情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的用法 - 四級(jí)語法

字號(hào):

??在英語的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中,只有can(及其否定形式 can't),could(及其形式couldn't),may,might,must可用來表示猜測(cè)。下面是這些表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法及舉例:
    ??(一)can用來表示"可能"的猜測(cè)
    ??1.can可用來表示"理論上的可能性",用來表示事件或情況在理論上可能發(fā)生,并不牽涉到是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生。在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用。
    ??2.can可用來表示現(xiàn)實(shí)的可能性,但只能用在疑問句之中,可與動(dòng)詞原形或不定式的完成式連用。
    ??2.1.Who can that be at the door?(門外會(huì)是誰?)
    ??2.2.Can it be Susan?(她會(huì)上哪兒去了呢?)
    ??(二)can't和couldn't表示"不可能"的猜測(cè),在這種用法中can't和couldn't用法相同,只是couldn't的語氣更弱。下面以can't為例:
    ??1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)的"不可能"的猜測(cè):
    ??1.1.It can't be true.(這不可能是真的。)
    ??1.2.He can't be Mike's father.(他不可能是邁克的爸爸。)
    ??1.3.She can't be more than thirty.(她不可能超過三十歲。)
    ??2.對(duì)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為的"不可能"的猜測(cè):(can't + be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
    ??2.1.He can't be watching TV at home.I met him at school a moment ago.(他不可能在家看電視,我剛在學(xué)校見過他。)
    ??2.2.He can't be sleeping in his bedroom.I saw him go out.(他不可能在臥室睡覺,我看見
    他出去了。)
    ??3.對(duì)過去的動(dòng)作或行為的"不可能"的猜測(cè):(can't + have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞)
    ??3.1.She can't have gone to school.It is Saturday.(她不可能上學(xué)去了,今天是星期六。)
    ??3.2.They can't have gone out because the light is on.(他們不可能已經(jīng)出去了,因?yàn)闊暨€開著。)
    ??(三)may和might常用來談?wù)摽赡苄裕耗呈驴赡軐l(fā)生,某事可能正在發(fā)生和某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生。might所表示的可能性要比may所表示的可能性弱一些,但用法相同,下面以may的用法舉例:
    ??1.may用來表示某事可能將發(fā)生:(may + 動(dòng)詞原形)
    ??1.1.He may go climbing in the Alps next summer.(明年夏天他可能去阿爾卑斯山。)
    ??1.2.They may come to visit us this summer.(他們可能今年夏天來看望我們。)
    ??2.may用來表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)可能性的猜測(cè):(may + be + 其他成分)
    ??2.1.He may be engaged.(他可能很忙。)
    ??2.2.It may be a new species.(這可能是個(gè)新的品種。)
    ??2.3.I'm only afraid I may be bored.(我只害怕我可能會(huì)覺得無聊。)
    ??3.may用來表示某事可能正在發(fā)生:(may + be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
    ??3.1.They may be sleeping because we can hear no sound in their room.(他們可能正在房間里睡覺,國(guó)為我們聽到任何聲音。)
    ??3.2.He may be doing his homework.Don't disturb him.(他可能正在做作業(yè),別打擾他。)
    ??4.may用來表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生:(may + have + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)
    ??4.1.You may have read some account of the matter.(關(guān)于這件事你可能已經(jīng)聽過一些描述
    了。)
    ??4.2.Mathews may have written that letter.(馬修斯可能已寫了那封信。)
    ??注:may和might表示"可能"時(shí)一般不用于疑問句。表達(dá)疑問時(shí)要用別的說法。例如:
    ??Is it likely to rain,do you think?(錯(cuò)誤的句子是:May it rain?)
    ??表示否定時(shí)要用can't或couldn't("不可能")。
    ??(四)must用來表示"肯定"的猜測(cè):
    ??1.must用來表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的"肯定"的猜測(cè):
    ??1.1.Judging by the smell,the food must be good.(從氣味來判斷,這食物肯定很好吃。)
    ??1.2.It's a quarter past three.He must be in by now.(現(xiàn)在已是三點(diǎn)一刻了,他肯定已到家
    了。)
    ??1.3.I'm always running into him,he must live neat here.(我總是遇見他,他肯定就住在附
    近。)
    ??1.4.Mary must have some problem.She keeps crying.(瑪麗肯定有什么問題,她一直在哭。)
    ??2.對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的"肯定"的猜測(cè):
    ??2.1.You must be joking.(你肯定在開玩笑。)
    ??2.2.If she is borrowing money,she must be getting into debt.(如果她在借錢,她肯定陷入
    債務(wù)當(dāng)中了。)
    ??2.3.His progress indicates that he must be working hard.(他的進(jìn)步表明他正在努力。)
    ??3.對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的"肯定"的猜測(cè):
    ??3.1.He must have arrived by air.(他肯定已乘機(jī)到達(dá)了。)
    ??3.2.He must have received my letter.(他肯定已收到我的信了。)
    ??3.3.His watch must have stopped.I'll go and call him.(他的表肯定已停了,我去叫他。)