不定式帶to的情況 - 四級(jí)語法

字號(hào):

??不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式,除了與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語外,通常前面帶有小品詞to。但在很多情況下,不定式需不帶to。
    ??1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式由連詞 and,or,except連接并具有同等句子功能時(shí),第二個(gè)及所有后面的不定式不帶to。例如:
    ??A careful writer always spares no pains to rewrite,correct and polish his work.認(rèn)真的作家總是不遺余力地重寫、修改、潤(rùn)色自己的作品。
    ??Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later?你是想現(xiàn)在吃午飯還是等一會(huì)兒?
    However I don't know what I can do except consent to your plan.但是,除了同意你的計(jì)劃我不知道我還能做什么。
    ??2、當(dāng)不定式用于let,make等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不定式不帶to。這類動(dòng)詞主要有:let,make,have,see,watch,feel,hear, notice,observe等。例如:
    ??Nothing will make her chang e her plan.什么也不會(huì)使她改變計(jì)劃。
    ??Did you notice someone pass by the window?你注意到有人從窗前走過嗎?
    ??They did not observe Christine come in and g o upstairs.他們沒有看到克里斯蒂娜進(jìn)來并上了樓。
    ??注意:當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞被用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),作補(bǔ)語的不定式需帶to。例如:
    ??She was made to repeat it.讓她又重復(fù)了一遍。
    ??3、當(dāng)不定式用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí),不帶to: had better,had best,would rather,would rather...than,would...rather than..., would sooner...(than...),might /may(just)as well(做某事倒也無妨),rather than(用于句首時(shí))。例如:
    For physical exercises,I would rather go mountain-climbing than just take a walk.為了體育鍛煉,我寧愿去爬山,也不去散步。
    ??Rather than allow the vegetables to g o bad,he sold them at half price.與其讓這些菜爛掉,他寧愿以半價(jià)出售。
    ??If you don't like to swim ,you m ay just as well stay at home.如果你不喜歡游泳,不妨留在家里。
    ??4、在do anything/ everything/nothing but/ except/save,cannot but(不能不),cannot help but(只能),cannot choose but(只能)結(jié)構(gòu)中,but,except或save后面跟的不定式不帶to。例如:
    ??I've done nothing except eat and sleep this week.這個(gè)星期我除了吃飯睡覺什么也沒干。
    ??She can't do anything but ask silly questions.她只會(huì)問一些愚蠢的問題。
    ??I cannot choose but undertake the operation.我只能接受手術(shù)。
    ??When a close friend dies,you cannot but feel sad.親密的朋友去世時(shí),你不能不悲傷。
    ??注意:but,except在其它情況下后跟不定式時(shí)需帶to;在There is nothing ...but...句型中,不定式可帶to,也可不帶to。例如:
    ??She had no alternative except to appeal
    ??to a hig her court.除了到上一級(jí)法庭上訴外,她別無選擇。
    ??There was no choice but to fight to the end.沒有別的選擇,只有斗爭(zhēng)到底。
    There was nothing left to do but(to)give up the plan.只能是放棄計(jì)劃。
    ??5、當(dāng)不定式被用作表語,說明主語中所出現(xiàn)的do的確切含義時(shí),不定式不帶to。例如:
    What a fire-door does is delay the spread of a fire long enough for people to get out.防火門的功能是拖延火勢(shì)的蔓延以贏得足夠的時(shí)間讓人們逃脫。
    ??The one thing I hate to do is go to bed when I'm not even tired.我討厭做的一件事是在我還沒有倦意的時(shí)候上床睡覺。
    All I did was give him a little push.我所做的只是給了他一點(diǎn)督促。
    ??6、在下列固定用法中不定式不帶to: make believe(假裝),make do(勉強(qiáng)應(yīng)付), let/leave go(松手),let slip(錯(cuò)過,無意說出),leave hold of(松手),hear tell of(聽人講起),let drop /fall(故意泄露)等。例如:
    ??I've often heard tell of the wonderful parties she g ives,but I've never been invited.我常常聽人說起她辦的那些吸引人的聚會(huì),但我從沒受到過邀請(qǐng)。
    ??He let drop the suggestion that we should meet him at the station.他流露出要我們到車站接他之意。
    ??We haven't got meat,so we'll have to make do with bread.我們沒有肉吃,只好吃面包。
    Don't let slip such a good opportunity.不要錯(cuò)過這樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。