： In fact, it is difficult to see ‖ how journalists ‖ who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution ‖ can do a competent job on political stories.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 形式主語it＋表語＋真實(shí)主語how……political stories；
2） 真實(shí)主語是how引導(dǎo)的從句，該從句的主語是journalists，謂語部分是can do……；who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾journalists。
3. 詞的處理： see設(shè)想，想象；grasp領(lǐng)會，理解；basic feature基本特點(diǎn)；competent令人滿意的；story新聞報(bào)道
［譯文］實(shí)際上，很難想象那些對于加拿大憲法的基本特點(diǎn)缺乏清晰了解的新聞工作者能夠勝任政治新聞報(bào)道的工作。
50. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
［分析］1. 句子分段：While comment and reaction from lawyers ‖ may enhance stories, ‖ it is preferable for journalists ‖ to rely on their own notions of significance and ‖ make their own judgments.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句＋形式主語it＋真實(shí)主語to rely on……and make……。
3. 詞的處理： reaction反應(yīng)；enhance提高，提升；preferable更可取的，更好的；rely on依靠，依賴；notion見解，看法；significance重要性，意義；make one's own judgment作出自己的判斷
［譯文］律師的評論和反應(yīng)當(dāng)然能夠提升新聞報(bào)道的價(jià)值，但是，記者們還是依靠自己對于事件重要性的認(rèn)識來做出判斷。
2005年英譯漢試題（全國試題）
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
這篇文章主要講對大學(xué)生，尤其是新聞專業(yè)的學(xué)生進(jìn)行法律教育的重要性。
其大概意思是：以前，在加拿大，學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)日益成為普通高等教育的重要組成部分，法律知識已經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是受過教育的公民所必備的知識素養(yǎng)。法律中的公正、民主、自由等觀念與實(shí)際緊密相連；對于新聞專業(yè)的學(xué)生和新聞工作者來說，法律知識的儲備和對于憲法的了解尤為重要，后者對于他們對新聞，尤其是政治新聞的把握和判斷是必不可少的。
需要翻譯的五個句子具有三個特點(diǎn)。一是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，如將作狀語的介詞詞組插入動詞詞組中，而不是放在其后；定語從句中又套定語從句和狀語從句；同位語從句；并列結(jié)構(gòu)修飾同一個中心詞；本身包含從句的從句作it的真實(shí)主語；含有并列結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式作it的真實(shí)主語，等等。二是劃線句子對上下文的依賴較大，一方面是名詞和代詞詞組的所指，如第一句中的such institutions，第二句中的it、these concepts等需要到上文中去找，另一方面，對第二句的翻譯有賴于其后邊的例子所作的進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明。三是詞匯的難度較大，用詞抽象，一詞多義的較多，如special preserve、intellectual、equipment等，其具體含義需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行引申理解?？傊?，詞義和代詞及名詞詞組對上下文的依賴是這套題非常突出的特點(diǎn)之一，進(jìn)一步提醒我們要注重對語篇的理解，培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力。另外，在平常記憶單詞時(shí)，要用聯(lián)想記憶等科學(xué)的方法全面掌握一個單詞的多個含義。具體分析如下：
［翻譯題解］
46. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
［分析］1. 句子分段： Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions ‖ as the special preserve of lawyers, ‖ rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 主干結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句legal learning has been viewed as……rather than……；
2） view……as中間插入介詞詞組in such institutions作狀語，該詞組的含義要到前一句話中去找，指的是"Canadian universities"。
3. 詞的處理： institution機(jī)構(gòu)；special preserve專門的工作；intellectual equipment知識素養(yǎng)；educated受過良好教育的
［譯文］傳統(tǒng)上，在加拿大的高等學(xué)府里，學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的專門工作，而不是一個受過良好教育的人所必須具備的知識素養(yǎng)。
47. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
［分析］1. 句子分段： On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner ‖ which is parallel to the links ‖ journalists forge on a daily basis ‖ as they cover and comment on the news.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) 主語＋謂語＋which引導(dǎo)的定語從句＋省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句＋as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；
2） these concepts的含義也要到前邊的句子中去找，指的是前面提到的justice, democracy and freedom；
3） which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which is……the news修飾manner，其中包含了定語從句journalists……daily basis，修飾links以及as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
3. 詞的處理： concept觀念；everyday reality日常生活中的實(shí)際情況；in a……manner以……方式；parallel類似的，相似的；forge使形成；on a basis以……為基礎(chǔ)；cover報(bào)道
［譯文］另一方面，法律又將正義、民主和自由這些觀念與日常生活中的實(shí)際聯(lián)系在一起，其方式就如同新聞工作者在報(bào)道和評論新聞事件時(shí)，以日常生活為基礎(chǔ)，使這些觀念與實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合一樣。
48. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
［分析］1. 句子分段： But the idea ‖ that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen ‖ rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 主語＋that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句＋謂語（rest on）＋賓語（an understanding of……）；
2） the established conventions和special responsibilities均修飾news media。
3. 詞的處理： profoundly深刻地；rest on建立在……之上，以……為基礎(chǔ)或根據(jù)；understanding理解，共識；established既定的，確認(rèn)的；convention規(guī)范；news media新聞媒體
［譯文］但是，新聞工作者對于法律的理解應(yīng)該比普通公民更加深刻，這個觀點(diǎn)是在對于新聞媒體的既定規(guī)范和特殊的社會責(zé)任有深刻認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)之上建立的。
49. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
［分析］1. 句子分段： In fact, it is difficult to see ‖ how journalists ‖ who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution ‖ can do a competent job on political stories.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） 形式主語it＋表語＋真實(shí)主語how……political stories；
2） 真實(shí)主語是how引導(dǎo)的從句，該從句的主語是journalists，謂語部分是can do……；who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾journalists。
3. 詞的處理： see設(shè)想，想象；grasp領(lǐng)會，理解；basic feature基本特點(diǎn)；competent令人滿意的；story新聞報(bào)道
［譯文］實(shí)際上，很難想象那些對于加拿大憲法的基本特點(diǎn)缺乏清晰了解的新聞工作者能夠勝任政治新聞報(bào)道的工作。
50. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
［分析］1. 句子分段：While comment and reaction from lawyers ‖ may enhance stories, ‖ it is preferable for journalists ‖ to rely on their own notions of significance and ‖ make their own judgments.
2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句＋形式主語it＋真實(shí)主語to rely on……and make……。
3. 詞的處理： reaction反應(yīng)；enhance提高，提升；preferable更可取的，更好的；rely on依靠，依賴；notion見解，看法；significance重要性，意義；make one's own judgment作出自己的判斷
［譯文］律師的評論和反應(yīng)當(dāng)然能夠提升新聞報(bào)道的價(jià)值，但是，記者們還是依靠自己對于事件重要性的認(rèn)識來做出判斷。